2019-2020年高三英语二轮 备考抓分点透析专题1 冠词.doc

2019-2020年高三英语二轮 备考抓分点透析专题1 冠词【xx年高考命题预测】高考对冠词的考查主要体现在：1、冠词（a、an、the的基本用法）；2、零冠词的情况；3、固定搭配中有无冠词的区别。分析今年高考试题，我们发现高考设题越来越注重情境干扰，注重特定语言环境中上下文的联系，题干的语义环境起非常重要的作用。并且现在也不再着重冠词的考查。因此预测：xx年高考对冠词的考查还将是侧重具体语境中冠词的基本用法。【重难点突破】概述 冠词是虚词，不能单独使用，位于名词前，帮助指明名词的含义。（一）、不定冠词a和an的用法基本用法（1）、用在单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或事物中的个体。A teacher shouldnt talk like that. 教师不应当这样讲话。（2）、用于表示首次提到的某人或某物，但没有具体说明是谁或是什么。（短文改错中常出现）（3）、用来表示“一”的概念，但不如one的数字概念强。It took me a year to save up for a new coat. 我用了一年时间才省出钱买一件新大衣。特殊用法（1）、表示价钱、时间、速度等的“每一”(=per)。- Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 _ year- Right, he will also get paid by _ week（xx江西卷）Athe; theBa; theCthe; a Da; a（2）、在专有名词前表示“某一个”、“类似的一个”。The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working hard for _ new Jiangsu. xx江苏A/; a B/; the Cthe; a Dthe; the Experts think that _recently discovered painting may be _ Picasso（xx浙江卷）Athe ;不填 Ba ;theCa; 不填Dthe; a（3）、用于序数词前表示“又一”、“再一”。First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression. xx北京Aa; the Bthe; the Ca; a Dthe; a（4）、用于具体化了的抽象名词前。Generosity is a virtue.慷慨是一种美德。（5）、在某些物质名词前表示一杯 / 罐 / 瓶/ 场/ 阵/ 种等。 There was a heavy snow yesterday. 昨天下了一场大雪。（6）、用于most前，表示“非常”“很”等。This is a most interesting story. 这是一个非常有趣的故事。(7)、有的不可数名词或本来应该带定冠词（the）的名词，由于受定语（尤其是形容词）的修饰，其前一般要用不定冠词或改用不定冠词，表示某种状态，此时的不定冠词通常含有 a kind of 的意思。如：have breakfast 吃早餐have a quick breakfast吃快餐the world 世界a world like ours 像我们这样的世界有些不可数名词即使受形容词的修饰也不能用不定冠词，容易弄错的有：news，advice，luck，fortune，work，fun，weather，homework，housework，information，behavior，harm，damage，progress，furniture，baggage，luggage，poetry，scenery等。We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. （09安徽）A. a; a B. a; theC. the; a D. the; the（8）、两个单数可数名词连用表示一个整体时，只用一个不定冠词。He is a teacher and poet. 他既是老师又是诗人。Theres a horse and cart on the road. 路上有1辆马车。（9）、与副词quite, rather连用时，a (an) 一般要后置。如：这次聚会很成功。误：The party was a quite success.正：The party was quite a success.但若其后的名词前有形容词修饰，则a (an) 放在quite / rather之前或之后均可以。如：这是一个颇为悲惨的故事。正：Its rather a sad story.正：Its a rather sad story（10）、用于what引导的感叹句中What pity that you couldnt be there to receive prize!（09陕西）A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the（二）、定冠词的用法基本用法（1）、特指上文已经提到过的人或物。（常用语短文改错）（2）、指谈话双方都熟悉的人或物。（常用语短文改错）（3）、用来特指某（些）人或某（些）物。所特指的人或物常被短语或定语从句修饰。1.The theme of Expo xx was “Better City, Better Life”， representing _ mon wish of the whole humankind for _ better living in future urban environments. Athe; a Ba; a C/; the Dthe; /（4）、用于单数可数名词之前，表示该类事物，相当于a。（5）、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。特殊用法（1）、序数词和形容词最高级前通常要用定冠词，副词最高级前可用定冠词；比较级若表特指也要用定冠词限制。As is know to all, Peoples Republic of China is Biggest developing country in the world（xx陕西卷）Athe ;不填 B不填 ；the Cthe ；the D不填；不填注：表示名次的序数词前的定冠词以及副词最高级前的定冠词通常可以省略。（2）、用于某些专有名词前如用于河流、海洋、山川、海岛、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前，以及用于由普通名词构成(或含有普通名词)的专有名词如国名、地名、团体、机构、党派、报纸、杂志、事件、建筑物等前如：the Yellow River 黄河the Red Sea 红海the Indian Ocean 印度洋the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡the Sahara (Desert) 撒哈拉大沙漠the United States 美国the Times 泰晤士报the Great Wall长城the Great Cultural Revolution 文化大革命注：表示湖泊的专有名词前通常不加定冠词，但对于中国的湖泊则习惯上要加定冠词，如 the Dongting Lake(洞庭湖)。（3）、定冠词有时可用于表示姓氏的复数前，表示全家人或全家中两个或两个以上的人。The Smiths are watching TV in the sitting room。（4）、用在某些形容词前，表示一类人或事物。 如：the young 年轻人；the disabled 残疾人（5）、用在表示阶级、党派、方位、方向、乐器的名词前。如：in the north；play the piano；join the party（6）、一些固定结构中如：“the +比较级，the +比较级”，表示“越.越.(7)、在“动词+人+介词+the+人体部位“结构中要用the，而不用物主代词。如：hit sb on the head(8)、固定短语do the shopping 买东西 at the age of 在岁时make the beds 铺床all over the country(world)全国/全世界by the way 顺便 at the end of 在的尽头on the way home 在回家的路上in the end 最后in the front of 在前部on the phone 用电话on the other hand 一方面另一方面in the middle 在中间on the radio 通过无线电at the moment 此刻（三）零冠词的用法英语中，有些情况下名词前不用冠词，这种情况通常称为零冠词。（1）、用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。 Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. （09江西）A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a （2）、用于非特指的季节、月份、星期及三餐、球类棋类和游戏以及含 day 的节日前。Monday es before Tuesday. 星期二在星期一之后。Wont you stay for lunch? 留在这儿吃午饭好吗?（3）、用于作表语、补语、同位语的惟一职位名词前。DrPeter Spemce, headmaster of the school,told us, fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge（xx四川卷）A/；A B/；The C. the; The Da; A（4）、用于表示“变成”的 turn / go 后作表语的单数名词前。He was a teacher before he turned writer. 他成为作家之前是教师。（5）、man作“人类“讲时，同human、mankind一样不用冠词。（6）、用于某些用介词 by 构成的表方式的短语中。如：by bus 乘公共汽车 by plane / by air乘飞机by land 走陆路by sea 走海路by phone 用电话by letter 用信件by post 用邮寄by hand 用手工 （四）、固定搭配中有无冠词的区别 （1）. in front of 在（外）的前面 in the front of 在（内）的前面 （2）. in charge of 掌管；负责 in the charge of 在负责之下 （3）. at table 在用饭；吃饭时 at the table 在桌旁 （4）. by day 白天；日间 by the day 按日计 （5）. take place 发生；举行 take the place 代替；接替 注意：有些短语中，有无冠词意义并无区别。如：at (the) least 至少; at (the) most 至多。 【高考真题剖析】（xx全国新课标卷）33It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like manAa; a Ba; the Cthe; the Da; /答案【A】 本题考查冠词的基本用法， a boy 和a man都表示泛指，所以选择答案A.（xx重庆卷）26In munication, a smile is usually _ strong sign of a friendly and _ open attitudeAthe, / Ba, an Ca, / Dthe, an答案【C】本题考查冠词的基本用法，a strong sign 表示泛指，attitude前已经有冠词a friendly and _ open attitude。【真题练习】（09安徽）1. We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. A. a; a B. a; theC. the; a D. the; the【答案】A（09北京）2. The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a【答案】B（09江西）3. Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world.A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a【答案】A 考查冠词用法。Air pollution 是抽象名词这里是泛指，weather 这里是特指全球的气候，根据the weather around the world 可知。（09海南）4. Lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for whileA. the; the B. the; aC. a; the D. a ; a【答案】B。 考查冠词的用法go to the cinema 表示具体的某地，for a while 固定搭配，表示“一会儿”。（09陕西）5. What pity that you couldnt be there to receive prize!A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the【答案】C 考查冠词。第一空所填冠词与上下文构成固定句型what a pity that，用不定冠词a；第二空后名词表示表特指，用定冠词the，选C。（09四川）6. In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language.A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the【答案】B 考查冠词的用法。该题的意思是：为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指；第二空用a +序数词+名词表示又一，再一。（09浙江）7I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.A. the; a B. 不填; theC. the; 不填D. a; the【答案】D（09重庆）8, Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has bee popular name.A. a; the B. /; aC. /; the D. the; a【答案】B（09全国2 ）9. What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting. A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the【答案】D（10福建）21. Its good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.A. 不填, aB. a, 不填C. the, a D. a, the21. 答案：B考点：冠词的使用解析：good feeling并非特指，故用a；pleasure是抽象名词，无需冠词。句意为“人们喜欢上海世博会给它们的快乐，这是（一）种不错的感觉” a good feeling , 一种不错的感觉，give sb pleasure。（10山东）22. If we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view. A. 不填； the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the答案：C考点： 本题考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。解析： 句意应为“如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，就会有更好的视野。”表示“某空间内部的前部”时，front前要加定冠词the; have a good view是习惯搭配，表示“视野开阔，视野良好”之意；所以C项符合语境。（10江苏）21. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_ people from all walks of life are working hard for_ new Jiangsu.A.不填； a B. 不填；the C. the； a D. the； the 选A. 第一空,来自社会各阶层的人. 是不特指,不用冠词. 第二空, 在Jiangsu 前有形容词new 因此,应加冠词a.表示一个全新的江苏（10辽宁）22.There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the答案：B句意：太空中有超过58,000的岩状物体，其中大约900有可能掉到地球上。解析：考查冠词。第一空in space 是固定短语，不用冠词，第二空名词earth属于独一无二事物的名词，其前必须用定冠词。（10北京）35. First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression. A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a35. 答案：A考点: 冠词解析：很多同学错在第二个空to make a first impression上了。在做题的时候不够细心，因为此题的句意是：第一印象是最持久的。总之，你永远不可能有第二个机会去再给别人留一次第一印象。本题强调的重点是第二个机会a second chance;第二次留一个第一印象，make a first impression. first为干扰因素。若句意改变为：你没有机会去改变你的第一印象You never get a second chance to change the first impression。此处再填the就合情合理了。（10重庆）27. Everything es with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world.A. a, aB. the, /C. the, aD. a, /27. 答案D考点：考查冠词。解析： price意思是“代价”，为可数名词，第二空前边有no,后面的名词不用冠词，故选 D项。（10浙江）2. Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weakening of the human body.A. a; /B. /; the C. a; the D. /; /答案：B考点：本题考查冠词。解析：句意：许多生活方式对人类的健康有害，他们加速了人类身体的衰退。本题考查冠词，对有害用短语“do harm to”表示，中间无需冠词；之后的weakening是由动词的ing形式表示抽象的名词，表达一种概念、状况时需要加上the。（10四川）2. In most countries, a university degree can give you flying start in life. A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a答案：D考点：考查冠词。解析： most countries此处表泛指，most前不加定冠词the.第二个空处应为“一个高起点的开始”，故用a ,正确答案为D。（xx全国II）16As he reached _front door, Jack saw _strange sight【D】Athe;不填Ba; the C不填a Dthe; a（xx陕西卷）13As is know to all, Peoples Republic of China is Biggest developing country in the world【C】Athe ;不填 B不填 ；the Cthe ；the D不填；不填（xx四川卷）18DrPeter Spemce, headmaster of the school, told us, fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge【A】A不填；A B不填；The Cthe; The Da; A（xx江西卷）22-Its said John will be in a job paying over 860,00 _ year-He will also get paid by _ week【B】Athe; the Ba; the C Da; a（xx全国新课标卷）33It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man【A】Aa; a Ba; the Cthe; the Da; 不填（xx浙江卷）2Experts think that _recently discovered painting may be _ Picasso【D】Athe不填 Ba; the Ca;不填 Dthe; a（xx山东卷）21Take your time-its just _short distance from here to_ restaurant【B】A不填；theBa; theCthe; aD不填；a（xx重庆卷）26In munication, a smile is usually _ strong sign of a friendly and _ open attitude【C】Athe, / Ba, anCa, / Dthe, an巩固练习1. Tom owns _ larger collection of _ books than any other student in our class. A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填C. a; the D. 不填; the2. For a long time they walked without saying _ word. Jim was the first to break _ silence. A. the; a B. a; theC. a; 不填 D. the; 不填3. When he left _ college, he got a job as _ reporter in a newspaper office. A. 不填；a B. 不填；theC. a ; the D. the ; the4. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off _ . A. a price B. priceC. the price D. prices5. _ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _ major concern of the country.A. The; 不填 B. The; aC. An; the D. An; 不填6. The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage. A. the , / B. an, theC. /, the D. an, a7. When you e here for your holiday next time, dont go to _ hotel; I can find you _ bed in my flat. A. the; a B. the; 不填C. a; the D. a; 不填8. When you finish reading this book, you will have _ better understanding of _ life. A. a, the B. the, aC. /, the D. a, /9. It is _ world of wonders _ world where anything can happen. A. a, the B. a, aC. the, a D. 不填, 不填10. The most important thing about cotton in history is _ part that it played in _ Industrial Revolution. A. 不填；不填 B. the；不填C. the; the D. a; the11. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _ discover which pletely changed _ mans understanding of color. A. a不填 B. atheC. 不填the D. thea12. Id like _ information about the management of your hotel, please. Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful. A. some, a B. an, someC. some, some D. an, a13. Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today.A. a; / B. the; anC. the; the D. /；the 14. Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a; the B. the; theC. the; a D. a; a 15. Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century. A. the; 不填 B. the; theC. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填16. Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for food. A. the; a B. 不填; aC. the; the D. 不填; the17. Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience. A. 不填, the B. 不填, anC. an, an D. the, the 18. The sign reads “In case of _ fire, break the glass and press _ red button.” A. / ; a B. / ; theC. the; the D. a; a19. On _ news today, there were _ reports of heavy snow in that area. A. the; the B. the; 不填C. 不填；不填 D. 不填；the 【答案解析】1. B. 因为collection (收藏品，收集物) 是可数名词，此处为单数，又不是特指，所以用不定冠词；books是名词复数表示种类，而非特指，所以不用冠词。又如：a fine collection of paintings精美的绘画收藏品。2. B. word (话、话语) 是可数名词，without saying a word意为“没说一句话”；虽然silence (沉默)是不可数名词，但此处是特指前面提到的那种沉默，所以用the。3. A. 因为school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, table, bed名词等指其用途时，不用冠词。leave college意为“大学毕业”。又因为表示职业或身份的单数名词前通常要用不定冠词，所以选A。4. C. price前加定冠词表特指。句意为“如果你买10个以上，他们会从那个价钱中减掉20便士”。5. B. 因为division后有介词短语betweenand的限制，这是特指的，所以要用the。又因为concern作“所关切的事”解是可数名词，所以前面要用冠词。6. D. 因为house和cottage都是可数名词，且都不是特指，所以都用不定冠词。句意是“威尔逊一家住在大海附近的一栋A形房子里，那是一座17世纪建的别墅”。7. A. 从next time可知，对方这次住了旅馆，第一空的hotel就是特指这个旅馆，所以用the；第二空的单数可数名词bed不是特指的，所以用不定冠词。句意是：你下次来这里度假，就不要到这旅馆来住了，我在我的公寓里帮你弄张床。8. D. 虽然understanding是不可数名词，但作“了解、理解”解时，却常常要加不定冠词(尤其是当其前有形容词修饰时)，排除B和C。又因为life作“生活、人生”解，是不可数名词，不是特指，不用冠词。have a better understanding of life指“对生活有更深刻的理解”。9. B. 虽然通常说the world，但world有定语修饰时，表示“一个的世界”时，要用不定冠词。题中两个world都有定语修饰，后者是前者的同位语，所以两个都用不定冠词。句意是：这是一个奇妙的世界，一个什么事都有可能发生的世界。10. C. 因part后面有一定语从句修饰，是特指，用the；又因为“工业革命”是由普通名词构成的专有名词，所以前面也要用the。