2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 说理议论阅读理解基础练习（5）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 说理议论阅读理解基础练习（5）说理议论（阅读理解）由 (xx重庆,E)改编A recent study,while showing a generally positive attitude toward science,also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”.This idea is dangerous.Science can be a force for evil as well as for good.Its applications can be channeled either way,depending on our decisions.The decisions we make,personally or collectively,will determine the outes of science.But here is a real danger.Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we e to will make little difference.And,rather than fighting for the best possible policies,we may step back and do nothing.Some people go even further.They say that despite the moral and legal objections (反对), whatever is scientifically possible will be donesomewhere,sometime.They believe that science will get out of control in the end.This belief is dangerous too,because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world.In our interconnected world,the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science.Without a mon understanding,the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough.Take human cloning for example.Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact (影响) on traditional moral values,some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques.The outes are hard to predict.Therefore,discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies.Only through the united efforts of people with hope,can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.1.What can we conclude from the recent study?()A.People think highly of science.B.People hold mixed opinions about science.C.Science is getting dangerously out of control.D.Science is used for both good and bad purposes.2.According to the passage,what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control?()A.The development of science will hopelessly slow down.B.Businesses will have even greater influence on science.C.The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future.D.People will work more actively to put science under control.3.The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because .A.scientists have failed to predict the outesB.the ties between different areas need strengtheningC.united efforts are necessary for the development of scienceD.people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science4.What is the main idea of the passage?()A.Science and its applications bring us many dangers.B.The development of science mostly lies in peoples attitudes.C.Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts.D.The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas.语篇解读:一次最近的调查表明了人们对于科学及其如何运用于人类世界的不同态度。尽管大多数人都持积极的态度,但有人认为科学发展及其应用最终可能危害人类。只有通过大家的努力,才能让科学更好地服务于人类。答案及剖析:1.B推理判断题。文章第一段已点明了全文的主要内容:尽管人们对科学一般都是积极的态度,但最近调查表明还存在着广泛的担忧。2.C事实细节题。从文章第三段最后两句可知答案为C。3.D推理判断题。文章最后一段最后一句句意:只有通过充满希望的人们团结努力,我们才能安全地与错误地使用科学的现象作斗争,将来才能让科学更好地服务于人类。4.B主旨大意题。文章第一段表明了全文的主要内容。【长难句子分析】 and 科学进步如此之快,受商业影响如此之深,让我们有可能认为我们无论做出何种决定都没有什么作用。本句是so.that的句式结构。that引导的结果状语从句中含有whatever引导的宾语从句。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。 Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self-respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized(把归类) as honor help you create this life of good feelings. Heres an example to show how honorable actions create happiness. Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerks mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky(卑鄙的) excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul. Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness? In the first case, where we dont tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate(演示) that we cannot be trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerks attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility. There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions. Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And its easy to think and act honorably again when were happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once its started, its easy to continue. Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.1. According to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to our_. A. self-respect B. financial rewards C. advertising ability D. friendly relationship2. The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to_.A. lying B. stealing C. cheating D. advertising3. The underlined phrase bringing the error to the clerks attention means_.A. telling the truth to the clerk B. offering advice to the clerkC. asking the clerk to be more attentive D. reminding the clerk of the charged item4. How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?A. Well be very excited. B. Well feel unfortunate.C. Well have a sense of honor. D. Well feel sorry for the clerk.5 Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A. How to Live Truthfully B. Importance of PeacefulnessC. Ways of Gaining Self-respect D. Happiness through Honorable Actions【参考答案】15、ABACD阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。Probably you have seen photos of the Grand Canyon（峡谷）, the great valley in the desert country of Arizona. But you must go there yourself to feel its true size and beauty. The Grand Canyon is one of the greatest natural wonders of the worldThe Colorado River formed the Grand Canyon over millions of years. Slowly, the river cut down through hard rock. At the same time, the land was rising. Today the canyon is 1.5 kilometers and 445 kilometers long. The oldest rocks at the bottom of the canyon are more than 1 billion years old. The width varies from about 200 meters to 29 kilometers across. The rim or top of the canyon is about 2,300 meters above sea level on the South Rim, and about 3,000 meters on the other side. As a result, there are different kinds of plants and animals on opposite sides of the canyon. The South Rim is dry desert country. The North Rim has tall forests.The canyon looks different at different times of day, and in different seasons and weather. At sunrise and sunset the red, gold, brown and orange colors of the rocks are especially clear and bright. In winter, the canyon is partly covered with snow.The view from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon is the best. Most visitors e here and stay in campgrounds or hotels. Every point along the canyons edge offers a different view.The North rim of the Canyon is quieter. It takes all day to drive there from the South Rim because there is only one bridge across the Colorado River. On the way, you go through Navado Indian lands, and a colorful pink desert called “The Painted Desert”.1. The best way to feel the true beauty of the Grand Canyon is to_. A. see its photographs B. listen to the report about it C. watch its introduction on TV D. go there yourself and visit it2. According to the second paragraph, _.A. the Grand Canyon has a short history B. its size never changed in the historyC. the Grand Canyon was formed by the earthquake D. You can enjoy different scenery on different sides of the canyon3. The scene the canyon is _.A. various depending on different time and placesB. the same C. various depending on different timeD. various depending on different places4. If you want to visit the North Rim from the South Rim, you_.A. can go there in many directionsB. wont spend much time on the wayC. can visit The painted Desert on the wayD. neednt go across any bridges5. If you want to have a visit to the Grand Canyon, youd better go to _. A. the North Rim B. the South Rim C. the bottom D. Navado Indian Lands【答案与解析】1. D根据第一段But you must go there yourself to feel its true size and beauty.可知答案。2. D 根据第二段中最后三句话可以得出答案。3. A 根据第三、四、五段可以得出答案。4. C根据最后一段可以得出答案。5. B 根据倒数第二段第一句话：The view from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon is the best.可以得知答案。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。Harvard University named historian Drew Gilpin Faust as its first female president on Sunday, ending a lengthy and secretive search to find a successor（接任者）to Lawrence Summers .The seven-member Harvard Corporation elected Faust, a noted scholar on History of the American South and dean of Harvards Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, as the universitys 28th president.“This is a great day, and a historic day for Harvard,” James R. Houghton, chairman of the presidential search mittee, said in a statement. “Drew Faust is an inspiring and acplished leader, a superb scholar, a dedicated（献身的) teacher, and a wonderful human being.”Her selection is noteworthy given the heated debates over Summers ments that genetic differences between the sexes might help explain the lack of women in top science jobs.Faust has been dean of Radcliffe since 2001, two years after the former womens college was bined into the university as a research center with a mission to study gender issues(性别问题).Some professors have quietly groused that the 371-year-old university is appointing a fifth president who is not a scientist. No scientist has had the top job since James Bryant Conant retired in 1953; its last four have e from the fields of classics, law, literature and economics.Faust is the first Harvard president who did not receive a degree from the university since Charles Chauncy, a graduate of Cambridge University, who died in office in 1762. She attended the University of Pennsylvania. “Teaching staff turned to her constantly,” said Sheldon Hackney, a former president of the University of Pennsylvania and historian who worked closely with Faust. “Shes very clear. She has a sense of humor, but shes very strong-minded. You e to trust in her because shes so solid.” 1. Which might be the best title for the passage? A. Harvard named its 1st female president. B. History of Harvard University changed. C. Debates on female equality ended. D. Drew Gilpin Faust, a famous woman historian. 2. Which is NOT true about Drew Gilpin Faust?A. She is the 28th president of Harvard University.B. She is a famous scholar from the American South.C. She isnt a graduate from Harvard University.D. She was head of Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study.3. Lawrence Summers held the view that .A. women cannot achieve as much as men in management B. women cannot hold important positions in society C. women can match men in science jobs D. few women make top scientists owing to genes 4. The underlined word “groused” in the 6th paragraph means . A. approved B. mented C. plained D. indicated 5. This passage probably appears in a .A. biography B. personal letter C. research paper D. newspaper report 【参考答案】15、ABDCD