2019-2020年高中英语Unit3BacktothepastPeriodTwoWordpower&ampGrammarandusage讲义牛津译林版必修.doc

2019-2020年高中英语Unit3BacktothepastPeriodTwoWordpower&Grammarandusage讲义牛津译林版必修.单词自测1extreme adj.极度的；极端的extremely adv.极度地；极端地2plain vi.抱怨3bone n骨骼，骨头4wooden adj.木制的wood n木头，木料5leather n皮革6historical adj.历史的；与历史研究相关的history n历史，历史学.短语自测1be considered to be. 被认为是2take.as an example以为例3be used to do sth.被用来做某事4have the chance to do sth.有机会做某事5share sth.with sb.与某人分享某物1consider语境感悟(1)(教材P46)On the World Heritage List put out by UNESCO，altogether there are about 900 World Heritage sites，which are considered to have extraordinary value to human civilizations.在联合国教科文组织的世界遗产名录上共收录了约900个世界文化遗址，这些地方被认为对人类文明有着不同寻常的价值。(2)We are considering importing technology from the US.我们在考虑从美国引进技术。(3)Jean considered herself (to be) very lucky.琼认为自己非常幸运。(4)She considers that it is too early to form a definite conclusion.她认为现在下确切的结论还为时过早。归纳拓展(1)consider v考虑；认为consider doing.考虑做consider sb./sth.(to be/as).认为某人/物(是)consider that.认为all things considered总而言之；考虑到所有情况(2)considering prep.& conj.考虑到；就而言(3)considerate adj.考虑周到的；体贴的(4)consideration n考虑take sth.into consideration考虑到；顾及即时跟踪(1)用consider的适当形式填空What a pity！Considering his ability and experience，he might have done better.Ive always understood one should try to be considerate of other people.Everything taken into consideration，its practical.(2)It was of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.(xx福建，23)Acareless BconsiderateCpatient Dgenerous答案B解析考查形容词辨析。句意为：Michael通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心，想得真周到。本句使用了It is/was considerate of sb.to do sth.这一结构。故选B。2plain语境感悟(1)(教材P49)One plained that the room was not clean and that it was not very fortable either.一个学生抱怨说房间不干净而且也不舒适。(2)One of their neighbors had written to plain about the sound of the piano.(xx北京)他们的一个邻居已写信抱怨关于钢琴的声音。(3)She is always plaining of her toothache to the doctor.她老是跟大夫抱怨她牙痛。(4)The police received several plaints about the noise from our party.警方收到数起不满的投诉，指责我们的聚会太吵了。归纳拓展(1)plain vt.& vi.抱怨；诉苦plain about抱怨，投诉plain (to sb.) about/of.向某人抱怨，向某人诉苦plain that.抱怨(2)plaint n抱怨；诉苦即时跟踪(1)Mother is always plaining of not having enough time.母亲总是抱怨没有足够的时间。(2)Many people plain that they are too busy to find time for read.许多人抱怨他们太忙，找不到时间阅读。(3)He to me about the food.Aplained BpretendedCregretted Dplaint答案A解析考查固定短语plain to sb.about sth.“向某人抱怨”。句意为：他向我抱怨饮食。3condition语境感悟(1)(教材P51)Most of them were in good condition.它们当中的大部分都保存完好。(2)He cant go for an outing，since he is in poor condition.他不能外出游玩，因为他身体状况差。(3)On no condition can you travel alone.你决不能独自一人旅行。(4)Living conditions in the village are still quite primitive.这个村子的生活条件仍然很原始。归纳拓展condition n.U状况；C条件；pl.环境be in good condition身体很好；完好无损be out of conditionbe in poor condition身体不佳on no condition一点也不，绝不(位于句首时，句子要倒装)on condition that. 如果，条件是，倘若living/working conditions居住/工作环境注意：condition，situation，case，occasion等作先行词时，后面的定语从句若缺状语，关系词用where。即时跟踪(1)I will e on condition that my parents are invited，too.在我父母也被邀请的情况下，我才会来。(2)You will be in a condition you are sitting on top of the world.Athat BwhichCwhere Dwhat 答案C解析句意为：你很快就会成为世界上最幸福的人。in a condition意为“处于某种状态”，后面是定语从句，先行词condition在从句中作状语，故选C。1prepare sb.to do.语境感悟(1)(教材P51)We got out our flashlights and prepared ourselves to go into the tomb.我们拿出手电筒使自己准备好进入墓葬。(2)We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.(xx福建)我们应该通过学习努力改进自己，为未来做好准备。(3)Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training.(xx全国)为筹备所花费的时间提高了训练的质量。归纳拓展(1)prepare sb./oneself to do sth.使某人准备好做某事prepare sb./oneself for.使某人为做好(心理)准备be/get prepared for/to do sth.为(做)某事做好了准备prepare for 准备，对有所准备preparation n准备(工作)(2)make preparations for为做准备in preparation for为做准备即时跟踪(1)The students are making preparations for the ing exam.学生们正在为即将到来的考试做准备。(2)Senior high school students are busy in preparation for the university entrance examination.高中学生正忙于高考。(3)My teacher prepared me for the petition.老师让我为竞赛做准备。(4)Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.I think so. He for it for months.Ais preparingBwas preparingChad been preparingDhas been preparing答案D解析考查时态。由句中的will与for months可知，prepare的动作应发生在过去而且到目前为止还在继续，故用现在完成进行时，故选D。2e to语境感悟(1)(教材P51)What has the world e to when the past matters more than the present?当过去的事情比现在的事情还重要时，这个世界会变成什么样呢？(2)The bill came to 30.账单共计30美元。(3)All his plans came to nothing.他所有的计划都没有结果。(4)When it es to politics，I have no interest.谈及政治，我一点兴趣都没有。归纳拓展e to 达到(某一状况)，结果是e to oneself苏醒，恢复知觉e to sth.谈及，涉及；合计，共计；达到(某状况)，结果是e to sb.(主意)被某人想出，在中浮现when it es to (doing) sth.当涉及(做)某事时即时跟踪(1)What will the world e to when all the animals die out some day?将来有一天所有动物都死亡的时候，世界将会是什么样子？(2)The idea came to him in his bath.他洗澡时想出了这个主意。(3)When it es to in public，no one can match him.(xx江西，26)Aspeak BspeakingCbeing spoken Dbe spoken答案B解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：当提及在公共场所发言时，没有人能比得上他。when it es to.当谈及/提及/涉及时；其中的to是介词，后面要接名词或者动名词作宾语，故排除A、D两项。空格处指“演讲”，故不用被动形式，选B项。(4)Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isnt of much help when it shopping and eating.(xx大丰新丰高一期中)Arefers to Bspeaks ofCfocuses on Des to答案D解析句意为：我们中的大多数人都知道我们应该减少脂肪，但当谈到买东西和吃饭的时候，我们知道的这样的事情并没有太大的帮助。when it es to doing sth.当谈到的时候，符合句意。故选D。as引导的原因状语从句语境感悟(1)(教材P47)This means that the things have to be carefully examined and studied，as they are often very old.这就意味着这些东西不得不被仔细地分析和研究，因为它们通常是很古老的。(2)As I havent seen the film，I cant tell you what I think of it.由于我没有看过这部影片，所以我不能告诉你关于这部电影的看法。(3)As he wasnt ready in time，we went without him. 因为他没有及时准备好，我们没等他就走了。归纳拓展教材原句中as引导原因状语从句，表示已知的、比较明显的原因，意为“由于，因为”，用作连词。常位于句首或句中，不能回答含why的疑问句，也不能在强调句中作为被强调的成分。即时跟踪(1)As the weather was fine，we decided to go for a walk.因为天气好，我们决定去散步。(2)Coach，can I continue with the training?Sorry，you cant you havent recovered from the knee injury.(xx重庆，30)Auntil BbeforeCas Dunless答案C解析句意为：教练，我可以继续训练吗？抱歉，你不能，因为你膝盖的伤还没有恢复。分析题意可知前后两句有明显的因果关系，故选as表原因。而until，before和unless都需后句用肯定才可与前句的you cant相符合。.单词拼写1The extreme(极度的)heat almost drove me crazy.2They told of his devotion(奉献) to duty.3I have broken a bone(骨头) in my arm.4The meaning of silence varies among cultural(文化的) group.(xx全国)5We have no historical(历史的)evidence for it.用所给单词的适当形式填空1extremeThe family then fell into extreme difficulties.I find it extremely fascinating.2plainThe neighbours always plain about the noise.If you wish to make a plaint，you should see the manager.3woodenHe kept a rabbit in a wooden box.Dont let the fire go out；theres plenty of wood.4historicalYou must place these events in their historical context.Ji Lianhais lecture about history is very interesting.5solutionIt may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.Hes trying to figure out a way to solve the problem.完成句子1When it es to football，he talks a lot.当说到足球时，他就很健谈。2The couple have prepared themselves to face/for facing the difficulty.那对夫妇已做好面对困难的准备了。3She often plains that he is dishonest.她常抱怨说他不诚实。4As he was in a hurry，he left this bag home.由于太匆忙，他把这个包落在了家里。5Have you considered that he is only a little boy?你有没有考虑到他仅仅是个小男孩？.单项填空1I consider the party until Saturday evening，and it is considered practical.Aputting off；being Bputting off；to beCto put off；being Dto put off；to be答案B解析句意为：我考虑把聚会推迟到星期六晚上，而且这被认为符合实际情况。题干中第一个consider表示“考虑”，后常接动名词；第二个consider表示“认为，把当作”，常用搭配：consider宾语(to be)名词/形容词(to be可省略)，其被动式为：宾语be considered(to be)名词/形容词，故选B。2Thousands of people to watch yesterdays match against Ireland.Aturned on Bturned inCturned around Dturned out答案D解析句意为：成千上万的人出来观看昨天同爱尔兰队的比赛。turn out出动，符合句意，故选D。3We need to be prepared for the wide spread of H7N9 virus，but hopefully it wont that.Ae up Be toCe across De out答案B解析句意为：我们需要为防止H7N9病毒的广泛传播做好准备，但希望不会到那一步。e to达到，发展成某种程度或状况，符合句意。e up出现，发芽；e across偶然遇见；e out出版，出现，故选B。4Is your present pension sufficient to cover your cost of living?Enough and to spare. (xx盐城中学模拟)AI cant plain.BServe me right.CIve had enough of it.DI cant be too particular.答案A解析句意为：目前你的补助足够你过日子了吧？足够了并且还有剩余，我不能再抱怨了。故选A项。5Upon graduation from school，how well will you the job that lies ahead?Aprepare Bprepare forCbe prepared for Dbe preparing答案C解析how well已暗示空白处应选择表状态的短语，故只能选C。Part Grammar宾语补足语；主谓一致一、宾语补足语1英语中有些及物动词，除有一个宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语才能使句子的意思完整。这类动词或短语主要包括：make，consider，believe，cause，feel，hear，listen to，see，find，have，let，call等。其句型为：及物动词宾语宾语补足语。2名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、从句都可作宾语补足语。We all called him “monkey”(宾补为名词)We believed him honest.(宾补为形容词)I saw him out with his father.(宾补为副词)We found everything in the lab in good order.(宾补为介词短语)I dont force him to do anything he dislikes.(宾补为不定式)Nobody noticed him enter the room.(宾补为不带to的不定式)I saw him crossing the road by himself.(宾补为现在分词)When we arrived there，we saw the work done.(宾补为过去分词)The plant has its own name.You cant call it what you will.(宾补为从句)3在主动语态中，有几类动词后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补；但变为被动语态时，一定要加上不定式符号to。这几类动词或短语有感官动词：feel，hear，listen to，see，look at，watch，notice，observe；使役动词：have，let，make。help后的不定式可带to，也可不带to。I saw the children cross the road.The children were seen to cross the road.The boss made the employees work ten hours a day.The employees were made to work ten hours a day.4一些感官动词后接不带to的不定式作宾补和接现在分词作宾补的区别：不带to的不定式作宾补表示动作已经完成；现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行。I observed a stranger enter the house.我注意到一个陌生人进了那所房子。(动作已完成)I observed a stranger entering the house.我注意到一个陌生人正走进那所房子。(动作正在进行)I heard her sing a song in the next room.我听到她在隔壁唱歌了。(动作已完成)I heard her singing a song in the next room.我听到她正在隔壁唱一首歌。(动作正在进行)5宾补还可用于形式宾语it之后。They thought it right to do this test.(right为宾补)We all think it our duty that we should support him.(our duty为宾补)We find it necessary to master a foreign language.(necessary为宾补)6含不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补的句子转换成被动语态后，原来的宾补即为主补。His father made him do a lot of housework after school.He was made to do a lot of housework after school by his father.The boy saw the dog tied to the tree.The dog was seen tied to the tree by the boy.即时跟踪1用所给词的正确形式填空1In the end，we found the girl locked (lock) in a dark room.2Just at that time，I saw an old woman crossing (cross)the narrow street.3Dont let your son play(play) puter games like this any more.4Ive never heard the word used(use) in spoken English.5I think you cant force your son to go(go)to see her.二、主谓一致主谓一致可依据三条原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。1语法一致原则一般来说，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。My father is in charge of the pany.What the teacher said is of great importance.The number of students has been increasing in recent years.并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，如：bread and butter/a knife and fork/needle and thread/a cart and horse/a teacher and writer等。若and连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each，every，no或many a修饰，谓语动词用单数。A cart and horse was seen in the distance.In this hotel，the bread and butter is served for breakfast.Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Many a ship has been wrecked on these rocks.倒装句中谓语动词应与后面的主语一致。On the wall were famous paintings.Look! Here es the bus.主语后接as well as/with/along with/together with/but/except/like/rather than/including/in addition to时，谓语动词要与主语一致。(这也称作“中心语原则”。)The teacher as well as the students has seen the film.Nobody but Tom was here.His parents，together with him，are going to visit the museum.each，either，neither或由some，any，no，every构成的合成代词作主语时谓语动词用单数。none作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。Each of us has read the book.Nobody wants to go there.None knows/know a great deal about the experiment.一些只有复数形式的名词如：clothes，scissors，trousers，shorts，glasses，people，cattle，police等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。2意义一致原则作主语用的集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数；若指其中的所有成员，谓语动词则用复数。The mittee was made up of 10 members.The mittee were in the hall.My family enjoy sports and games.My family has moved into the new house.表示时间、距离、价格、度量等，往往作整体看待，谓语动词用单数。Five yuan is enough.One hundred li was covered on a single night.Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary changes.“定冠词theadj.”表示一类人时，谓语动词一般用复数。The English speak English.The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.“分数/百分数/all/someof名词”作主语时，其后的名词是不可数名词或单数形式的名词时，谓语动词用单数；但如果其后的名词为复数形式时，谓语动词用复数。3就近一致原则由or，not.but.，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。What he does or what he says does not concern me.Either you or I am able to do it.在there be结构中，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。There are two bowls and a plate on the table.There is a plate and two bowls on the table.即时跟踪2用所给词的正确形式填空1You or I am(be)going to wele them this afternoon.2Neither his wife nor his parents want(want) to go to Taiwan.3The cattle eat(eat) grass on the side of the hill every day.4The medical team are(be) treating the injured at present in that hospital.5Each citizen over 18 years old in our country has(have) the right to vote.6Two thirds of the teachers present are(be) against the plan then.7Three fourths of the surface of the earth is(be) covered with water.8Every effort was made(make) to search the missing MH370 by many countries.9There is(be) a lot of milk in the bottle.10The number of people invited was(be) fifty，but a number of them were(be) absent for different reasons.1Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it live is quite another.(xx浙江，18)Aperform BperformingCto perform Dbeing performed答案D解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有“hear宾语宾语补足语”结构，宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系，且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐，故应用being performed作宾语补足语，故选D。2Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.(xx陕西，18)Ataking BtakenCtake Dbe taken答案B解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语可以是do，doing或者done。若宾语与补足语之间是主动关系，且强调动作发生的全过程，用省略to的动词不定式，即do；若宾语与补足语之间是主动关系，且强调动作正在进行，用doing；若宾语与补语之间是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系，故选B项。3It is important to remember that success a sum of small efforts made each day and often years of achieve.(xx湖南，27)Ais；takes Bare；takesCare；take Dis；take答案A解析考查主谓一致。句意为：重要的是要记住，成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和，它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现。此处success是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。4The manager was satisfied to see many new products after great effort.(xx四川，5)Ahaving developed Bto developCdeveloped Ddevelop答案C解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：经理很满意地看到在做出巨大的努力之后，许多新产品被开发出来。题干中含有“see宾语宾语补足语”结构，develop与宾语products为动宾关系，故使用过去分词作宾补，故选C项。5All we need a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(xx湖南，32)Aare BwasCis Dwere答案C解析考查主谓一致和动词的时态。当all，all of，half of，the rest of，most of及“百分数或分数of”等后接名词作主语时，句子谓语动词的形式根据其后的名词而定，故根据表语“a small piece of land”可知本句谓语动词用单数，且根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时，故选C项。6The university estimates that living expenses for international students around 8,450 a year，which a burden for some of them.(xx湖南，33)Aare；is Bare；areCis；are Dis；is答案A解析考查主谓一致。句意为：据这所大学估计，留学生的生活费用每年大约8 450美元左右，这对一些学生来说是一个负担。第一个空的主语为living expenses指“生活费用”，谓语动词用复数形式；“which a burden for some of them”是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代前面一句话，所以此处谓语动词用单数。 7Generally，students inner motivation with high expectations from others essential to their development.(xx江苏， 21)Ais Bare Cwas Dwere答案A解析考查时态与主谓一致。句意为：一般来说，来自别人较高的期望值与学生内在的驱动力对他们的发展至关重要。该题说的是普遍现象，故用一般现在时，故选A项。8When we saw the road with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.(xx北京，29)Ablock Bto blockCblocking Dblocked答案D解析考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。句意为：发现路面被雪封住，我们决定在家度假。宾语补足语block与宾语road为被动关系，故选D项。9Let those in need that we will go all out to help them.(xx陕西，13)Ato understand BunderstandCunderstanding Dunderstood答案B解析句意为：要让那些需要帮助的人认识到我们会全力以赴地帮助他们。let后跟不带to的不定式。10I looked up and noticed a snake its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.(xx四川，8)Ato wind BwindCwinding Dwound答案C解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：我抬头，注意到一条蛇正蜿蜒向树上爬去捕获它的早餐。此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。wind与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选C。.词形变换1Choosing your future career is an extremely(extreme) important decision.2There is a beautiful wooden(wood) house in the forest of the mountain.3He laid the table in preparation(prepare) for dinner.4Shaanxi Province is a place with many cultural(culture) relics.5He said there should be careful consideration(consider) of the future role of the BBC.单项填空6Bill always seems so confident，but in fact hes shy.Aextremely BextremeCdirectly Dimmediately答案A解析句意为：贝尔似乎总是很自信，但实际上他极害羞。extremely是副词，非常，极为；extreme是形容词，极端的，过分的；directly是副词，很快，一会儿；immediately是副词，立刻，马上。修饰形容词用副词；又根据句意知A项正确。7The two countries are going to meet to some barriers to trade between them.(xx，天津，13)Amake up Buse upCturn down Dbreak down答案D解析考查动词短语辨析。句意为：这两个国家打算会面来打破双方之间的一些贸易障碍。break down打破，使垮掉，符合句意。make up编造，弥补，组成；use up用尽，用光；turn down拒绝，调低。8Mrs Smith was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had went wrong again.Arepaired it Bit repairedCrepaired Dto be repaired答案C解析she had had repaired为定语从句，修饰前面的the washing machine；这个定语从句用了使役结构have/has sth.done 的过去完成时态。9The young man who saw the car into the river telephoned the police station.Arun Bwas runCwas running Dto run答案A解析see.do sth.看到做(某事)的全过程。10Our teacher raised her voice so that she could make herself by the students at the back of the classroom.Ahear BheardChearing Dto be heard答案B解析make oneself heard意为“让别人听见自己”，oneself 与hear是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。11Either you or the headmaster the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.Ais handing out Bare to hand outCare handing out Dis to hand out答案D解析either.or.要么要么，连接主语时，谓语动词要与最接近的主语一致，即就近原则。“be不定式”表将来。12One third of the area covered with green trees.About seventy percent of the trees been planted.Aare；have Bis；hasCis；have Dare；has答案C解析分数和百分数等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于分数和百分数后所接的名词。13Nobody but Jane and Mary the secret.Aknow BknowsChaving known Dis known答案B解析but，except等作介词时，后面的名词或代词不是句子的主语，因此真正的主语是nobody。14 the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.(xx天津，7)AUnless BUntilCAs DWhile答案C解析考查状语从句。句意为：随着人口平均寿命的延长，越来越多的老人需要照顾。as在此处引导状语从句，表示“随着”。15A large quantity of water needed.Aare Bis Chas Dhave答案B解析a large quantity of “许多，大量”，谓语动词的单复数只与quantity的形式有关；如果是quantities，谓语用复数。.阅读理解A(xx四川)In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest，there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people.Surprisingly，these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.And yet，people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946.In theory，they should live by the French law.However，their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown，thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.The li