2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解练习（5）(II).doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解练习（5）(II)高考英语任务型阅读考前精讲精练（答案）任务型阅读复习指导浙江省的任务型阅读采用了“六选五”型小标题配伍题型。该题型较好地贯彻了浙江省高考英语考试说明的指导思想：在考查学生英语语言知识和技能的同时，侧重考查学生综合运用语言获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力。尤其侧重于考查学生语篇综合理解能力和归纳概括能力。一、题型特点浙江卷采用该题型已有三年，现将三年高考真题的特点列表分析如下：年 份词 数体 裁话 题xx526议论文团队协作xx591说明文如何让你的生活简单化xx524议论文不要拖沓今日事今日毕通过上表可知，浙江卷任务型阅读的选材有如下特点：1. 篇幅：在500-600词之间，文章比较长；2. 体裁：主要为议论文和说明文，一般不考记叙文，因为记叙文多按故事情节展开，而不是分要点展开；3. 话题：话题贴近学生生活，时代感强。常见的话题有：日常生活、学生生活、学习方法与技巧、环境保护、人际关系、科普知识等；4. 文章结构：所选文章多为“总分”型，即：文章一般由两大部分组成：引子 +正文，正文部分则由五个部分组成，每个部分均由“小标题+说明”组成，各部分的说明是对小标题的阐释或论证。需要特别说明的是，xx年该题型为选择每段的首句，而不再是子标题。其实，各段首句也就是本段主题句，相当于本段落的子标题。二、真题实例分析 xx年高考英语浙江卷下面文章中有5个段落需要添加首句 (第6165题)。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F) 选出适合各段落的首句。选项中有一项是多余选项。A. Time can run out.B. Tomorrow wont be better. C. Ideas need time to develop. D. Your professor will be impatient. E. You blow off your chances for help.F. You are probably overestimating (高估) the pain. Never Put off Tomorrow What You Can Do TodayWant to put off studying for the physics test? Or writing that thirty-five-page research paper on future uses of biotechnology? Sure you do? And who wouldnt? But its still a silly idea to put off doing something until a future time. Here is why .61. The task will be still the same. It wont be any more fun and you still wont want to do it. As the deadline gets closer and closer, the task seems to bee larger and larger if you havent started the work. And the stress increases. Now not only do you have to write that paper, you have to do it under great pressure. 62. Before you start, it seems that the task is unlikely to be acplished. But you know what? Youre probably miscalculating. Get started maybe on a small piece and you will discover that you have more resources and know more about the subject than you thought. Result? You wont experience nearly as much suffering as you expected to. Things are guaranteed 100 percent to get better. 63. If you leave your work before the night before its due, you give up the possibility of getting input from your professor. Professors regularly give advice or at least a few useful tips during office hours. Unfortunately though, they dont usually hold office hours at midnight, so you will be out of luck when you discover the night before the midterm that you have no idea how to do the questions that will count for two-thirds of your grade.64. Ever wonder why the professor assigns the paper two weeks before its due? Its because he or she expects you to be thinking about the issue, or doing the research, for two weeks. No, not every waking moment, but at least some of the time. After all, the professor could just as easily have given the assignment one week before it was due if he or she expected less thinking. Most college papers require you to have some kind of idea, then to spend some time thinking about it, revising it, and polishing it. When you throw together a paper or a report at the last minute, your ideas are half-baked. And your professor will know it. 65. If you put things off at the last minute, you might find that you havent budgeted enough minutes to finish the necessary tasks. Its the easiest thing in the world to miscalculate how long it will take to do all the work especially when new issues arise like illness, family problems, puter breakdowns, trouble at work, and all the other things as you are thinking through your paper argument or preparing yourself for the ing test. If you keep delaying, you dont allow yourself time for those various life events that have an adverse (不利的) effect on your ability to plete your assignment. 有些学生喜欢拖延，岂不知明日复明日，明日何其多。文章从五个方面论述了不能将今日事拖延至明日，应该今日事今日毕。61. B。通读本段可知，本段从两个层面展开讨论：1. (前两句) 任务依旧在那里，需要做，不会变得有趣，你依旧不愿做；2. (后三句) 越往后推，工作任务越发显得沉重，压力也就越大，你将需要在承受巨大压力之下完成任务。显然，本段讨论的角度是：向后拖延并不会带来什么好处。62. F。根据it seems that the task is unlikely to be acplished以及You wont experience nearly as much suffering as you expected to可知，本段讨论的是你可能因为高估了困难而拖延，其实，完成任务并没有你想象的那么难。63. E。根据you give up the possibility of getting input from your professor以及you will be out of luck可知，本段分论点为：把事情放到最后一刻去做，将会丧失获得帮助的机会。本段论述方式为举例说明，例子为大学生如果把课业留在最后一刻，将会失去得到教授指导的机会。D项有一定干扰性，但本段只是说晚上教授一般不工作，并没有说教授会失去耐心。64. C。根据本段中出现的two weeks, not every waking moment, but at least some of the time, one week, at the last minute等可知，本段讨论的话题与时间相关。选项中有两个选项与时间有关：A项和C项。A项说的是“时间会随着拖延而流失”，显然不是本段讨论的内容。C项说的是“想法需要时间不断提升”，与本段内容吻合。65. A。本段空格后的第一句：如果人们习惯于将事情推到最后一刻去做，将可能发现没有预留出足够的时间来完成要做的事情。最后一句：生活中总是会有阻碍完成工作的各种事情发生，如果你有拖延的习惯，你将不会有时间去应付。显然，本段讨论的是拖延到最后时刻，很容易导致时间不够用。三、解题步骤及方法指导本题型可以按以下步骤解题：第一步：阅读所提供的选项，推测文章主旨。考生应先浏览所提供的选项，利用这些信息激活与文章主题相关的背景知识，同时根据所提供的选项去推测文章的内容，预测所要概括段落的内容。第二步：分段阅读，各个击破。读每段话时，要注意其中的关键信息句与关键信息词，关键信息句与关键信息词可能出现在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落中间和段落的末尾，建议考生在阅读过程中划出段落主题句和关键信息词，阅读时应综合考虑整个段落，要能准确迅速提取出概括主旨的信息，初步确定一个能概括该段主旨大意的选项。一般来说，段落的关键信息句与关键信息词往往就体现出了该段的主旨大意，但可能会对关键信息句换一种说法，或者用关键信息词的同义（近义）词以及同根词作为段落的主旨概括选项，这时候要看清选项真正的意思，灵活处理信息，做出正确选择。同时还要注意分析段落的层次结构，注意段落的行文方式，特别是要注意段落行文过程话题和意义的转换，谨防出现以偏概全和错误概括的问题，考生一定要读完每个段落，因为有些段落的主旨会出现在段落的结尾。本阶段应注意以下事项：1. 认真比较选项的异同，确定各选项的关键词语，如xx年试题的A项和C项均涉及到time，但A项的重点在于run out，C项则为Ideas develop。D. Your professor will be impatient.的关键词是impatient；E. You blow off your chances for help.的关键词是chances for help；F. You are probably overestimating the pain.的关键词是overestimating the pain。 2. 使用过的选项要做出标记，这样，剩下的选项就会不断减少，后面段落答案的确定就可以大大减少用时。建议直接使用其适用空白处的题号标记，简单明了。多余选项予以排除后，可作特殊标记，以示区别。确定各空答案的方法：1. 高频词汇关联法。一个段落围绕某一话题展开，必然会大量使用与该话题关联的词汇。如上述64题一段出现了two weeks，not every waking moment, but at least some of the time，one week，at the last minute等大量与time相关的词汇，由此可知，本段讨论的话题与时间相关。从而可确定A项和C项的可能性最大。2. 利用复现关系解题法。复现是行文不可避免要使用的一种词汇衔接手段，它通过原词、同 (近) 义词、概括词等形式重复某一概念，从而使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。如上述63题，该段中的you give up the possibility of getting input from your professor实际上与E项You blow off your chances for help同义，属于复现关系。复现包括原词复现、同根词复现、同(近)义复现、反义复现、上下义词复现和解释型复现。3. 概括总结法。对于那些无法通过上述方法解答的试题，恐怕我们就只能通过细读段落内容，概括总结出其主旨大意，然后再在选项中找到合适的选项。如65题，我们就无法通过高频词语关联法或利用复现关系解题，此时，我们可认真阅读，自己总结段落大意。第三步：复核答案。复核时，重点关注未被选的干扰项，防止出现错选。阅读理解 Sitting on the peaceful coast of Galapagos Islands. Ecuador, watching the sun move quietly into the sea, you shouldnt forget that Charles Darwin (1809-1882) arrived here in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This finally inspired (启发) his famous work, On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwins footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to the islands. The islands are certainly a paradise (天堂) for wildlife, as there are no natural killers on the islands and the number of boats and visitors is under government control. Though you cannot walk freely as Darwin did about 200 years ago, each day is as impressive as it could be. The most well-known animal of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise(巨型海龟), which can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Sanra Cruz, the second largest island in the archipelago(群岛). Some of these creatures are so old that they might have been seen in their youth by Darwin himself. Despite strict control over activities and timing, your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of inparable pictures: diving with sea lions that swim and play within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch your feet as you swim; and, most magically, seeing a whale and her baby surface with a great breath of air. Travelling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, you will feel as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world. At night you will sleep on board the ship, leaving the wildlife in plete occupation of the islands, which are as undisturbed now as they have been since the beginning of time. ( ) 1. What do we know about Darwins visit to the islands? A. He studied different creatures on the islands B. He pleted his famous book on the islands C. He was touched by the geography of the islands D. He was attracted by well-known animals of the islands ( ) 2. Which of the following plays a role in making the islands a paradise for wildlife? A. Animals on the islands feed on grass. B. Local government forbids killing wildlife. C. People cannot visit the islands as they wish. D. Tourists are not allowed to touch the animals. ( ) 3. Your stay on the islands will be most impressive mainly because of_. A. The beautiful sea views B. Darwins inspiring trip C. a closer view of animalsD. various daring activities ( ) 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. A Unique Attraction for Wildlife Lovers B. Calapagos as a Paradise for Adventures C. Charles Darwin as a Symbol of Galapagos D. A Successful Example of Wildlife Protection 【语篇解读 语篇解读】本文介绍了一个冒险家的乐园 Galapagos Islands,达尔文曾在这儿受到启发写 语篇解读 出了物种起源一书,同时,由于这儿保护得很好,直到现在依然是旅游的好去处. 1. 答案 A 【解析】细节理解题.由文中的 He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals.可知达尔文在这儿观察了各种各样的动物. 2. 答案 C 【解析】细节理解题.根据文中.strict control over activities and timing.可知,当地对游客的 活动和参观时间都是有严格限制的,所以答案选 C 项. 3. 答案 C 【解析】细节理解题.根据 your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of inparable pictures: diving with sea lions that swim and play within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch your feet as you swim; and, most magically, seeing a whale and her baby surface with a great breath of air.可知,在 Galapagos 岛上能与动物亲密接触. 4. 答案 A 【解析】主旨大意题.这篇文章主要是向我们推荐 Galapagos Islands,因此题目要具有醒目 的特点,方能达到吸引读者眼球的目的,故题目以 A 为佳。阅读理解 In the more and more petitive service industry, it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today, customer “delight” is what panies are trying to achieve in or order to keep and increase market share.It is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people: those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people, 80 percent of people who feel their plaints are handled fairly will stay loyal New lunges for customer care have e when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example , many panies now have to invest(投资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “phone rage”caused by delays in answering calls ,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.“Many people do not like talking to machines,” says Dr . Storey Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School. “Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them .The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust the sort of fortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager.” Remended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be calmed out within five hours ,but getting it done within two );replacing a faulty product immediately : throwing in a gift voucher(购物礼卷)as an unexpected “thank you” to rental customers ;and always returning calls ,even when they are plaints. Aiming for customer delight is all very well , but if services do not reach the high level promised , disappointment or worse will be the result . This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example,” I know how you must feel”), and possible solutions (replacement , pensation or whatever fames suggests best meets the case).Airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care. Fierce petition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems. For British Airways staff, a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly, with their name, job title and a “we are here to help” attitude. The pany has invested heavily in information technology to make sure that information is available instantly on screen. British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the pany and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service. Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish pany that used slogans such as we do as we please”. On the other hand, the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment.( ) 1. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that .A. plaining customers are hard to satisfyB. unsatisfied customers receive better serviceC. Satisfied customers catch more attention D. well-treated customers promote business( ) 2. The writer mentions “phone rage”(Paragraph 3) to show that .A. customers often use phones to express their angerB. people still prefer to buy goods onlineC. customer care bees more attentionD. customers rely on their phones to obtain services ( ) 3. What does the writer remend to create delight?A. Calling customers regularly B. Giving a “thank you” note.C. Delivering a quicker service D. Promising more gifts.( ) 4. If a manager should show his empathy (Paragraph6), what would he probably say?A. “I know how upset you must be.” B. “I appreciate your understanding.”C. “Im sorry for the delay.” D. “I know its our fault.”( ) 5. Customer delight is important for airlines because .A. their telephone style remains unchanged B. they are more likely to meet with plaintsC. the services cost them a lot of moneyD. the policies can be applied to their staff ( ) 6. Which of the following is conveyed in this article?A. Face-to-face service creates fortable feelings among customers.B. panies that promise more will naturally attract more customers.C. A pany should promise less but do more in a petitive market.D. Customer delight is more important for airlines than for banks.参考答案、DCCABC