2019-2020年高考英语 语法高考时态命题思路点拨教案.doc

2019-2020年高考英语 语法高考时态命题思路点拨教案时态的考查是高考的热点，本文从以下三点根据最新高考试题帮助同学们进行分析点拨，希望能够掌握好这一重要得分内容。一、高考时态题目的命题特点：1主要考查大纲要求的八种时态的形式和用法。试题中并未出现大纲之外的动词时态形式。2时态的立意由简单直接的“结构立意”转向了“情景立意”。试题创设的语境明确，交际情景多是发生在学生学习或日常生活中的真是情况，这样的情景设置实质上对语法知识、语义理解和语言交际能力的综合考查，体现了高考试题由“知识立意”向“能力立意”的命题原则。 3题干中的有效信息由外显的转向隐藏的，情景中没有出现一处明显的时间信息。 4试题的设问多以中学生普遍赶到难以把握的几组时态来互相干扰，如现在完成式和一般过去式，现在完形式和过去完成式。 二、最新高考试题对时态的分类考查：1.高考试题对一般现在时的考查 思路点拨：一般现在时前几年并不是考查的重点，但是近几年加强了对它的考查力度，它的主要考点主要在以下几个方面：1）表示持久存在的动作、状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态。2）表示永恒的真理和通讯工具的定时发送。3）时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代将来时。 4）表示对当前情况的描述，多用于口语。 【经典考例】The house belongs to my aunt but she_ here any more.A. hasnt lived B. didnt live C. hadnt lived D. doesnt live解析：答案为D。句意：这房子属于我姨的，但是她（现在）不再住这儿了。根据句意应该用一般现在时。【经典考例】Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026_off at 18:20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has take解析：A。快点，4026航班在6；20起飞。飞机起飞，火车出发的时间都是按照计划的，其时态要用一般现在时。2.高考试题对完成时态的考查 思路点拨：完成时态包括现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时以及过去完成进行时,其中现在完成时考查得较多。在出考查完成时的用法时,通常采用以下命题手段来设置语境: 1）. 给出明确的时间状语。2）. 完成时态与被动语态相结合。3）.完成时态与主谓一致相结合。4）和其它时态如一般过去时、一般现在时等作对比。这样的试题完全没有时间状语,一定要对比其它时态去确定用哪一种完成时态。【经典考例】I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I _ to half a dozen other groups.A. was givingB. am giving C. had given D. have given解析：C 本题主要考查动词时态的用法。显然give (the same talk) to half a dozen other groups 发生在I was giving a talk to a large group of people 之前，所以应该用过去完成时态。判断是否用过去完成时关键看动作是否发生在另外一个已经发生的动作之前。【经典考例】The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She _ before.A. hasnt flown B. didnt fly C. hadnt flown D. wasnt flying解析：答案为C。该题考查动词时态。动作发生在“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。3.高考试题对进行时态的考查思路点拨：进行时态分为现在进行时和过去进行时,进行时态在高考试题中出现的频率也很高。一般会给出具体、鲜活的语境去考查考生运用进行时态的能力,很少会给出像at the moment, at this time last night这样明确的时间状语。一般会以对话的形式来出这类试题。 【经典考例】I_ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident_A. went; was occurring B. went; occurredC. was going; occurredD. was going; had occurred解析：答案为C。句意：我正沿着街道寻找一个停车的地方，突然事故发生了。【经典考例】Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _. A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off 解析：答案为B。这里飞机起飞的进行时态表示将来的意思。飞机就要起飞了，请系好安全带。4.高考试题对一般过去时的考查思路点拨：一般过去时一直是时态测试的考查热点,很受的青睐。在出有关一般过去时的试题时,一般不会在题干中给出明确的表示过去的时间状语,而是通过语境中的关键词确定时态背景,考查考生灵活运用时态知识的能力。能够反映时态背景的关键词可以是连词,如before, when等,或者像now这类表示与过去对比的时间副词,或者是表示时间的名词作先行词,要求据此判断定语从句的时态。【经典考例】My cousin went to Canada two yours agoHethere for a few months and then went to America Aworked Bwould work Cwould be working D.has been working解析：答案为A。本题考查时态。因为work 可以是延续动词，因此后面可以跟时间段，故答案为A，选用一般过去时态。 【经典考例】Only then _how much damage had been caused.A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized D. did she realize解析：答案为D。以“only +状语”开头的句子要用倒装。根据“then”可知应该用一般过去时。5.高考试题对将来时态的考察 思路点拨：将来时态包括一般将来时以及过去将来时,高考试题中偶尔会涉及到它们的用法。在出有关将来时的试题时,有时会给出与将来时连用的时间状语,有时结合句型去考查,有时也没有时间状语。 【经典考例】To a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting the table. A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held解析： A本题考查了定语从句中动词时态的用法。some workers were busily setting the table说明了聚会还没有举行,所以用was to be held 表示“聚会将会被举行”。而且B、C、D在时态上都不正确。【经典考例】I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he _home for dinner.A. eB. esC. has eD. will e 解析：答案为D。在宾语从句中，也要根据题意进行时态的选择，本句子的意思是：我想确定他是否要来吃饭，要用将来时。三、总结指导：1一定要吃透语境,抓住语境中的关键词去分析判断,同时还要能深刻领悟使用各种时态的场合及其含义,所以考生要能区别几种容易混淆的时态。 2考生做有关进行时态的试题,应该从分析语境入手,确定时态背景。要搞清楚时态背景是发生在过去还是现在,再结合时态的各种用法去分析。3做有关时态的试题,首先要熟悉时态的含义、与之连用的时间状语,然后要结合语境去分析。若有时间状语,抓住关键信息就可得出最佳答案。若没有时间状语,就要根据上下文中其他句子的时态去分析4学习动词的时态时，且不可脱离实际运用的语言，一味死记硬背语法规则的条条框框。 5答题时，研读题干，搜索处尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是动词冗余信息中的时间信息。【巩固精练】1.He stepped into the office, _down and began to fill in the forms.A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it2.She said she would telephone but we _from her so far.A .havent heard B. didnt hear C. hadnt heard D. wont hear3.When I got to the cinema, the film_ for ten minutes.A. has begun B. had begun C. had been on D. was4.Ill go with you as soon as I _my homework.A. will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. finished5.If it _tomorrow, I wont go to the cinema.A. will rain B. rains C. is raining D. rained6.She is going to be a nurse when she _up.A. is going to grow B. grows C. growing D. grew7.下列四句是“这本书我已经买了三个月了。”的英译文，哪一种不对？A.I have had this book for three months.B.I have bought this book for three months.C.I bought this book three months ago.D. It is three months since I bought this book.8.Have you moved into the new house?No yet, the rooms_,A. are being painted B. are paintingC. are painted D. are being painting9.Do you know our town at all?No, this is the first time I _here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am ing10.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _office soon.A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left11.Can I join the club, Dad?You can when you _a bit older.A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got12._the sports meet might be put off.Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D.I told13.You dont need to describe her, I_ her many times.A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet14.I dont think Jim saw me; he _into space.A. just stared B. was is staring C. has just stared D. had just stared15.Who is Jerry Cooper?_?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A. Dont you meet him yet B. Hadnt you meet him yetC. Didnt you meet him yet D. Havent you met him yet答案与简析：1.选C。该句的含义是“他走进办公室，坐下来然后开始填表”。根据前面的stepped into the office后面的began to fill in the forms这两个动作能够推断出，sat与他们是一个主语发出的三个并列动作，故形式应一致，也用一般过去式。 2.选A。 3.选C。在这个时间状语从句中，主句谓语动词的动作发生在从句谓语动作之前，即“电影开演了十分钟”在“到达电影院”之前，故主句谓语动词应该用过去完成时，又因为begin这个动作无法延续，所以用be动词加上副词on来表示动作的延续。 4.选B。当主句是一般将来时，条件状语从句和时间状语从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 5.选B。 6.选B。 7.选B。现在完成时的肯定句和段时间状语连用时必须用持续性动词。本题A、B两句都是现在完成时肯定句，而且都有时间状语。have是持续性动词，而buy是瞬时性动词，所以A对，B不对。C、D两种译法采用一般过去式，其两种说说法也都是正确的，请同学们注意这种表达方法。 8.选A。答话中的not yet，说明没搬入新房的原因是“房间正在被粉刷。”用现在进行时的被动语态。9.B。It/This is+序数词+time+ that的句型中，that从句常用现在完成时。10.选B。soon这一信息词告诉考生应选择将来时。且主句的谓语动词是made,故用过去将来时。全句意思是：“当他表明不久将离任时，我们都觉得吃惊。”11.A 12. 选A。原题中的it all depends on the weather这一信息句可告诉考生，应用现在完成时的被动语态，表示与现在有联系。13.选B。强调过去的动作“见过她”对现在的影响“不必再描述她了”，要用现在完成时。14.选B。这句话可理解为I dont think Jim saw me at that time, because at that time, he was just staring into space. stare既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，意思“凝视，盯着看”。15.选D。从“Who is Jerry Cooper?”可知，填D项。因为，现在完成时，指发生在过去的事（下文已告之）与上文一般现在时有联系。