2019-2020年高考英语 单项选择题解题指导教案.doc

2019-2020年高考英语 单项选择题解题指导教案把握高考考点，夯实基础单项选择填空“七”法近年高考试题分类解析一高考热点透视热点一：冠词的用法。主要考查不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词的基本用法以及固定搭配。1. I looked under _ bed and found _ book I lost last week. (北京 xx) A. the; aB. the; theC. the; /D. /; the点拨：bed在此是指自己所睡的床，其前要加冠词；而第二空后的book后面有定语从句I lost last week修饰，表示特指，其前要加定冠词the。2. George couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church. A. /; theB. the; /C. a; / D. /; a （重庆xx）点拨：英语中表示“星期、月份”的专有名词前通常不加冠词，但此处指的是某一个“星期天”，因此加不定冠词a；church本是具体名词，此处表示“做礼拜”，抽象化为不可数名词，其前不加冠词。备考建议：应熟知不定冠词表示泛指和定冠词表示特指的意义；特别要注意抽象名词具体化和具体名词抽象化；注意零冠词和固定搭配的使用情况。热点二：考查动词的用法。【1】考查动词(词组)词义辨析。主要考查常用动词以及动词词组的搭配。1. Surely, it doesnt matter where the student asso-ciations get their money from, what _ is what they do with it. (湖北 xx) A. counts B. applies C. stresses D. functions点拨：本题考查动词词义辨析。根据语境可知，学生社团的钱是从哪儿得来的不要紧，重要的是他们怎么花这些钱。Count有“重要性”的意思，相当于“matter”。2. American Indians _ about five percent of the U.S. population (浙江 xx) A. fill up B. bring up C. make up D. set up点拨：本题考查动词词组辨析。根据语境可知，美国印第安人大约占美国人口的5%。Make up有“组成，构成”的意思。备考建议：应熟练掌握常用动词的语法，多注意课本中好词好句，多涉猎一些英语报刊，学习鲜活的语言，注意一词多义现象，特别注意一些搭配能力强的动词如break, e, go, get, set, make等构成的短语。【2】考查动词时态、语态，注重在语境中考查事态的正确使用，主从句时态呼应和固定句式。一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时以及完成进行时是考查的热点。1. I dont believe youve already finished reading the bookI _ it to you this morning！(浙江 xx-5) A. would lend B. was lending C. had lent D. lent2. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _ to each other for nearly two years. (安徽 xx) A. didnt speak B. hadnt spoken C. havent spoken D. havent been speaking点拨：根据语境可知，第一句使用的过去时，时间状语until then说明他们重归于好之前，他们已经两年彼此不说话了，应用过去完成时。备考建议：应熟知新课标中所要求的十种常用的时态和被动语态构成及用法。解答时态语态时要结合语境，弄清时间的先后关系，可根据不同情况采取“找标法”(寻找时间标志词)、“呼应法”(主从句时态呼应)、“搭配法”(固定搭配)、“语境法”等解题技巧，语态提出结合时态一起考查。【3】考查情态动词，主要考查情态动词表推测以及“情态动词+完成时”的用法，间或考查常见情态动词的基本用法。1. -Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. -You _ it in the wrong place.(江西 xx) A. must put B. should have put C. might putD. might have put点拨：根据语境可知，我找不到字典了，因此下文说“你可能放错地方了”。表示对过去发生事情的不很肯定的推测用might have done。2. You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago! (浙江 xx-11) A. wouldntB. cantC. mustnt D. neednt点拨：根据语境可知，第二句使用的过去时，时间状语only two hours ago说明不可能饿了，应用cant。备考建议：应熟知常用情态动词的基本意义，重点掌握can、may、must表推测的用法和“情态动词+完成时”的用法。热点三：考查非谓语动词的用法，特别是V. + ing和V. + ed 形式作定语、状语和补足语以及不定式作状语、宾补和不定式的省略等。1. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it. (安徽 xx) A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished点拨：本题考查with复合结构中的宾补。分词作宾补时，其逻辑主语是前面的宾语。此题中work与finish在逻辑上是动宾关系，即被动关系，为此应使用表示被动意义的过去分词作宾补。2. “Things _ never e again!” I couldnt help talking it to myself. (湖南 xx) A. lostB. losing C. to loseD. have lost点拨：本题考查分词作定语。根据分词与其修饰词things的关系是动宾关系，即被动关系，应选择过去分词lost。3. Excuse me, sir, where is Room 301? -Just a minute. Ill have Bob _ you to your room. (北京 xx-28) A. showB. shows C. to showD. showing点拨：本题考查to的不定式作宾补。使欲分词let, make, have和感官动词see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及look at, listen to等常接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。备考建议：应掌握非谓语动词的基本用法及区别，注意非谓语动词与其所修饰的关系，然后根据逻辑关系选择表示主动或被动意义的非谓语动词。热点四：考查形容词、副词及其比较等级。主要考查形容词比较级、同级比较时倍数及名词的位置，副词（词组）的意思、用法及位置等。1. I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times _. (浙江 xx-3) A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many点拨：本题考查形容词同级倍数比较。根据句意表示此件上衣所花的钱是那件衣服的三倍。故此句如果被补充完整的话，应是as much as that one。2. After two years research, we now have a _ better understanding of the disease. (全国 xx) A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite点拨：本题考查比较级之前的程度词。比较级前可加far, much, by far, a lot, a great deal, a bit, still, a little, even, rather, any, no等修饰，但不能用too, so, very, quite, fairly等，它们只能修饰原级的词。备考建议：应掌握形容词比较等级的基本句型。解题时除了要捕捉形容词比较级的标志词than外，还应注意暗含比较的情况，同级比较的倍数应放在as as 结构外面，名词放在里面；注意副词(词组)如：though, yet, however, or else的意思和使用特点。热点五：考查代词的用法。主要考查替代词、不定代词的使用和it的用法。1. There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow _? (陕西 xx) -No, Id rather buy _ in the bookstore. A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it点拨：本题考查的是代词。第一空指的是前面所说的同一本书，用指示代词it；第二空表示泛指任意一本，用替代词one。2. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held? (天津 xx) A. thisB. that C. it D. these点拨：本题考查的是作形式宾语代替宾语从句的用法。3. -Id like some more cheese. Sorry, theres _ left (浙江 xx-9) A. someB. none C. a littleD. few点拨：本题考查的是不定代词的用法。从cheese与sorry可知答案。4. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. (安徽 xx) A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom点拨：本题考查的是“介词+关系代词”的用法。句中的逗号表明这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。由two people可知表示两者，应使用both或neither；又因为要使用定语从句，故选D。备考建议：应熟练掌握替代词one/ones, that/those的用法，注意与指示代词的区别；特别留意表示两者的both, either, neither与all, any, none等不定代词的区别热点六：考查各种复合句的用法。常考的复合句有名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等，主要考查其引导词的选用。1. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. (浙江 xx-6) A. whatB. thatC. which D. one点拨：分析句子结构可知这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句，what引导的宾语从句作from的宾语，而what又在宾语从句中充当speak的宾语。2. _ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. (陕西 xx) A. whatB. thatC. which D. one点拨：分析句子结构可知这是一个含有主语从句的复合句，what在主语从句中作say and do的宾语。3. Some pre-school children go to a day center, _ they learn simple games and songs. (全国 xx) A. thenB. thereC. while D. where点拨：此题中间使用了逗号，说明这是一个主从复合句。根据语境可知后面是一个非限制性定语从句。先行词a day care center在定语从句中作状语.4. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the tree, but _ they have eggs or young chicks, they dont use a nest. (湖南 xx) A. whyB. howC. unless D. where点拨：本题是考查状语从句引导词的选用。根据语境的意思可知，“除非鸟儿生了蛋或幼鸟，否则它们是不使用巢穴的”。备考建议：三大从句的选择各有诀窍：名词性从句引导词的选择采用从句中“缺什么成分补什么成分”的原则；定语从句关系词的选择需要“看先行词在定语从句做何成分，作主语、宾语或作定语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词”状语从句引导词的选用主要根据句子的意思。热点七：考查特殊句式，如强调结构、倒装句、省略句等。1. -Where did you get to know her? -It was on the farm _ we worked. (山东 xx) A. thatB. thereC. which D. where点拨：此题考查省略的强调结构。根据语境可知“我们是在以前工作的农场认识的”，we worked是定语从句，修饰the farm,用关系副词where引导，真正的强调句是It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.2. _ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere. (陕西 xx) A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business点拨：当“so/suchthat”结构中的so或such位于句首时，构成部分倒装句，so是副词，应紧接其所修饰的形容词，主谓部分倒装。3. If Joes wife wont go to the party, _. (全国 xx) A. he will eitherB. neither will he C. he neither willD. either he will点拨：本题考查省略。英语中常用so(肯定)，neither / nor(否定)引起的分句，表示前面的情况也适用于后者。备考建议：特殊句式往往有其特定的标志，句子结构非常固定，因此答题时要善于捕捉标志词，然后根据平时的训练作出正确的选择。热点八：考查功能意念项目，重在考查实际应用和英汉思维差异。1. Will you join us in the game? -Thank you, _ (江西xx) A. but why not?B. but Id rather not. C. and I wont. D. and Ill join.点拨：本题考查功能意念项目“社会交往”中表示“邀请”的答语。答语中的语气与连词和本题的语境不符，D项中的省略回答不能保留实义动词。2. Excuse me. Do you have the time? -_. A. Yes, I doB. Of course, I have C. A quarter to tenD. No problem点拨：本题考查功能意念项目“时间”的问法。“Do you have the time?”的意思是“你知道现在几点了吗？”而考生往往误以为本题是问“你有没有时间？”。若问有没有时间，应去掉the。备考建议：应熟练掌握英语新课标所要求的11类功能意念项目和24类话题项目，特别注意英语思维不一致的情况，语言要适合具体的交际行为 二 应试技巧:分析具体语境；语法；词义辨析；句子结构-解题“七”法一、化简法 有的单项填空的题干相当复杂，一时分不清结构。这时应化繁为简，理清主干，忽略次要成分。如：John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $ 3,000 more than he _ for the wedding. (全国II xx)A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned点拨：本题可简化为Johnspent $ 3,000 more than he _ for the wedding. 句子结构一目了然。考查的是动词时态。计划在花费spent之前，而spent为过去时态，所以表示过去的过去应用过去完成时。 It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you e from or what you are. A. one B. that C. what D. it 二、补全法 有的单项填空的题干由于省略了成分，看起来相当简短，同样让考生分不清结构，这就需要考生利用所学的省略知识，补全省略部分，使结构一目了然。如：-Who should be responsible for the accident?- The boss, not the workers. They just carried the order_. (福建 xx-30)A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told点拨：本题是方式状语从句中省略了主语和部分谓语。补全是as they had been told.-I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend?- _ good. (湖北 xx)A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds点拨：本题如果看不出是省略句就没法解题。其实是省略了主语it，补全是：It sounds good。选项中既有时态，又有非谓语动词，如果不把句子主语it补上，就分不清是什么结构。 -What do you think made Mary so upset? - _ her new bike. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 点拨：将答句补全，就是 _ her new bike made Mary so upset,显然，只能选C，用动名词短语作主语。 三、还原法 由于英语中经常出现倒装现象，致使好多考生分不清结构，造成失分。应将其还原，恢复短语、句型和结构的本来面目，使结构一目了然。如：增难方式1：使用疑问句：突破对策1：还原为陈述句Who would you rather have_with youA.go B.togo C.gone D.going 增难方式2：使用被动句突破对策2：还原为主动句 Ways must be thought of_the balance of nature.A.keep B.keeping C.to keep D.being kept 增难方式3：使用感叹句：突破对策3：还原为陈述句 What great difficulty we had_her.A.persuade B.to persuadeC.persuading D.persuaded增难方式4：使用强调句突破对策4：还原为一般句 It was _ the old bike that the old man spent the whole evening at home.A.repairing B.to repair C.repair D.repaired增难方式5：使用倒装句 突破对策5：还原为正常句：To all of us_the honor for success.A.belong to B.belongs toC.belongs D.belong 增难方式6：使用复合句： 突破对策6：变为简单句Is this the bike you wish to_A.have repaired it B.have it repairedC.have repaired D.repair it 四、成分结构分析法有些试题的考点本来十分简单，但却通过使用定语从句，或者将我们熟悉的固定词组有意拆分，重新组合，使我们在结构上产生错觉，出现迷惑。这时，仔细分析句子的结构，就会拨开迷雾。如：Weve talked a lot _ cars. What about trains? A. of B. with C. about D. in 点拨：由于受 a lot of 这一常用结构的影响，许多同学毫不犹豫地选了A，但是错了。原因是：若选 of，a lot of cars 即为动词 talk 的宾语，但事实上，动词 talk 是不及物动词。正确答案是C，句中的a lot是修饰动词 talked 的状语，talk about才是一个动词短语。 全句意为“我们对汽车已谈了不少，现在谈谈火车怎么样?” We all regarded the poor old man _sympathy. A. as B. with C. of D. by 点拨：许多同学一看到句中的 regard 和选项中的 as，马上就联想到 regard as (把看作)这一搭配，从而断定此题应选A。错了，原因是将此搭配套入原句，句子意思不通。正确答案是B，句意为“我们大家都很同情这位老人”。 Is this factory you visited last Friday ?A. whichB. whereC. the one D. there五、标点法 标点符号的作用不可忽视。在做题时，一个标点符号也可能决定一个题的答案，逗号可以决定一个非限制性定语从句。如：By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. (福建 xx-31)A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which点拨：本题考查非限制性定语从句，由“介词+关系代词”引导。可用还原法确定介词：a rare rainbow appeared above the top of Mount Qomolangma. Which指代the top of Mount Qomolangma 。There are eight tips in Dr. Rogers lecture on sleep, and one of them is: _ to bed early unless you think it is necessary. A. doesnt go B. not to go C. not going D. dont go 点拨：此题很容易选B，认为是用不定式作表语。其实，冒号已经表明后面是Dr. Roger讲的原话，这原话应当是个句子，只有选D才构成一个否定形式的祈使句。 He wrote five novels, two of _ translated into English. A. it B. them C. which D. that 点拨：此题很容易误选答案C，以为后面是非限制性定语从句。事实上，translated是过去分词，而不是谓语动词，后面不是句子，无需连词，所以正确答案是B。若在translated前加上were，were translated就是谓语，这时就选连词which了。 If an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, _ means many more people in the world can enjoy it. A. as B. which C. what D. that 点拨：因为前句已经有连词if，所以选答案D，that指前句所述内容。若没有if，就选B，which引导一个非限制性定语从句。 六、语境法 做单项填空题时，务必要根据语境。一个词、一个短语、一个句子如果离开语境，难免会造成理解失误或断章取义。这类试题有两类：一类是考日常交际用语；另一类是考借助语境，考查学生的英语基础知识。如：_ a moment and I will go to your rescue. (福建 xx-29)A. Go on B. Hold on C. Move to D. Carry on点拨：本题考查根据语境理解句式，然后对动词短语作出正确选择。“祈使句+and+句子”引导。And 连接两个句子，后者表结果，而祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，意思是： “如果再坚持一下，我就来救你”。I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _. A.everything B.anything C.something D. nothing 点拨：此题很容易误选B，因为这是个否定句。若选B，I dont agree with anything.就等于I agree with nothing (of what you said)，这就与前一分句的意思发生矛盾了。正确答案应该是A。 Have you finished your position ? Yes . I it in twenty minutes . A. have finishedB. finishedC. will finishD. had finished点拨：此语境中，yes这个词非常重要七、去思维定势法有些试题的题干，看上去好像就是固定搭配，我们高兴地完成后，自以为十分有把握，结果却做错了。所以当我们越是遇到十分熟悉的所谓固定搭配时，越要从句子结构上或者句子意思上仔细分析，以免步入设计的陷阱。如： Which do you enjoy your spare time, surfing the Internet or reading novels ? A. spendingB. to spendC.being spentD. spendCharles Babbage is generally considered _ the first puter. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 点拨：考生头脑中有consider doing这一思维定势，易误选D，而题干用了被动语态，为动词不定式作主语补足语的结构。因不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前，用了不定式的完成式，故最佳答案为C