2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习话题语篇专攻练23文化习俗一外研版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习话题语篇专攻练23文化习俗一外研版. 阅读理解A(xx洛阳模拟)Living in a culture that is different from your own can be both an exciting and challenging experience. The following are six cultural differences between China and the US to help promote mutual understanding. _Chinese people do not have the same concept of privacy as Americans do. They talk about topics such as ages, ine or marital status, which Americans think is annoying and disturbing. FamilyIn China, elders are traditionally treated with great respect while the young are cared for. In America, the goal of the family is to encourage independence, particularly that of the children. Unlike the Chinese, older Americans seldom live with their children. FriendsChinese people have different meanings to define friends. Just hanging out together time to time is not friendship. Friendship means lifelong friends who feel it deeply necessary to give each other whatever help might seem required. Americans always call people they meet friends, so the definition of friends is general and different. There are work friends, playing friends, school friends and drinking friends. MoneyAs is well known, the Chinese like to save. They are always conservative when they are planning to spend money. It is different in the US, where far fewer families are saving money for emergencies and education than their Chinese counterparts(对应面). EducationChinese people value education and career more than Americans, who in turn put more emphasis on good character and faith. Team VS IndividualBasically China values the munity and the US values the individual. If you achieve something in the US, its because you are great. While in China, if you achieve something its because the team, or family, or pany is great. Everything you do gets attributed to the greater whole, while in America individual merits(功绩)are celebrated. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了中国人和美国人的文化差异。1. Which is the most appropriate word to show the first cultural difference? A. Privacy. B. Ine. C. Age. D. Marriage. 【解析】选A。段落大意题。根据第二段第一句Chinese people do not have the same concept of privacy as Americans do. 中国人没有像美国人一样的隐私概念, 故选A。2. Which is TRUE according to the passage? A. American parents seldom live with their children. B. There is no friendship between American people drinking together. C. Chinese people are usually generous with money to spend. D. Americans value good character and faith in terms of education. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据Education部分可知中国人比美国人更重视教育和事业, 而美国人更加重视良好的品格和信仰, 故选D。3. Which one is similar to the underlined phrase? A. is attached toB. brings inC. is promoted toD. results in【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据本段Team VS Individual可知在中国, 如果你取得了优异的成绩, 会被归因于集体, 家庭或者公司的辛勤培育。可知画线词组的意思是: 被归因于, 故选A。BIf you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are. Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to(料理), and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety. The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card(住宿登记卡)to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge. The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate(价钱). From then on, they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly(相应地). With so many loopholes(漏洞)in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take“petty advantages”. But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always e back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”. In a society of such high moral practice, what need is there for people to be on guard against others? 【文章大意】文章通过出租车、酒店、工人等介绍了芬兰人民的“愚蠢”, 来表明并赞美了芬兰社会的和谐, 人民的思想觉悟高。4. While taking a taxi in Finland, _. A. a passenger can go anywhere without having to pay the driverB. a passenger pays two US dollars for a taxi rideC. a passenger can never be refused by the taxi driver wherever he wants to goD. a passenger needs to provide good faith demonstration(证明)before leaving without paying【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第二段的“You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place. . . ”可知你可以一个人去任何地方, 告诉司机在任何一个地方让你下车故选C。5. We know from the passage that big hotels in Finland_. A. are mostly poorly managedB. provide meals for any dinersC. provide free wine and charge for foodD. provide meals for only those who live in the hotels【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. ”所有大旅馆的餐厅不仅给顾客提供服务, 同样服务外面的就餐者。故选B。6. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The workers in Finland are paid by the hour. B. The workers are always honest with their working hours. C. The workers and their bosses will make an agreement in advance about the pay. D. The bosses in Finland are too busy to check the working hours of their employees. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章的第四、五段可知, 选项D中所提到的老板不核对雇员的工作时间并不是因为他们太忙, 而是因为雇员都诚实地上报自己的工作时间, 人们互相信任, 就不需要核对了。故选D。7. The word“those”in the last but one paragraph probably refers to_. A. people who are dishonestB. people who often have meals in big hotelsC. people who often take taxisD. people who are worthy of trust【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“With so many loopholes in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to takepetty advantage. ”在日常生活中有这么多漏洞的情况下, 芬兰肯定会是那些爱贪小便宜的人的天堂。故选A。. 完形填空You and I agree to meet at four-thirty. I show up at 4: 33. I dont say anything, because thats close enough to satisfy our social_1_. Only after five minutes do you_2_me to say, “Sorry Im late. ”At ten minutes I owe you an_3_: “The freeway exit was closed. I had to go four miles out of my way. ”After twenty minutes I have to make a full and serious_4_. After forty minutes Id better not_5_at all. That sort of thingso formally_6_and never explicitly stateddrives people from other cultures_7_. Anthropologists(人类学家)list the_8_things to cope with in a foreign land. Second only to the language barrier is the way we deal with_9_. Now psychologists look at our_10_of time another way. They go into several countries and measure the_11_of life. They measure the accuracy of bank clocks and how fast city residents walk. They time transactions(交易)in banks and post offices. They see_12_people take to answer questions. Japanese keep a_13_of the fastest pace. Americans are a_14_second. Italians and Indonesians are at the bottom of the_15_. Italians give long answers to your questions. Indonesians dont_16_setting their bank clocks. _17_American cities, Boston and Kansas City are fastest. New York is up there, of course, but we keep a faster pace here in Houston. Californias“slow-pace”reputation is_18_, as the slowest pace of all is kept in Los Angeles. In a technology-dense world, the tension of life has changed our view of time. _19_, if we are smart enough, we should not live by the clock only when we have to. Now its 4: 55. Im walking_20_, towards our 4: 30 meeting. 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。谈论了不同国家的人对待时间的不同态度。1. A. contractB. connectionC. constructionD. confidence【解析】选A。迟到几分钟不会和我们的社会契约习惯相悖。contract合同, 契约, 关系; connection联系; construction建设; confidence信心, 自信。故A正确。2. A. orderB. intendC. requireD. expect【解析】选D。句意: 迟到五分钟以上你才会期望着(expect)我说, “对不起, 我来晚了。”故选D项。3. A. actionB. announcementC. explanationD. eruption【解析】选C。迟到十分钟, 我就应该给你一个解释, 下一句为解释的内容。action行动; announcement宣布; explanation解释; eruption爆发。故选C项。4. A. apologyB. excuseC. optionD. opinion【解析】选A。如果迟到20分钟, 我就应该严肃正式地向你道歉(apology)。5. A. look upB. stay upC. keep upD. show up【解析】选D。如果迟到了40分钟, 那么就不要出现了。look up查找; stay up熬夜, 屹立不倒; keep up保持; show up出现。故D正确。6. A. observedB. introducedC. impressedD. imitated【解析】选A。这样的事情被遵守, 但却从没有被明确地规定。observe遵守; 观察; 庆祝; introduce介绍, 引进; impress留下印象; imitate模仿。故A正确。7. A. immoralB. unawareC. crazyD. thrilled【解析】选C。因为来自不同文化的人对时间的概念不一样, 别的文化背景的人常常会因此而抓狂。immoral不道德的; unaware没有意识的; crazy疯狂的; thrilled兴奋的。故选C。8. A. fastestB. toughestC. strangestD. funniest【解析】选B。从本段最后可知语言障碍和对待时间的态度是我们在国外最难以处理的两件事情。fastest最快的; toughest最困难的; strangest最奇怪的; funniest最滑稽的。故选B。9. A. studyB. timeC. budgetD. transport【解析】选B。根据文章第一段内容可知, 人们对待时间(time)的态度不太一样, 故选B项。10. A. viewB. mentC. contactD. phenomenon【解析】选A。句意: 现在心理学家以另外一个角度(view)看待我们的时间。故选A项。11. A. rhymeB. paceC. ratioD. session【解析】选B。考查固定短语。心理学家们去了好几个国家了解他们不同的生活节奏, the pace of life生活节奏。故选B项。12. A. how oftenB. how farC. how soonD. how long【解析】选D。考查特殊疑问词辨析。心理学家看人们回答问题所用的时间, 故选D。13. A. traditionB. noteC. recordD. secret【解析】选C。考查固定短语。日本人保持着最快的生活节奏的记录。keep a record of. . . 保持的记录。故选C项。14. A. narrowB. shallowC. closeD. severe【解析】选C。close紧密的, 接近的; 日本是世界上生活节奏最快的国家, 美国紧随其后排名第二。15. A. moodB. addressC. referenceD. list【解析】选D。list名单, 意大利和印度尼西亚在名单的最后。故D正确。16. A. take overB. care aboutC. reply toD. answer for【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。take over接管; care about关心; reply to回答; answer for回应。句意: 印尼人不关心他们的时间, 故选B。17. A. OffB. AmongC. DespiteD. Besides【解析】选B。考查语境逻辑。句意: 在美国的城市中, 波士顿和堪萨斯城是节奏最快的。among表示三者及三者以上的事物之间, 故B正确。18. A. ruinedB. acplishedC. erasedD. deserved【解析】选D。考查语境逻辑。根据后半句as the slowest pace of all is kept in Los Angeles. 洛杉矶是节奏最慢的美国城市, 而洛杉矶位于加利福尼亚州, 所以加利福尼亚州的慢节奏的名声是应得的。故D正确。19. A. HoweverB. ThereforeC. ThusD. Rather【解析】选A。上下句之间是转折关系, 所以使用however。故A正确。20. A. consistentlyB. unconsciouslyC. unhurriedlyD. anxiously【解析】选C。consistently一致地; unconsciously无意识地; unhurriedly不着急的; anxiously焦虑地。根据上一段“if we are smart enough, we should not live by the clock only when we have to. ”我们可以推断: 我不紧不慢去赴约, 故C正确。. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(xx洛阳模拟)In the middle of April, if you walk through Jinghong, 1. _capital of Xishuangbanna region in Yunnan Province, 2. _(chance)are that youll get very, very wet. The Dai people will be celebrating their water-splashing festival from April 15 to 17, marking the new year for the Dai ethnic minority. Lonely Planet, one of the worlds 3. _(large)travel brands, has described what happens: “People race around the streets of Jinghong and the surrounding villages, soaking(浸透)every person 4. _sight with buckets of water. ”5. _(tradition), water would be collected and poured only on family members as a symbolic way 6. _(ensure)good luck in the ing year. Dai people believe that the wetter you get, the luckier you will be. Although water 7. _(play)a vital role in the celebration, there is much more to the festival, especially during the first two days 8. _water splashing is paratively kept under control, according to Lonely Planet. People wear their best clothes, while older women in nearby villages 9. _(dress)in special costumes. They gather with their families and visit Dai temple. There, they wash the statues of Buddha with water, a practice 10. _(know)as“Bathing the Buddha”. 【文章大意】本文讲述了云南西双版纳的傣族节日“泼水节。”1. 【解析】the。考查冠词。特指西双版纳首府景洪。2. 【解析】chances。考查名词。chances are that. . . 很可能。3. 【解析】largest。考查形容词。根据句意: “孤独的星球是世界上最大的旅游品牌之一”, 这里用形容词最高级。4. 【解析】in。考查介词。此处表示看得见的人用in sight。5. 【解析】Traditionally。副词修饰整个句子。6. 【解析】to ensure。不定式表目的。7. 【解析】plays。句意: 尽管水在庆祝会上扮演重要角色, 但是对节日来说还有更重要的。根据上下文可知本文用的是一般现在时, 故填plays。8. 【解析】when。在这里the first two days作先行词, 后面是定语从句, 先行词在定语从句中作时间状语, 故使用when。9. 【解析】are dressed。固定词组be dressed in“穿着”, 再根据上下文可知本文用的是一般现在时, 故填are dressed。10. 【解析】known。固定词组be known as“作为而出名”。challengingadj. 挑战性的promotev. 促进mutualadj. 双方的annoyingadj. 恼人的independencen. 独立attend to料理registration card住宿登记卡show up现身explicitlyadv. 明确地barriern. 障碍