2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题三阅读理解考点二十说理议论类.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题三阅读理解考点二十说理议论类限时7分It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are being horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would bee fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter.Road politeness is not only good manners, butgood sense. It takes the most coolheaded drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand， a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and bees so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such behavior of politeness is by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. A typical example is the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oning cars that may not be able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to.An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless， told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in a traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers cant even learn todrive, let alonemaster the roadmanship (公路驾车技能). Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more giveandtake (互谅互让) from all road users.It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.1The passage mainly talks about _.Atraffic jamsBgood mannersCroad politeness Dmodern drivers答案C主旨大意题。根据全文的整体内容可知，本文主要讨论了驾驶员行车安全及礼仪的问题，故选C。2Troubles on the road are often caused by _.Atraffic jamsBthe behavior of the driversCthe great speed of modern lifeDterrible road conditions答案B推理判断题。根据第一段首句“It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and thegreat speed of modern life, but manners on the road are being horrible.”可推知，路上的麻烦大多是由驾驶员的不良行为引起的，行车礼仪问题正变得越来越严峻，故选B。3According to the writer, a good driver should _.Aencourage children to cross the roadwhenever they want toBbeat back when forced to face rude drivingCbe able to recognize politeness when he sees it Djoin in a traffic stream quickly however other people feel答案C推理判断题。根据第二段的最后两句“But suchbehavior of politeness is by no means enough. Many driversnowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.”可推知，一个好的驾驶员应该能够认可道路礼貌行为，故选C。4It is not always right for drivers to _.Amaster the roadmanshipBneglect politeness when they see itCgive a friendly nod in answer to an act of politenessDencourage old ladies to cross the road whenever and wherever they want to答案D细节理解题。根据第三段首句“However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous.”和最后一句“The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to.”可知，对于司机们来说，鼓动老妇人随时随地过马路并不总是正确的，故选D。1horrible adj. 可怕的2.desire n. 渴望3faultless adj. 无缺点的；完美的1on the other hand 另一方面2by no means 决不原文：It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.(固定句式It is (high) time for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说(早)到了做某事的时间了。)译文：是我们所有人该用心记住这句话的时候了。仿写：It_is_high_time for you to clean the room.该是你打扫房间的时候了。B限时8分To Friend or Not To FriendWe all love our parents and turn to them when were in need, but would you like them to hear the conversations you have with your friends on the school playground or lunch queue? Social networking sites have bee extensions of the school hallways, so would you add your parents as “friends” and allow them to view your online activities and conversations with friends?In the past the generation gap included a technology gap, where children were up to date with latest technology and parents were left behind, content to continue their day to day lives as they always had because they had no need to know more about technology. However, more and more parents are beginning to realize just how important social networks are in their lives. This realization has given many parents the motivation to educate themselves about social networking sites.These days many people are attracted to social networking sites because they can choose who they have around them; theres also a certain amount of control over privacy that we dont get in real life. Sometimes we feel that privacy is violated when we must accept a “friend” request from a parent or family member.Its a difficult choice whether or not to allow a parent to bee a part of our online lives. On the one hand we dont want to “reject” their request because that might hurt their feelings or make them feel you have something to hide. On the other hand if you do accept, then you could have a sense of being watched and no longer feel free to ment or municate the way you did before.A recent survey suggested that parents shouldnt take it personally if their child ignores their request, “When a teen ignores a parents friend request, it doesnt necessarily mean that they are hiding something, but it could mean that this is one part of their life where they want to be independent.”Perhaps talking with parents and giving explanations would help soften the blow if you do choose not to add them to your friends list.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。现在很多父母进入社交网络，希望加孩子为好友，进入孩子们的网络生活。此时孩子面临两难的选择。文章认为，如果孩子们拒绝父母的请求，表明孩子们想独立，但他们应向父母沟通和解释。5From Paragraph 2, we learn that _.Aparents feel secure about their privacy onlineBsocial networks successfully fill the generation gapCparents have realized the importance of social networksDsocial networks offer a platform for parents to municate答案C细节理解题。根据第二段后两句“However, more and more parents are beginning to realize just how important social networks are in their lives. This realization has given many parents the motivation.”可知，父母已经意识到社交网络的重要性。故选C。6Teenagers may refuse a parents friend request because _.Athey hide something from their parentsBthey are unwilling to be watched by parentsCtheir parents tend to fall behind in technologyDtheir parents make negative ments on them答案B细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“On the other hand if you do accept, then you could have a sense of being watched and no longer feel free to .”可知，青少年可能会拒绝父母加好友的请求，因为他们不愿意被父母监视着自己的一举一动。故选B。7The passage is mainly about _.Aprivacy onlineBsocial networksCthe generation gap Dparents friend requests答案D主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，这篇文章是关于现在很多父母进入社交网站，希望加孩子为好友，但是这样的要求往往被孩子拒绝，因为他们不想被父母监视着，父母对此也不必难过。故选D。8The passage is written mainly for _.AparentsBteenagersCteachersDresearchers答案B推理判断题。根据文章的第一段第一句中的“We all love our parents and turn to them when were in need，”以及最后一段给青少年的建议可知，本文的写作对象是广大青少年。故选B。1extension n. 伸展，扩大2.privacy n. 隐私3reject vt. 拒绝4.ignore vt. 忽略，忽视1up to date 拥有(或包含)最新信息的；最近的2a certain amount of 一定数量的原文：Perhaps talking with parents and giving explanations would help soften the blow if you do choose not to add them to your friends list.(if引导条件句)译文：如果你选择不加父母为好友的话，最好跟他们交谈并且解释一下，这样会减少他们受到的打击。仿写：I will stay at home reading books if_it_rains.如果下雨我就待在家里读书。C限时7分A dog might be mans best friend but my dogs are more like my kids! I think everyone should experience the unconditional love of a dog, but owning one is not for the nervousness. Its workespecially when it es to the job of cleaning up their waste. When you clean up after your dog your neighbors will love you for keeping those smelly land mines (地雷) out of their yards. But there are even bigger benefits. Youll not only be doing your part to keep bacteria out of your yard and neighborhood, but youre also keeping harmful microorganisms (微生物) away from our drinking water supply.There are more than 77 million pet dogs in the United States and their waste is found in backyards, neighborhood parks, and the green areas that frequently line small waterways. When you dont clean up after your dog, heavy rain can carry bacteria from the waste into drains (下水道). Dog waste left in parks and other such places can be swept directly into nearby streams. This affects the quality of the water in our creeks and streams but thats not all. These small channels often empty directly into our local drinking water supply or the water where we boat or fish.Dog waste contains harmful microorganisms like roundworms that can be passed onto humans. This is why dog waste should not be used as fertilizer (肥料) around your home. And it wont fertilize the yard if you leave it behind either like other types of manure. Dogs dont eat the same kinds of natural material that cattle, horses or even elephants eat. The waste from those animals is actually beneficial for your yard and garden.You should always pick up after your dog and throw the waste in the trash can. Some smaller cities might prefer the waste to be flushed down the toilet, but in cities where there are many dogs, its best to send the waste to the landfill (垃圾填埋场)When you properly dispose of your dogs waste youll be doing your part to keep harmful bacteria out of our yards, our neighborhoods, and our drinking water. Not to mention off the bottom of our shoes.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。作者在文章中阐述了养狗就应该清理狗的粪便的观点，从原因、好处、方法等方面进行了阐述。9The authors purpose of writing the passage is to _.Aintroduce ways of making the environment cleanBwarn dog owners the trouble dograising bringsCargue that its your duty to clean up your dogs wasteDcriticize those who ignore their dogs waste答案C推理判断题。这是一篇议论文，作者认为清理自己的宠物狗的粪便是一份责任，是应该做的。故C项正确。10What do you know from Paragraph 1?AThe authors dog is as lovely as his/her child.BDog waste can pollute drinking water.CLand mines are humans waste.DOwning a dog must make you nervous.答案B细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句话可知：狗的粪便会污染饮用水。故B项正确。11Which of the following statements is similar to the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?ADont refer to the harmful bacteria on the bottom of our shoes.BIts useless mentioning the dogs waste on the bottom of our shoes.CDont forget to clean the dogs waste on the bottom of our shoes.DIts certain that we wont step on it if you pick up your dogs waste.答案D句意猜测题。Not to mention意为“更不用说”。与D项的内容相符：如果你清理了你的狗狗的粪便，那么我们肯定不会踩到它。故D项正确。1bacteria n. 细菌2.affect v. 影响1clean up 打扫；收拾2keep.away from (使)远离；不接近；避开3leave.behind 留下；丢弃4not to mention 更不用说原文：When you properly dispose of your dogs waste youll be doing your part to keep harmful bacteria out of our yards, our neighborhoods, and our drinking water.(时间状语从句)译文：当你恰当地处理掉狗的粪便时，你就在尽自己的职责来让有害的细菌远离我们的庭院、社区和饮用水。仿写：What were you doing when_the_accident_happened?事故发生时你在做什么？D限时8分When asked to identify the qualities that lead to success in life, experts often list the ability to overe obstacles. Getting over the difficulties, through determination and persistence， is the characteristic of the greatest leaders, the most successful parents and the most prized employees. Those who make no excuses, who do whatever it takes to get something done, are the ones who have the capacity to achieve greatness.In education, we focus a lot on meeting our students needs.Its our job to teach them.But to truly help them be successful, we ourselves have to have the “no excuses”attitude.The problem is that by allowing ourselves no excuses, and doing whatever it takes to make students successful, we often find ourselves accepting excuses from them. Students dont plete an assignment, and we give them a second chance. A test is failed and we provide a chance to retake it, or do test corrections for extra credit.But theres always a reason for a childs behavior. Its important to understand the reason, but its equally important to remember that a reason is not an excuse.Theres a girl in my class with terrible handwriting. “Maybe if I had a mother who had taught me that, I would have better handwriting！” she says.She has been in and out of foster care (寄养照管) for years. She has an explanation for her bad handwriting, but when does it bee an excuse that reduces her ability to municate for the rest of her life?We must understand the kids and work to find ways for them to succeed.Simultaneously (同时), we must draw lines, set limits, show them the difference between right and wrong. The real work is figuring out when we stop letting reasons be excuses, and start to teach kids about taking responsibility for themselves.Maybe there is failure on the path to success.Sometimes a child has to fail in order to discover the line that he cannot cross.篇章导读：本文是议论文，主要介绍教师在教育学生的过程中要培养他们“不找借口”的态度，使他们对自己的言行负责。12The example of the girl in Paragraph 4 shows that _.Achildren cant tell a reason from an excuseBchildren need to improve their ability to municateCchildrens behavior is greatly affected by their parentsDchildren have reasonable explanations for their behavior答案A推理判断题。结合第三段中的“but its equally important to remember that a reason is not an excuse”可知，记住原因不是借口也是同等重要的，因此下一段举出了一个女孩的例子，这个例子说明了孩子们往往分不清借口和原因，故选A。13What is a teachers real work in the authors opinion?ATo show kids the difference between right and wrong.BTo help kids bee responsible for themselves.CTo set specific limits to the behavior of kids.DTo meet the needs of different kids.答案B细节理解题。从倒数第二段末句“The real work isfiguring out when we stop letting reasons be excuses, andstarttoteach kids about taking responsibility for themselves.”可知，一个教师真正的工作是弄清楚什么时候停止让理由变成借口并开始教孩子们要对他们自己负责，故选B。14What does the author try to express in the last paragraph?AChildren should try to avoid failure.BFailure may benefit children in the long run.CChildren should be careful on their way to success.DFailure is easy to conquer if children are confident.答案B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Sometimes achild has to fail in order to discover the line that he cannotcross.”可以推断，从长远来看，让孩子经历失败并不一定是坏事，故选B。15The passage is probably written by _.Aa working parent Ba college studentCan experienced teacherDa newspaper reporter答案C推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句“In education, we focusa lot on meeting our students needs. Its our job to teachthem.”以及第四段首句“Theres a girl in my class withterrible handwriting.”可推知，这篇文章很可能是由一个有经验的教师写的。1identify v. 确认；识别2persistence n. 坚持3capacity n. 才能；性能；容量1focus on 致力于；聚焦于2figure out 解决；计算出原文：When asked to identify the qualities that lead to success in life, experts often list the ability to overe obstacles.(状语从句的省略)译文：当被问及生活中导致成功的品质时，专家们常列举出克服障碍的能力这一点。仿写：If_properly_treated,_waste will do no harm to the environment.如果处理恰当，垃圾是不会对环境造成危害的。A限时8分xx北京高考Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are being an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to e from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility， college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself bothintellectually (在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning. Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college munity (群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and plex munity.Moreover， the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined (规定) and controlled,the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged. It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about munity values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of studentautonomy and selfregulation, of the necessary tension between safety and selfdiscovery.篇章导读：本文是议论文，题材为学校教育。大学时期应该是学生成长的一个重要时期，学生应在这段时期学会独立和发现。但是现在的大学时期却成了青春期的延续，很多大学没有教给学生独立，也没有让学生学会发现。家长也不应该过多地干预学生的大学生活，否则对学生们培养独立自主能力和发展智力很不利。1Whats the authors attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?ASympathetic.BDisapproving.CSupportive.DNeutral.答案B推理判断题。根据第一段可知，作者不赞同大学生继续接受父母的指导。sympathetic同情的；disapproving不赞成的，不同意的；supportive支持的；neutral中立的。2The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means “_”AchangeBchoiceCtextDextension答案A词义猜测题。根据语境可知此处表达的是“大学时期应该是一个从家庭庇护到独立和承担成人责任的转化时期”，所以答案为A。3According to the author, what role should college play?ATo develop a shared identity among students.BTo define and regulate students social behavior.CTo provide a safe world without tension for students.DTo foster students intellectual and personal development.答案D推理判断题。根据第三段的第一、二句话可知，大学要做的是提高学生的思维能力和个人能力。答案为D。4Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I：IntroductionP：PointSp：Subpoint (次要点)C：Conclusion答案C篇章结构题。文章第一段引入主题，第二段描述了大学时期是怎样变成青春期的延续的，第三段提出如何解决这一问题，第四段和第五段提出了解决这个问题的原因，最后进行总结。故选C。1responsibility n. 责任2.moreover adv. 而且；此外1thanks to 幸亏；由于2.rely on 依靠；取决于原文：However, now they are being an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.(“介词关系代词”型定语从句)译文：然而，现在的大学时期却成了青春期的延续，在这期间许多学生并没有肩负起成年人的责任。仿写：I appreciated Tom very much, without_whose_help I couldnt solve the problem.我非常感激汤姆，没有他的帮助我不可能解决这个问题。B限时6分xx天津高考People arent walking any moreif they can figure out a way to avoid it.I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my carto mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I usedthe car. And I wasnt in any hurry, either. I had merely bee onemore victim of a national sickness: motorosis.It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune (免疫的), for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own twolegs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as a good days walk and theability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength andskill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effectwas lasting. When I was 45 years old I racedand beata