2019-2020年高中英语Unit1Greatscientists单元检测试题含解析新人教版.doc

2019-2020年高中英语Unit1Greatscientists单元检测试题含解析新人教版.阅读理解My mom takes pride in the fact that I was talking in three and four word sentences before I was ten months old. Some say its a gift while others simply think I talk too much.As my thirties came to a close, I found myself reflecting on my life. Im very happy and have no significant sadness or disappointment. However, when I looked back on those times of difficulty, I saw a clear mon denominator(特征): I didnt seem to know when to stop talking. Whether it was hurting someones feelings, or having carelessly told a secret, the incident could have been avoided, had I closed my mouth sooner. So I decided to practice the power of quiet.To take this step, I needed to understand how people could sit fortably in a group and not talk. Why does my husband feel pletely content to say nothing in a conversation? Hes highly intelligent and has wonderful opinions but hell sit quietly and just listen. Even when hes asked a pointed question, hell answer with few words while still municating effectively. What a talent!Can you imagine being happy just listening? In surveying those I know who talk less than I do, I got two answersthey either didnt feel confident enough to speak up, or they just didnt feel the need to participate in the conversation. Of course there were other reasons for not talking, but these were the two most popular answers.The first one didnt work for me. Im just fine letting people know what I think about them, and hopefully it will make the conversation much more interesting. The second one didnt work either. I do feel the need to participate. I feel it physically like an electrical pulse through my body; sometimes its so strong that it causes me to behave badly in the form of interrupting or speaking in an unusually loud voice. I had to look further.An interesting thing happened on this journey to the power of quiet. During my weekly yoga class, it came to me like an answer so clear that the words rang in my head like soft, heavenly bells.I talked too much so people would know I cared about them. It was my way of taking care of those I love. I decided before my fortieth birthday, that from that day forward, those around me would know I loved them, and cared what they thought and felt, but I was going to practice the power of quiet.As my forty-second birthday es close, I can say that deciding to talk less has been more about centering on quality rather than quantity. Ive found that listening more shows those who I care about that I really do care how they feel. Now when I break in, it means more to them. Oh, sure, I still have my short periods of talking too much, but for the most part this has been one resolution that I can call a success.1. The writer was determined to practice the power of quiet because of _.A.other peoples criticismsB.her reflections on her past lifeC.her mothers adviceD.her age2. In Paragraph 3 the writer mentions her husband mainly _.A.to show how one municates effectivelyB.to explain the reason for his silence in a conversationC.to give her high opinion of his munication skillsD.to give an example of those who have the power of quiet3. By “I had to look further”, the writer means she had to _.A.look into the future in order to succeed in practicing the power of quietB.try harder to prevent herself from talking too muchC.find out other reasons why she should talk lessD.survey people in other areas who talk littleBThink about vitamin D when youre catching up on summer rays. Its sometimes called the “sunshine vitamin” because its produced in your skin in response to sunlight. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble (脂溶性的) vitamin in a family of pounds that includes vitamins D-1, D-2, and D-3. It can affect as many as 2,000 genes in the body.Vitamin D has several important functions. Perhaps the most vital are regulating the absorption of calcium and phosphorous(磷), and promoting normal immune system function. Getting enough vitamin D is important for normal growth and development of bones and teeth, as well as improving resistance against certain diseases.In addition to its primary benefits, research suggests that vitamin D may also play a role in: reducing your risk of multiple sclerosis(多发性硬化), according to a xx study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association decreasing your chance of developing heart disease, according to xx findings published in Circulation helping to reduce your possibility of developing the flu, according to xx research published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition regulating mood and warding off depression losing weight or preventing heart diseaseHow do you get it? Your body produces vitamin D naturally when it is directly exposed to sunlight. A little can go a long way. All you need is 10 minutes a day of midday, pre-sunscreen sun exposure, especially if you have fair skin. Besides getting vitamin D through sunlight, you can also get it through certain foods and supplements to ensure adequate levels of the vitamin in your blood.4. Why is Vitamin D sometimes called “Sunshine Vitamin”?A.Because it is produced in your skin reacting to sunlight.B.Because it is named a fat-soluble vitamin.C.Because it is produced with enough sunshine.D.Because it is like sunshine in summer.5. How can a person ensure enough Vitamin D in his/ her body?A.He/ She could ask doctors for help.B.He/ She should walk a long way in the sunlight.C.He/ She should be exposed to sunlight for a long time.D.He/ She should get it through sunlight, foods and supplements.6. Which of the following is NOT the function of Vitamin D?A.Preventing heart disease.B.Helping the body grow normally.C.Producing calcium and phosphorous.D.Decreasing anxiety and nervousness.7. Which is the best title of the passage?A.Vitamin D Family.B.Vitamin D, You Need It.C.Ways to get Vitamin DD.A Good Medicine -Vitamin D.完形填空阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I was doing a big clean-up recently and my kids were helping. One of my sons 1a knotted handkerchief with an old dark brown coin inside, which immediately 2me of another time.In 1991，I had spent five months in Niger，a hot African country. The climate and beggars were biggest and most 3plaints. Street beggars would continually shout“Gift! Gift!”One day，a friend and I 4for neighboring Burkina to work in a health clinic. Arriving by taxi at our destination ,we began to 5. I had a large backpack and a smaller daypack. Out of the darkness, a motorbike with two men approached slowly. Without 6,one of the men grabbed my daypack as the motorbike swept close by. Within seconds ,they were 7up by the night. The bag had my passport，money，and other things 8to me. I was in deep trouble.In the weeks that followed, I cautiously9the rest of my valuables and regarded all 10with suspicion. All I wanted was to leave this place. Then, walking through Burkinas streets one day，I met an old woman “Gift! Gift!” she cried. Id had enough! I was 11of the countryIts poverty ,its thieves, and the heat, I told her 12，“ I have no gift, I have no money. A thief stole all my money two weeks ago and now I cant get out of your country. I cannot give you 13. The beggar woman listened attentively. Then she smiled 14she reached into her dress.“Then I will give you a 15,” she announcedKindly，she placed an old ,dark brown coin in my hand. I looked at it 16. It was small amount of moneybut for this woman ,the coin represented a meal. In that moment ,I felt 17,Though poor, she was able to give me something priceless. I saw then the 18beauty of the people there and appreciated deeply the quiet 19of the poor. I hope never to part with the cionshe gave me . With one small coin, she 20my belief pletely.1. A.came acrossB.sought forC.fixed onD.made out2. A.recalledB.remindedC.informedD.warned3. A.consistentB.instantC.urgentD.constant4. A.sentB.wentC.headedD.called5. A.moveB.unloadC.runD.work6. A.warningB.thinkingC.callingD.planning7. A.turnedB.disappearedC.swallowedDe8. A.preciousB.expensiveC.variousD.serious9. A.buriedB.savedC.carriedD.guarded10. A.thievesB.localsC.beggarsD.women11. A.tiredB.scaredC.proudD.aware12. A.sadlyB.calmlyC.angrilyD.patiently13. A.nothingB.somethingC.everythingD.anything14. A.untilB.asC.whileD.after15. A.giftB.coinC.handD.favor16. A.with joyB.in angerC.with fearD.in shock17. A.proudB.ashamedC.gratefulD.disappointed18. A.specificB.availableC.unexpectedD.untouched19. A.raceB.respectC.originD.dignity20. A.heldB.createdC.changedD.ruined. 语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical munity（医学界） 1 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical munity was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 5 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7 (be) full of fat and salt; by 8 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。作者记叙了自己从小就爱说话，当回顾自己的过去的时候，发现自己因为不知道什么时候该停止，而伤害了别人的感情、泄露了秘密，而如果能早点闭嘴，这些小事情本来是可以避免的，所以作者开始练习沉默并开始认真分析自己身上的问题。1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, when I looked back on those times of difficulty, I saw a clear mon denominator(特征): I didnt seem to know when to stop talking. Whether it was hurting someones feelings, or having carelessly told a secret, the incident could have been avoided, had I closed my mouth sooner. So I decided to practice the power of quiet.”可知，当作者回顾自己的过去的时候，发现自己因为不知道什么时候该停止，而伤害了别人的感情、泄露了秘密，而如果能早点闭嘴，这些小事情本来是可以避免的，所以作者开始练习沉默。故选B。B【语篇解读】维生素D是我们的身体必不可缺少的元素，文章列举了维生素D的几个方面的功能作用以及我们该如何获得足够的维生素D。4. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Its sometimes called the “sunshine vitamin” because its produced in your skin in response to sunlight.”可知，维生素D有时被称为“阳光维生素”，因为它是在我们的皮肤在照射阳光的过程中产生的。故选A。5. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章的最后一段中“Your body produces vitamin D naturally when it is directly exposed to sunlight. A little can go a long way. Besides getting vitamin D through sunlight, you can also get it through certain foods and supplements to ensure adequate levels of the vitamin in your blood.”可知，要想获取的足够的维生素D，主要是从阳光照射、食物中和维生素补充这几方面获得。故选D。6. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Vitamin D has several important functions. Perhaps the most vital are regulating the absorption of calcium and phosphorous(磷), and promoting normal immune system function.”可知，维生素D的一个重要的功能是调节钙和磷的吸收，促进正常的免疫系统功能，而不是产生钙和磷。根据文章第四五六七八段可知，ABD三项都是正确的。故选C。7. B【解析】主旨大意题。维生素D是我们的身体必不可缺少的元素，文章列举了维生素D的几个方面的功能作用以及我们该如何获得足够的维生素D。故选B。.完形填空【语篇解读】文章介绍作者在非洲国家布基纳法索经历的一件事。作者的重要的物品都被两个男子抢了，作者对这个国家的人充满警惕戒备。但是就在这时一个非洲的女子乞丐却给了作者意料之外的帮助，使作者深切的感受到穷苦人民内心的尊严。1A考查动词短语。根据下文可知，在打扫卫生的过程中，“我”儿子偶然发现了一块打结的手帕。A. came across偶然遇到，偶然发现；B. sought for寻求，探求；C. fixed on把固定住，把集中在上；D. made out理解；辨认出。故选A。2B考查动词。此处运用了“remind sb. of sth.”结构，指这立即使得“我”想起了以前某段时间的事情。A. recalled召回，使想起；B. reminded提醒；使想起，使记起；C. informed告知；D. warned警告。故选B。5B考查动词。根据后面的“I had a large backpack and a smaller daypack.”可知，作者从出租车上卸下行李来。A. move 移动，行动，搬家；B. unload卸下货物或其它负担；C. run跑，运转，经营；D. work工作。故选B。6A考查动名词。句意：毫无征兆的，当摩托车驶过的时候，其中一个男人突然抢走了我的小包。A. warning警告；征候，预兆；B. thinking思考，考虑；C. calling打电话给，呼唤；D. planning计划。故选A。7C考查动词。句意：很快，两个人就被夜色吞没了。A. turned up出现，调大声音；B. disappeared消失；C. swallowed up吞没；D. e up提出，走上前来。故选C。8A考查形容词。此处指包里还有其他一些贵重的物品。A. precious贵重的，宝贵的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. various各种各样的；D. serious严肃的。故选A。9D考查动词。因为物品曾被抢了，所以作者小心守护着现在手里的东西。A. buried埋葬，隐藏；B. saved救，节省；C. carried携带，输送；D. guarded看守；保卫，守护。故选D。10B考查名词。此处指接下来的几个星期里，“我”都在用怀疑的眼光看待当地人。A. thieves贼，小偷；B. locals当地人；C. beggars乞丐；D. women女人。故选B。11A考查形容词。此处运用了be tired of固定搭配，指“厌倦了”。A. tired劳累的；B. scared恐惧的，惊恐的；C. proud自豪的，得意的；D. aware意识到的。故选A。12C考查副词。此处指作者愤怒地对那位老妇人乞丐说“我没有礼物，我没有钱。两个星期前，一个小偷偷了我所有的钱，现在我都不能离开你的国家了”。A. sadly悲哀地，忧愁地；B. calmly镇静地；C. angrily生气地；D. patiently耐心地。故选C。16D考查介词短语。一位乞丐要送给作者礼物，所以作者感到很震惊。A. with joy高兴地；B. in anger生气地；C. with fear担心害怕地；D. in shock震惊地。故选D。17B考查形容词。根据前面的“and regarded all locals with suspicion.”以及后面的“Though poor, she was able to give me something priceless.”可知，作者感到了羞愧，自己都在怀疑当地人，而且还冲着她喊叫。A. proud自豪的；得意的；B. ashamed惭愧的，感到难为情的；C. grateful感激的；D. disappointed失望的，沮丧的。故选B。18C考查形容词。此处指作者看到了当地人身上体现了令人没想到的那种内在的美。A. specific特定的；明确的；B. available可获得的；可购得的；C. unexpected意外的，想不到的；D. untouched未触动过的；不受感动的。故选C。19D考查名词。一位乞丐还能帮助别人，这体现的是一种高贵的人格品质。A. race种族，比赛；B. respect尊敬，尊重；C. origin起源；原点；D. dignity尊严；高贵。故选D。20C考查动词。这位乞丐的做法改变了作者的信念。A. held持有；拥有；保存；B. created创造，创作；C. changed改变；交换；D. ruined毁灭；使覆灭。故选C。. 语法填空1. as考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示“作为，以身份”，故填as。2. effects 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“side effect”(副作用)有很多，故填effects。3. to process 考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物。require表示“要求”，require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”(某人被要求做某事)。故填to process。4. are removed 考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。5. a 考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。