2019年高考英语一轮复习 分类题库考点 阅读理解.doc

2019年高考英语一轮复习 分类题库考点 阅读理解一、科普知识类- 1 -二、广告宣传类- 4 -三、政治经济类- 4 -四、人物传记类- 4 -五、文化教育类- 4 -六、社会生活类- 4 -七、环境保护类- 4 -八、文学艺术类- 4 -考点3 阅读理解一、科普知识类 (xx福建卷B)Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone, and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch. Some in the city cant wait to try them on and use the maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.“Id use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a.m. and going to the bar and wanted to see what was open,”said Walter Choo, 40, of Fort Greene.The smartphone-like glasses will likely e out this year and cost between $250 and $600, the Times said, possibly including a variation of augmented(增强的)reality, a technology already available on smartphones and tablets(平板电脑)that overlays information onto the screen about ones surroundings. So, for example, if you were walking down a street, indicators would pop up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and e into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.“As far as a mainstream consumer product, this just isnt something anybody needs,”said Sam Biddle, who writes for Gizmodo. “Were accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things,”he added,“and the average consumer isnt gonna be able to afford another device(装置)thats hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”9to5Google publisher Seth Weintraub, who has been reporting on the smartphone-like glasses since late last year, said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as mon as smartphones.“Its just like smartphones 10 years ago,”Weintraub said.“A few people started getting emails on their phones,and people thought that was crazy.Same kind of thing.We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones,and its unnatural,”he said.“Theres gonna be improvements to that,and this a step there.”【文章大意】作者介绍了一种迷你手机型的眼镜的用途,以及不同的人对它的不同看法。60.One of the possible functions of the smartphone-like glasses is to.A.program the opening hours of a barB.supply you with a picture of the futureC.provide information about your surroundingsD.update the maps and GPS in your smartphones【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的“.information onto the screen about ones surroundings.”可知,这种迷你手机型的眼镜有地图和GPS装置,可以在屏幕上显示你周围环境的信息,故答案选C。A、D表述错误;B项没有提到。61.The underlined phrase“pop up”in the third paragraph probably means“”.A.develop rapidlyB.get round quicklyC.appear immediatelyD.go over automatically【解析】选C。根据上句可知,这种眼镜的屏幕上会显示你周围环境的信息,因此当你逛街的时候,指示器会立刻为你指明最近的咖啡馆并绘制方向路线。62.According to Sam Biddle,the smartphone-like glasses are.A.necessary for teenagersB.attractive to New YorkersC.available to people worldwideD.expensive for average consumers【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据Sam Biddle的话“.be able to afford another device thats hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”可知,他认为这种眼镜对于普通消费者来说是昂贵的,故答案选D。63.We can learn from the last two paragraphs that the smartphone-like glasses.A.may have a potential marketB.are as mon as smartphonesC.are popular among young adultsD.will be improved by a new technology【解析】选A。段落大意题。最后两段是用Weintraub的观点来说明这种手机将会有很大的市场。B、C项还没有实现;D项没有提及。(xx山东卷C)You cant always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesnt think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. Thats why he created Lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella. The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷)built into a street lamp.”he said. The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining. In addition to the rain sensor, theres also a 360motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed. According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed(安装)at 2 metres off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter. 【文章大意】本文是一篇科技说明文, 主要介绍了设计师Belyaev的一项创造Lampbrella及它的工作原理、安全性、应用前景等方面的知识。66.For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?A.To predict a heavy rain.B.To check the weather forecast.C.To protect people from the rain.D.To remind people to take an umbrella.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第三句.Belyaev doesnt think that forgetting to check the weather forecast.Thats why he created Lampbrella.可知他创造Lampbrella的目的是为了防止人们被雨淋, 所以选C。67.What do we know from Belyaevs words in Paragraph 2?A.His creation was inspired by an experience.B.It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.C.Street lamps are protected by canopies.D.He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段可知他的这种想法是在看到俄罗斯圣彼得堡一个中心街道上人们被雨淋时产生的。所以选A。68.Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?A.motorcanopysensorsB.sensorsmotorcanopyC.motorsensorscanopyD.canopymotorsensors【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段, 这种Lampbrella是一个被配备了伞篷(canopy)的路灯杆, 它有一个内置的电动机(electric motor)和几个传感器(sensors), 可以在下雨时给行人提供保护。首先是传感器感知有雨, 然后通过电动机给伞篷提供动力。所以选B。69.What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?A.Its moving speed.B.Its appearance.C.Its installation.D.Its safety.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据本段中的.the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, .it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.及Being installed at 2 metres off the ground.可知, 本段主要在强调Lampbrella的安全性, 所以选D。70.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.The designer will open a pany to promote his product.B.The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.C.The designer is confident that his creation is practical.D.The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“insists his creation could be installed on any street where.”可知, 他认为自己的产品是很实用的。而A、D两项没提, B项错在immediate, 所以选C。(xx浙江卷B)Below is a selection from a popular science book.If blood is red,why are veins(静脉)blue?Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish colour. Although blood looks red when its outside the body, when its sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, its more of a dark reddish purple colour. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by parison. Which works harder, your heart or your brain?That kind of depends on whether youre busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when youre sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it. Why do teeth fall out, and why dont they grow back in grown-ups?Baby(or“milk”)teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they bee damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, youre done. When theyre gone, theyre gone. This is because nature figures youre set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off. Do old people shrink as they age?Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isnt because theyre shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱)bees shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力). Many(but not all)men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 34 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people dont really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwardstheir legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, its because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, bee more bent and curved. Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)?Because your brain gets confused between what youre seeing and what youre feeling. The brain senses that youre spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks youre moving while youre not! Where do feelings and emotions e from? Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain areafrom mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more plex emotions than any other animal on this planet. If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you? Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, its“use it or lose it”! Its not that exercise makes you healthy; its more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease. 【文章大意】人体很复杂,有很多奥秘。对此,你知道多少?本文可以告诉你。46.What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?A. Blue. B. Right yellow.C. Red. D. Dark reddish purple.【解析】选D。细节理解题。文章第一段第三句明确地告诉我们,静脉血管中血液的颜色为dark reddish purple。故选D。47.Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?A.Because their spine is in active use.B.Because they are more easily affected by gravity.C.Because they keep growing backwards.D.Because their spine bees more bent.【解析】选D。细节理解题。从文章第四段可以看出,老年人萎缩是由脊柱使用不当和重力的作用导致的脊柱变短和弯曲所造成的。故选D。48.Which of the following statements about our brain is true?A.In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.B.When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.C.The brains of the other mammals are as plex as those of humans.D.Our feelings and emotions e from the most developed area in our brain.【解析】选A。细节理解题。文章第二段最后一句明确地告诉我们,长远来看,我们的大脑比心脏工作量更大,因为即使你坐着不动,大脑需要的能量也是心脏的两倍,需要的血液量是心脏的4到5倍。第五段告诉我们,人之所以会眩晕,是因为大脑对旋转的误解,我们已经停止旋转,大脑错误地认为我们仍然在旋转。从倒数第二段可以看出人脑与其他动物大脑的区别在于人脑更复杂;同一段中也可以看出,our feelings and emotions来自人脑最原始的部分,该部分与动物的大脑相同。故选A。49.What is the main purpose of the selection?A.To give advice on how to stay healthy.B.To provide information about our body.C.To challenge new findings in medical research.D.To report the latest discoveries in medical science.【解析】选B。归纳总结题。整篇文章都是在讲述关于人的方方面面,所以只有B项才可以概括全文。而其他选项要么文章根本没有涉及,要么只是某段的意思,而不能概括全文。故选B。(xx浙江卷C)The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newers and focuses its attentions on“mother”the real mother or the mother-substitute(母亲替代物).During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological(心理的)thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows,a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutesone covered with cloth and one made of bare wire.If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more fortable cloth mother. Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact(接触)fort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothersskins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesnt“rub”as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged(长时间的)“contact fort”with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a babys love for its mother istrust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact fort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace(拥抱)as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less time holding onto“its mother.”【文章大意】猴子很聪明,猴子的幼崽甚至比婴儿都聪明。在对猴子幼崽的观察研究中,科学家发现两个因素特别重要,它们是warmth和contact fort。50.Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?A.WarmthB.MilkC.ContactD.Trust【解析】选A。细节理解题。文章的第二段第一句明确地告诉我们,猴子幼崽在出生后的前两周的时间里最需要的就是warmth,该段的实验也证明了这一点。故选A。51.After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is.A.larger in sizeB.closer to themC.less frightening and less disturbingD.more fortable to rub against【解析】选D。细节理解题。从文章的第三段可知,猴子幼崽之所以喜欢cloth mother是因为接触舒服,因为这种接触可以给它们自信,它比温暖、牛奶更有益。故选D。52.What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged“contact fort”?A.AttentionB.SoftnessC.ConfidenceD.Interest【解析】选C。细节理解题。文章第三段最后一句明确指出,长时间的舒服接触可以给猴子幼崽自信。故选C。53.It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure,.A.it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toysB.it spends more time screaming to get rewardsC.it is less attracted to the toys though they are interestingD.it cares less about whether its mother is still around【解析】选D。推理判断题。从文章的最后一段可以推断出,当猴子幼崽感到害怕、不安全时,会经常到妈妈的怀抱来;而当它们确信已经安全时,就贪玩、而不再需要拥抱。故选D。54.The main purpose of the passage is to.A.give the reasons for the experimentB.present the findings of the experimentC.introduce the method of the experimentD.describe the process of the experiment【解析】选B。推理判断题。整篇文章都在向人们讲述一对科学家夫妇的研究发现以及通过实验对他们的发现提供的佐证,而无其他目的。故选B。(xx四川卷E)Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩)and pumping blood around their bodies, pared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: “Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we dont seeand guide whether we see fear.”To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a persons feeling of fear.“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brainspeakto each other to change our feelings and reduce fear, ”Dr Garfinkel said.“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”【文章大意】这是一篇科普说明文。说明了一项研究的结果:心脏和大脑一样都可以感受恐惧,而且发现了心脏的跳动循环和一个人感到恐惧的可能性之间的联系。47.What is the finding of the study?A.Ones heart affects how he feels fear.B.Fear is a result of ones relaxed heartbeat.C.Fear has something to do with ones health.D.Ones fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容可知研究的结果:心脏的跳动循环和感到恐惧之间存在着联系,心脏收缩时更可能产生恐惧感。故选A项。48.The study was carried out by analyzing.A.volunteers heartbeats when they saw terrible picturesB.the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditionsC.volunteers reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scansD.different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart-brain munication【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句话可知研究观察的是当志愿者被展示给一些恐怖面孔时他们对于恐惧的反应是怎样的;再结合第五段的第一句话可知科学家们是通过观察大脑扫描仪来发现大脑是如何影响心脏改变一个人恐惧感的方式。故可以得出C项为正确答案。49.Which of the following is closest in meaning to“mechanism”in Paragraph 6?A.Order.B.System. C.Machine. D.Treatment.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。结合后面的定语从句的内容:通过这个“mechanism”大脑和心脏之间相互交流来改变我们的情感和减少恐惧。由此可推知这应该是一种途径,一种体系,故选B项。50.This study may contribute to.A.treating anxiety and stress betterB.explaining the cycle of fear and anxietyC.finding the key to the heart-brain municationD.understanding different fears in our hearts and heads【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的最后一句话“.we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”可知这项研究通过加深我们对如何处理恐惧以及减轻恐惧的方式的理解,从而有可能研究出治疗anxiety和stress更成功的办法。(xx重庆卷C)Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5, 500 years ago in ancient Asia. The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5, 100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didnt bee popular for a while, though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around. But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces werent going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually, road surfaces did bee smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later. There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design. In the mid-1700s, a Frenchman came up with a new design of roada base layer(层)of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong, lasting road surface became a reality