2019年高考总复习 语言基础知识 考点归纳拓展 Module 1 British and American English 外研版必修5.doc

2019年高考总复习 语言基础知识 考点归纳拓展 Module 1 British and American English 外研版必修5confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的经典例句Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing.有时候同一个单词的含义有微小的差别， 这可能会让人感到困惑。 (1)(2)(3)【巧学助记】I always confuse you with your brother.You are so much alike.我老是把你和你弟弟弄混了。你们那么像。They asked me so many questions that I got confused.他们问了我许许多多的问题，把我弄糊涂了。He stopped _ as everyone turned to look at him.当大家掉头看他时，他困惑地停了下来。答案in confusion语境巧记They confused me by asking so many confusing questions.I was totally confused, standing there in confusion, not knowing what to do.他们提了一大堆令人费解的问题， 把我难住了。我稀里糊涂， 迷茫地站在那儿， 全然不知所措。pare v比较，匹敌，比喻；相比经典例句We carefully pared the first report with the second.我们仔细比较了第一份报告和第二份报告。(1)(2)beyond/without pare 无与伦比，不可及He pared his girlfriend to the moon in a poem.他在一首诗中把他女朋友比作月亮。Surprisingly, _(与相比) those in poor health or who had low ines, respondents who enjoyed good health or ine were associated with expecting a greater decline.(xx湖北阅读理解E)令人吃惊的是，与身体不健康或是收入不高的回答者相比，身体好或收入高的回答者与预期更大的身体器官功能衰退联系在一起。To our surprise ，the beauty of the West Lake is _.令我们吃惊的是，西湖的美是无与伦比的。答案pared withbeyond pare【巧学助记】differ vi.不同，有区别；相异；意见不同经典例句It is obvious that their opinions to the 3rd Plenum of the 18th munist Party of China differ in many ways.很明显他们对十八届三中全会的看法在很多方面不同。(1)differ from.与不同differ in. 在方面不同differ with sb on/ about sth对某事与某人意见不同(2)different adj. 不同的，有差异的be different from. 不同于(3)difference n. 差异，差别make a/no difference 有/无影响The two theories differ from each other in many ways.这两种理论彼此间的不同是多方面的。Everyone wants to _ others, as a result, everyone is alike.每个人都想和别人不一样，结果是每个人都一样。Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference，too.(xx安徽阅读理解B)思考一下我们每天用水的方式也能产生重大影响。答案be different fromadd vi.& vt.加； 增加； 补充说经典例句 Call immediately to add these Silver Eagles to your holdings before its too late.(xx福建阅读理解C)在还来得及之前立即打电话把这些鹰银元加到你的财产中。(1)add up把加起来add.to. 把加到/进里add up to 加起来共计/ 达(2)add that. 补充说It is reported that sales on Alibaba, the nations largest mercial group, add up to RMB 35bn ($5.7bn) on Singles day this year.据报道中国最大电子商务集团阿里巴巴(Alibaba)在今年光棍节这一天的销售额共计达350亿元人民币(合57亿美元)。Merkel added that she wanted action from Obama, not just apologetic words.默克尔还称，她希望看到奥巴马的实际行动，而不仅仅是道歉声明。【易混辨析】 add to, add.to.add to指“添加， 增添”， 其宾语多为困难、欢乐等抽象名词 add.to.指“把加到上”， 其宾语多为具体名词语境填词His illness _ the familys trouble.Linda _ some milk _ the coffee.答案added toadded；to【巧学助记】78899？add upadd up topresent v陈述；提出；赠送；颁发adj.出现的；出席的；现在的n.礼物；赠品；现在经典例句I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.(xx湖北阅读理解A)我意识到如果我一直呆在相机后面为了未来的生活忙于保存现在，生活就会从我身边溜走。(1)present向某人赠送某物(2)(3)It is said that a number of personalities ，such as Fan Bingbing，Sun Yang ，will be present at the meeting tomorrow.据说明天一些名人像范冰冰、孙杨将出席会议。 On Teachers Day, we students usually _ to express our gratitude.教师节这一天，我们学生通常向我们的老师献花来表达我们的感激之情。答案present flowers to our teachers名师点睛 present用作形容词，作“现在的，目前的”讲时，常作前置定语；作“出席的，在场的”讲时，常作后置定语。语境巧记Everyone present at the meeting presented their views, and they were all presented with a beautiful present.出席会议的人都陈述了自己的观点，他们都获赠了一份精美的礼物。【巧学助记】attempt n努力，尝试，企图vt.尝试，企图经典例句Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a pany and the general public was unusual for that time.(xx山东阅读理解D) 那时在公司和公众之间建立一种积极的关系这样的尝试是不寻常的。(1)in an attempt to do sth 为了做某事(2)He succeeded in passing the driving test at his first attempt.他第一次尝试就通过了驾照考试。The old couple had set aside other feelings in an attempt to hold the family together.老两口把别的感情都撇在一边，设法把这个家庭捏在一起。It is reported that a passenger plane crashed at an airport in the Russian city of Kazan in November 17th,xx when it _. 据报道一架客机于2013年11月17日在俄罗斯喀山市机场试图降落时坠毁。答案attempted to land / made an attempt to land集 训 中 心.单词拼写1It is o_that even if we save much energy, we can only delay the energy crisis.2The suspect a_to destroy the evidence of his crime to get away with the punishment.3Ladies and gentlemen, I have an a_to make.4The instructions on the box are so c_that Ive done it all wrong.5How many people were _(出席)at the meeting yesterday?6British English and American English _(不同) in many ways.7My teacher _(批评)my making mistakes.8The airline has strict safety _(标准)答案1.obvious2.attempted3.announcement4.confusing5.present6.differ7.criticised8.standards.单项填空1(xx湖北八市高三调考)The plan was so shallow and impractical that no serious _ was ever made to realize it.Arecognition BmentCattempt Dcredit答案C考查名词辨析。句意：这个计划如此的肤浅和不切实际，以至于没有人认真地尝试去实现它。make an attempt to do sth“尝试去做某事”，因此选C。ment“议论，评论”；recognition“认出”；credit“赞扬”。2(原创)_ the sales on last years Singles day, the sales on Alibaba almost doubled this year.Abined with BCooperated withCpared with DConsumed with答案C句意：与去年光棍节的销售额相比，今年阿里巴巴的销售额几乎翻了一番。pared with表示“与相比”，符合句意。bined with“同时从事(两件完全不同的事)”；cooperated with“协作，合作”；consumed with“被(某种情感)所折磨”。3(xx贵州高三联考)Things in the world differ _ each other in countless ways.Awith Bin Cfrom Dby答案C考查介词用法。differ from为固定搭配，意为“与不同”。句意：在很多方面，世界上的东西都存在着差异。4The engine of the bus was out of order, and the bad weather _ the worries of the passengers.Aadded up Badded toCresulted from Dmade of答案B句意为“公交车的引擎出了毛病， 糟糕的天气更增加了乘客的烦恼”。add up“把加起来”； add to“增加”； result from“起因于”； (be) made of“由制成”。5In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments，a student should _ his findings in logical order and clear languageAremark Braise Cpresent Dput答案C句意：在准备科学实验报告时，学生应该用逻辑的构思、清晰的语言陈述自己的研究发现。presentstate 表述，阐述。remark 评论，讲话； raise 提高； put 放置。由题意可知选C。6(xx乐山二诊)_ what he said, I didnt know how to answer.AConfused by BConfused withCConfusing by DConfusing with答案A考查分词作状语。句意：对他说的话感到很迷惑，我不知道如何回答。 be confused by.对感到迷惑，故用过去分词。 故选A。核 心 短 语have.in mon有相同的特点，有共同之处经典例句It seems that number sense is something we have in mon with many animals in this world.(xx广东完形填空)看起来在这个世界上我们和许多动物之间的数字感知方面有相同之处。(1)(2)in mon with.与一样His latest two novels have many things in mon.他最新的两部小说有很多相似之处。_， she applied for a training place.她已和许多人一起申请参加训练。We have nothing in mon, so we couldnt bee friends.我们没有共同之处，所以我们不会是朋友。答案In mon with many otherslead to引起；导致；通向经典例句You may wonder how paving a road can lead to less useable fresh water.(xx安徽阅读理解B)你可能想知道铺砌一条路会导致可用的淡水减少。I want to know what it was that led you to take up acting as a career.我想知道是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的。Only in socialist countries can the people _.只有在社会主义国家，人民才能过上幸福的生活。答案lead a happy life【知识链接】 表示“引起，导致”的词汇还有：cause; result in; bring about; contribute to等。【易混辨析】lead to意为“引起，导致”时，主语是原因，宾语是结果，相当于result inlie in意为“在于”，主语是结果，宾语是原因，相当于result from语境填词The good result _ the correct methods，that is to say，correct methods _ the good result.答案lies in；lead to集 训 中 心.完成句子1A lack of confidence can _.缺乏自信会导致很多烦恼。2_.我们彼此有许多共同之处。3His teaching style _ that of most other teachers.他的教学风格和其他大多数教师的风格相似。4News soon _ that Rupert Murdoch and Wendi Deng had got divorced officially on November 20th,xx.邓文迪和默多克在2013年11月20日正式离婚消息很快传开了。5_， it is more successful than we have expected.由于他的努力，获得了比我们预期的更大的成功。6Too much work and too little rest often _.过量的工作和过少的休息经常会引起疾病。答案1.lead to a lot of suffering2.We have a lot in mon with each other3.is similar to4.got around5Thanks to his effort6.lead to illness.单项填空1(xx晋江四校联考)This problem may _ more serious ones if left unsolved.Ae across Brefer toCcarry on Dlead to答案D考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果不解决这个问题，它会导致更严重的问题。e across“(偶然)遇到”；refer to“指，意即，谈到，查阅”；carry on“继续”；lead to“导致，造成”。2(xx哈尔滨一中期中检测)Britain _ many other industrialized countries_ major changes over the last 100 years.Atogether with; have experiencedBas well as; have experiencedCin mon with; has experiencedDinstead of; has experienced答案C考查主谓一致。in mon with意为“和一样”，谓语动词单复数跟前面的主语保持一致。句意：与其他工业化国家一样，英国在过去100年里经历了重大的变化。A、B项第一空together with, as well as意思及用法与in mon with类似，均错在第二空；D项instead of意为“而不是”，不符合句意。3(xx四川卷)I make $2,000 a week, 60 surely wont make _ difference to me.Athat a big Ba that bigCbig a that Dthat big a答案D考查副词用法。副词that表示“那么”修饰形容词时的固定结构为：that adj.a/ann.，相当于so及how的用法，即that(so/how) adj.a/ann.。make that big a difference to me意为“对我产生那么大的影响”。故选D。4(xx眉山二诊)As we all know, it is human activity that _ the global warming.Ahas resulted from Bhave resulted fromChas led to Dhave led to答案C句意：众所周知，是人类的活动“导致(lead to)”了全球变暖。主句是强调句型，是对主语human activity的强调，谓语动词用单数，故选C项。result from“由于”，不合句意。核 心 句 型A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.一个伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。句中have difficulty (in) doing sth表示“在方面有困难(或麻烦)；做有困难”。We have much difficulty (in) understanding what he says.我们要理解他说的话有不少困难。(1)have some/much/great/no/little/a little difficulty(in) doing sth/with sth做某事有些/很多/巨大/没有/几乎没有/有点困难(2)Theres some/much difficulty(in)doing sth/with sth做某事有些/很困难To everyones surprise，there is no difficulty _.令大家惊奇的是，做出这些变化竟毫不费力。答案making the changes名师点睛 (1)have difficulty(in)doing sth做某事有困难，其中difficulty为不可数名词，介词in 可以省略。若 difficulty后跟名词时，介词in换成with。(2)difficulty可换成trouble, bother, problems, fun, a hard/good time等也可用于该结构等。We had quite a lot of bother (in) getting here because of the fog.因为有雾，我们费了很大的劲才到达这儿。(3)在考试中，常将have difficulty doing sth短语中的difficulty提前作先行词，因此定语从句中的谓语动词常为have doing形式。You cant imagine what great difficulty we have ever had dealing with the problems.你想像不到我们处理这些问题时所遇到的困难。By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever.到十九世纪五十年代， 每年售出一百万册， 使它成为最受欢迎的校园图书之一。making it one of the most popular school books ever为现在分词作结果状语，相当于一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句， 即：which made it one of the most popular school books ever, which指代前面整个句意。There were 25 countries taking part in the 9th China International Garden Expo, making it the greatest in the history.有25个国家参加了第九届中国国际园博会， 使之成为历史上规模最大的一次。It rained heavily, _.大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。答案causing severe flooding in that country名师点睛 现在分词作结果状语， 表示必然的结果， 有时其前可加thus; 而动词不定式作结果状语， 表示出乎意料的结果，有时为了加强语气， 还在其前加only, 即only to do。集 训 中 心.完成句子1He worked out the problem _.He _ the problem.他毫不费力地解出了这个问题。2Lucy married Tom last week, _.上周露西和汤姆结婚了， 结果使得杰克非常不开心。 答案1.without difficultyhad no difficulty working out2.making Jack very unhappy.单项填空1(xx泸洲二诊)The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ that the film stars had left.Ainforming Bto be informedCto inform Dinformed答案B考查非谓语动词作结果状语。句意：新闻记者匆忙赶到机场，结果却被告知那位影星已经离开了。此处表示一种出乎意料的结果，应用不定式作结果状语，inform与the news reporter之间为动宾关系，故选B。2(xx日照高三一模)The number of the foreign tourists to visit the US is expected to be more than 2 million by 20l5，_ 14 billion dollars to the US economy.Ato contribute BcontributingCcontributed Dto be contributing答案B考查非谓语动词。句意：到xx为止到美国的游客数目有望超过两百万，会对美国经济贡献140亿美元。现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。3(xx宿州模拟)Some students have trouble _ grammar while others have difficulty _ new words.Ain; remember Bwith; to rememberCon; remembering Dwith; remembering答案D句意：有的学生学语法困难，然而其他的同学有的记单词有困难。have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth/with sth “做某事有困难”。.单句改错1pared with the history，a mans lifetime is too limited._.2There was no difficulty in carry out the play._.答案1paredparing2.carrycarrying单 元 语 法复习动词的形式(1)1(xx江西师大附中，鹰潭一中高三联考)Mr Harry, we want to hear what you think about the reform being carried out in our school.OK, I _ to that.Aam ing Bhave eCcame De答案A考查时态。句意：“Harry先生，我们想听听你对于我们学校正在实施的改革的意见。”“好的，我正要讲到(那个事情)。”I am ing to that意为“我正要讲到(那个事情)”，符合语境。此处用现在进行时表示将来。2(xx安徽三所示范高中质量检查)The police have put up posters around the city with photos of the man they _ in connection with the killing of a customer outside a bank.Aseek Bare seekingChave sought Dhave been seeking答案B考查时态。句意：警方在全城张贴了他们正在搜寻的那个男人的照片，那个男人与一起在银行外发生的谋杀案有关。根据句意可知，seek这个动作正在进行，所以用现在进行时。3(xx绵阳二诊)When _ Flight A391 leave?It _ at 8：30, but you should check in half an hour ahead of time.Adoes; will Bdoes; leavesCwill; leaves Dwill; will leave答案C考查时态。A391航班什么时候起飞？8：30，但是你应该提前半个小时办理登机手续。第一空表示将来发生的事，应该用一般将来时；第二空表示按照时刻表将要发生的事， 应该用一般现在时表将来，故选C项。4(xx浙江十校学期初联考)The past two years _ a sharp rise in oil price, which adds to the burden of auto transportation industry.Awitnessed Bhas witnessedCis witnessing Dwitnesses答案B考查动词时态。句意：过去的两年见证了油价的大幅上涨，这增加了汽车运输业的负担。表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态，应用现在完成时。故选B。