2019-2020年高中英语Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars单元质量评估新人教版必修.doc

2019-2020年高中英语Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars单元质量评估新人教版必修第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。In July 1994 Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was struck by 21 pieces of a et(彗星)When the fragments(碎片)landed in the southern part of the grand planet, the explosions were watched by scientists here on Earth.But what if our own planet was hit by a et?The year is 2094.It had been announced that a et is heading towards the earth.Most of it will miss our planet, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the earth.The news has caused panic.On 17 July, a fragment four kilometres wide enters the Earths atmosphere with a huge explosion.About half of the fragment is destroyed.But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound.The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads.The wall of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometres an hour.Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned.The wave moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia.Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the earth, but the north wont escape for long.Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosion.As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero.Crops are ruined.Wars break out as countries fight for food.A year later civilization has collapsed.No more than 10 million people have survived.Could it really happen? It has already happened more than once in the history of the earth.The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years.Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared.Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a space fragment.The dinosaurs couldnt survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct.Will we meet the same end?【语篇解读】作者通过一段幻想的灾难和恐龙已经绝迹的事实来警示人类。1Which of the following is NOT true according to the authors description of the disaster in 2094?AThe whole world bees extremely cold.BAll the coastal cities in Africa are destroyed.CThe whole mankind bees extinct.DThe visit of the et results in wars.解析：细节理解题。根据第三自然段的描述可知，A、B、D均符合本文所假想的事实，只有C不符。文中“No more than 10 million people have survived”一句意为“只有1 000万人幸存下来”，而C项说全人类都灭绝了。显然与文章不符。题干要求找出不对的选项。答案：C2Why does the author mention dinosaurs at the end of the passage?ABecause they could only live in the warm climate.BBecause they once dominated the earth.CBecause their extinction indicates future disasters.DBecause dinosaurs and humans never live in the same age.解析：推理判断题。第三段中，作者描述假想的人类灾难，最后一段提到生活在地球上的恐龙在6 500万年前突然消失(即灭绝)，许多科学家相信地球曾受到过外空星体碎片的袭击，故而导致恐龙绝种。由此暗示人类未来的灾难。答案：C3In writing the passage, the author intends to_Agive an accurate description of the possible disaster in the futureBprove that humans will sooner or later be destroyedCtell the historical development of the earthDwarn of a possible disaster in the future解析：观点态度题。本题要求考生推测作者意图。作者通过一段幻想的灾难和一段地球历史上出现过的恐龙绝迹的事实以及科学家们分析恐龙绝迹的原因，来警示人类未来可能发生的灾难。答案：D4It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a(n)_Ahorror storyBnews reportCresearch paper Darticle of popular science解析：推理判断题。根据全文大意，又根据文章的性质，可判定D为最佳选项。A、B、C均不太妥当。答案：DBSatellites are an important part of our ordinary lives.For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite.Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving.Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.puter connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites.Many of our TV programmes e to us through satellites.Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another.They are usually 35，880 kilometres above the equator.Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place.This is because it is moving around the world at 11，000 kilometres an hourexactly the same speed that the earth rotates.A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae (天线) facing the earth.Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit.So there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position.This usually happens about every five or six days.Space is not empty！Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth.A satellite usually works for about 1012 years.Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to be repaired.Often, very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time.This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.【语篇解读】文章介绍了卫星的作用，和卫星在太空运行的情况。5Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?ASending information for weather forecast.BTaking photographs of the Earth.CSending TV pictures.DProviding food for airplane pilots.解析：细节理解题。从第一段可知，A、B项的内容都是卫星的功能，从第三段可知，卫星还可以发送电视画面，而D项内容文中并未提及。答案：D6Whats the speed the earth rotates at?A35，880 kilometres per hour.B335，880 kilometres per hour.C11，000 kilometres per hour.D110，000 kilometres per hour.解析：细节理解题。从第三段的“This is because it is moving around the world at 11，000 kilometres an hourexactly the same speed that the earth rotates.”可知C项为正确答案。答案：C7What does the underlined word “This” in the 3rd paragraph refer to?AA satellite.BA little rocket.CA satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky.DThe satellite puts the rockets in the right position.解析：词义猜测题。上一句话的意思是：有时候我们看到天空中的卫星好像待在同一个地方，这是因为，故本题答案为C。答案：C8Which is true of satellites?AA satellite usually works for about 1012 years.BEvery time a satellite gets broken, it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired.CA broken satellite is never left in space.DThey often crash into each other.解析：细节理解题。从最后一段的第三句话可知A项正确。答案：ACIt was the first time that Benny had travelled on his own.As he stood with his luggage at the checkin for the flight to Singapore, he felt very nervous.“Youll be fine，” said his dad.“Nothing ever happens on flights nowadays！”Soon it was time to board the aircraft.Benny quickly found his seat and settled down next to an old lady.They started chatting and the lady told him that her name was Mrs Pang, and that she was on her way to London to visit her son.As the aircraft rushed down the runway, Benny could see that Mrs Pang was holding onto the chair in front of her, and that she had her eyes shut tight.Although he felt rather anxious himself, he said, “Dont worry, Mrs Pang! Nothing ever happens on flights nowadays！” Soon the plane was up in the sky and Benny and his neighbour were enjoying their drinks and the meals which the cabin crew (乘务人员) brought round.Suddenly, the plane began to rock from side to side.The meal trays (托盘) slid around on the little tables and the “Fasten seat belts” sign came on.The pilot told everyone that they must stay in their seats.Mrs Pang was holding onto something againonly this time it was Bennys hand that she was holding!“Dont worry, Mrs Pang，” Benny began to say.But then he stopped.What could he say? He just patted her hand and tried to look confident.It took some time before the plane got back to good weather but finally the passengers were told that everything was back to normal.Benny started to watch a film and Mrs Pang seemed to go to sleep.Suddenly, the plane rolled and without any warning, dropped down.Many people cried out as their belongings fell to the ground.Mrs Pang also gave a scream and held Benny tightly againthis time with two hands! But the plane kept going.The pilot announced that it was just an air pocket (气穴) and there was no danger.As they landed at Singapore airport, Mrs Pang turned to Benny and said, “Thank you very much for your help, Benny.Now please tell me what you said at first.”“Dont worry! Nothing ever happens on flights nowadays！” laughed Benny.【语篇解读】本文讲述了本尼第一次独自坐飞机旅行的奇特经历。9Why was Benny nervous at the checkin?AIt was his first flight.BHe had too much luggage.CHe had never travelled alone before.DHe didnt want to go to Singapore.解析：细节理解题。由第一段第一句话“It was the first time that Benny had travelled on his own.”可知，本尼感到紧张是因为这是他第一次独自旅行。答案：C10How did Mrs Pang feel throughout the flight?AExcited. BWorried.CSurprised. DThankful.解析：推理判断题。由全文的介绍，特别是第四段的“Mrs Pang was holding onto the chair in front of her, and that she had her eyes shut tight.”以及第六段的“Mrs Pang was holding onto something again”以及第九段的“Mrs Pang also gave a scream and held Benny tightly again”来看，Mrs Pang在整个旅程中都很紧张。答案：B11Why did Benny stop speaking to Mrs Pang when the plane rocked?AHe didnt want to talk to her.BHe was too tired and fell asleep.CShe was too busy holding the seat.DHe couldnt tell her that nothing had happened.解析：推理判断题。由第七段“He just patted her hand and tried to look confident.”可推知。答案：D12Why did Benny laugh in the end?AHe knew that what he said was untrue of their flight.BHe thought what Mrs Pang did was funny.CHe was happy to be in Singapore.DTheir flight was great fun.解析：推理判断题。由全文故事可知，本尼笑是因为他知道他说的话是不真实的。答案：ADThe journey to the moon has been the first step towards future exploration in space.The distance between the Moon and Earth is very short indeed when pared with the distances between Earth and the other planets.Mars, the nearest planet to Earth is millions of miles away! Travelling to the planets will be mans next aim.Such travels will be more challenging than the trip to the moon and certainly more adventurous.Recently, two American spaceships, Vikings 1 and 2, landed on Mars trying to discover whether that planet has any life on it.So far the signs of life on Mars has neither confirmed(确认)nor ruled out.Russians have discovered that the surface of Venus(金星)is so hot that it is almost certain that there is no life there.Also the atmosphere of Venus is extremely dense(稠)and the pressure is nearly a hundred times greater than that of the Earths atmosphere.Scientists believe man may find planets which have the same conditions as those we have on Earth, but man should realize Earth will be his only home for a long time and begin to love and care for it.【语篇解读】因为目前还没有找到能代替地球的行星，所以我们要保护好地球。13According to the passage, travelling to the planets will be_Amuch easier and even more interestingBfar more exciting and dangerousCmans final aimDmans first step解析：细节理解题。文章第一段告诉我们人类向其他行星探索的行动将比去月球探索更加具有挑战性和冒险性。答案：B14From the passage, we can guess_Athere is life on MarsBthere is no life on MarsCThe atmosphere of Mars is not so dense as that of VenusDscientists will have little hope to find the answers解析：推理判断题。第二段第二句告诉我们，火星上是否有生命还不能确认，所以A、B排除。根据文章最后一段第一句可知：科学家相信人类能找到像我们地球上生存条件一样的行星。所以可以排除D。答案：C15Scientists think we should take care of our earth because_Ano other planets are to take the place of the earthBeverything needed is provided by the earthCthe only home of man will be the earth for a long timeDthe dream to find another home for man will e true解析：细节理解题。最后一段讲明人类必须保护地球。根本原因在于人类在近期内无法找到能够和地球的生存条件相提并论的星球，所以地球在很长时间内依然是人类赖以生存的家园。答案：C第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。In our modern world, everyone is trying to do things faster, better, and more productively.Here are a few habits to help you increase your productivity. _16_ Just by taking a few moments to find 35 things you must finish each day, you will improve your overall productivity, because you cant focus on your important work if you dont know whats important.Dont multi(多)task.We live in a rapidly developing world, but scientists tell us that none of us is truly a good multitasker._17_Create a morning routine._18_ If you know you operate at your best when you have exercised and had a good breakfast, making those things a priority(优先考虑的事)will positively affect the rest of your day.Be short and clear.When writing emails, get to the points quickly._19_Work offline._20_ If you cant avoid its distractions(分心), work offline or take your work somewhere without an internet connection to force some focus.I get so much work done on long plane journeys and I sometimes go to a local coffee shop for some work.AThe Internet is a fantastic, but an attractive place.BDecide your most important tasks.CDo the thing you want to do the least, first.DWorking on one thing at a time will make you faster.EA good rule is to limit your email to five sentences or less.FYou dont need a fancy system for productivity, just a few good, timeless habits.GFor many people, deciding and continuing a morning routine can have a good start of the day.【语篇解读】如何做事情更快更好更高效？本文给出了建议。16解析：该空是本段中心句。本段讲的是先做最重要的事情，所以B项符合。答案：B17解析：由本段中心句“不要一次做很多事情”可知，选D项“一次只做一件事”符合。答案：D18解析：由共同词句“morning routine”可知选G。答案：G19解析：由本段中心句“简洁明了”可知，写电子邮件要简洁明了。答案：E20解析：由本段中心句“要断网工作”可知，选A项。答案：A第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Mars is not, it seems, the dry old planet we once believed it to be.Astronauts who are_21_to go there in the next decade may find plenty of _22_ to slake(消除)their thirst.And with water present the_23_of finding some sort of life on Mars are_24_brighter.This is the view of forty _25_ who have been analyzing_26_of pictures and other scientific_27_obtained by robot explorers in the sixties and seventies.To begin with, scientists thought the Red planet was as_28_as the _29_ with dust storms swirling over vast sandy_30_But now the picture is very _31_ with mountains and valleys carved by_32_glaciers and rivers rushing and rumbling deep underground.In a report on the analysis of the Martian pictures Dr Michael Car of the US Geological Survey ments: “I am convinced_33_lots of water on Mars.” Any surface water will be in the_34_of ice.But it could save explorers from_35_to take so much_36_with them.The report says_37_Mars probably had a warmer climate in ages_38_due to its axis (轴) having been more tilted (倾斜) towards the sun._39_signs of plant or animal life have been detected by instruments landed on Mars，_40_the landing vehicles have been sent there for a few years.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了火星。21A.expectedBhopedCrequired Dsent解析：expect somebody to do something表示“期待某人做某事”。这里用其被动语态形式：be expected to do sth。表示“某人被期待做某事”。答案：A22A.water BplantCexplorer Driver解析：根据下文“And with water present”可知应选A项。答案：A23A.chances BopeningsCoccasions Dpossibility解析：本句的意思是“由于水的发现，在火星上面找到某种生命形式的机会就变得更加明朗了”。答案：A24A.quite BveryCmuch Dmore解析：此处的much用来修饰比较级，其他选项都不能修饰比较级，但quite better除外。答案：C25A.biologists BgeologistsCsociologists Dpsychologists解析：根据上下文可知，研究火星的应是地质学家，故选B。答案：B26A.a few BmanyCthousand Dthousands解析：thousands of用复数形式表示不确定的数字，此处意思是“数以千计的”，后接复数名词；a few of后接“限定词复数名词”，意思是“某(固定)范围内的一些”；many of 后接“限定词复数名词”，意思是“某(固定范围)内的许多”。答案：D27A.skills BnewsCintelligence Dinformation解析：指的是“在六七十年代探测器获得的其他科学信息(information)”。答案：D28A.peaceful BquietClifeless Ddead解析：此句的意思是“刚开始的时候，科学家认为这颗红色的行星象月球一样没有生命(lifeless)”。答案：C29A.moon BearthCsun Dmar解析：根据题意及常识可知，此处应是“moon”。答案：A30A.deserts BmountainsCrivers Dseas解析：此句意思是“沙暴(dust storms)在广袤的沙漠(deserts)上旋转”。答案：A31A.beautiful BlivelyCdifficult Ddifferent解析：根据上下文意可知此处应选“different”(不同的)。答案：D32A.energetic BgreatCheavy Dpowerful解析：这里用powerful形容冰河对山谷冲刷的威力巨大。答案：D33A.theres BtherereCheres Dherere解析：此句用的是“there be”结构，其后面的名词water(即主语)为不可数名词，故谓语动词be用单数形式。答案：A34A.appearance BwayCform Dshape解析：词组in the form of的意思是“以形式”。此句意思是“任何表面上的水将以冰的形式存在”。答案：C35A.have BhavingCcarry Dcarrying解析：from为介词，后面接动词的ing形式，故可排除A和C两个选项；本空为have to 结构，意思是“必须；不得不”，所以其后接动词原形。答案：B36A.water BiceCequipment Doxygen解析：此句的意思是“水的存在使探险者们不用随身携带大量的水”。答案：A37A.what BifChow Dthat解析：此句意思是“报告说由于火星的轴在过去的岁月中更倾斜于太阳，那时火星的天气，可能比现在暖和”。此处that引导一个宾语从句，其本身在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何词汇意义，仅起连接的作用。答案：D38A.pass BpastCago Dbefore解析：in ages past表示“在过去的岁月中”。答案：B39A.Not BNoCNor DNever解析：no为形容词，等于not a/not any, 表示“没有”，后接名词； 而not的后面一般接动词、形容词或从句等成分。答案：B40A.probably BperhapsCsupposed Dalthough解析：although 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，但是”。答案：D第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。With the development of industry，air pollution is getting more and more serious.In Shanghai, many people suffer from different kinds of illnesses because 41._ air pollution.Air pollution is 42._(main) caused by the following reasons.About half of the problem is caused by vehicles(交通工具)There are more and more cars and buses on the road, 43._ give off 44._(poison) gases.35% of air pollution is caused by factories.45._ factor is smoking.46._(smoke) does harm to others health as well as to 47._ of the smokers.Besides, about 10% of air pollution is caused by other reasons.We should take some measures to fight against pollution.New fuel can be used to take 48._ place of gas.We can plant more trees，grass and flowers.All in all, if everybody realizes the 49._(important) of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem 50._ (solve)【语篇解读】本文讲述了大气污染的原因并提出了解决办法。41解析：考查介词。because of“因为，由于”。答案：of42解析：考查词形转换。此处修饰动词is caused，所以用副词。答案：mainly43解析：考查定语从句。分析句子，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是cars and buses，所以填which。答案：which44解析：考查词形转换。用形容词修饰名词gases。poisonous gases“有毒气体”。答案：poisonous45解析：考查代词。本文提到了三个因素，所以用another factor表示“另外一个因素”。答案：Another46解析：考查词形转换。分析句子，此处缺少主语，所以用其ing形式。答案：Smoking47解析：考查代词。分析句子，此处应该是替代前面出现的不可数名词health，所以填that。答案：that48解析：考查冠词。take the place of“替代，取代”。答案：the49解析：考查词形转换。分析句子，此处应填名词。答案：importance50解析：考查时态和语态。这是一个主从复合句，if从句用的是一般现在时，所以主句应该用一般将来时；再由句意“问题被解决”可知，应用被动语态。答案：will be solved第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()画掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Dear Jenny，Now Id like to tell you something about my parttime job this summer vacation, in that I worked as a guide in a travel agency.The work was interesting but tired.I think it was helpful to work this holiday.It was the first time that I have earned money on my own.Ive e to understand how hard my parents work to support for the family.I used to keep on ask them for money, but now Ill never waste money and learn to share worries with my parent.Ive learnt how to get along well with others.Whats worse, Ive gained some working and social experience and I have learnt something cant be learnt from textbooks.All these will be good for my future.In a word, I had the wonderful or valuable summer vacation.答案：Dear Jenny，Now Id like to tell you something about my parttime job this summer vacation, in I worked as a guide in a travel agency.The work was interesting but .I think it was helpful to work this holiday.It was the first time that I earned money on my own.Ive e to understand how hard my parents work to support the family.I used to keep on them for money, but now Ill never waste money and learn to share worries with my .Ive learnt how to get along well with others.Whats ， Ive gained some working and social experience and I have learnt something cant be learnt from textbooks.All these will be good for my future.In a word, I had wonderful valuab