2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习Unit1ManandNaturalDisasters学案重庆大学版选修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习Unit1ManandNaturalDisasters学案重庆大学版选修一、单词写 得 准用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.shockn震动；撞击；震惊2.pilen. 堆；大堆vt. 堆起，堆积，积累3.chiefn. 首领，长官adj. 主要的；首要的4.screamvi. 尖声喊叫；喊出5.rescuevt. 营救；救援6.clearvi. 变晴朗；转晴7.endanger vt.危及dangern危险8.direct vt.对准；指路adj.直接的directlyadv.直接地directionn方向9.sufficient adj.足够的，充足的sufficiencyn充裕，充足10.explode vt./vi.(使)爆炸；爆发explosionn爆炸，爆发11.scared adj.惊恐的；恐惧的scarevt.惊吓；使害怕n.C惊恐，恐慌12.reliable adj.可信赖的；可依赖的；可靠的relyvi.依靠，依赖；信任reliabilityn可靠性，可信赖性，确实性13.displace vt.移动的位置displacementn移位，平移断层14.mass n团，块，堆，大量massiveadj.大量的，大规模的15.disappear vi.不见，消失disappearancen不见，消失16.admirable adj.可钦佩的；值得赞赏的admirevt.钦佩1.The air pollution and water pollution have endangered (danger) the life of the rare animals in the forest. 2.China is known for her massive (mass) land and abundant natural resources.3.He turned around, went into the dark, and disappeared (disappearance) gradually.4.We must work hard, but equally we must get sufficient (sufficiency) rest.5.When the explosion broke out, I was almost scared to death, and the alarm scared the hell out of many people.(scare)6.Several bombs exploded near the car and the explosion caused two deaths.(explode)7.John is very reliable if he promises to do something he will do it, so you can rely on him to help you when you are in trouble.(rely)8.Seeing a truck ing directly from the opposite direction,_the car driver turned sharp right to avoid a headon collision.(direct)9.Tu Youyou is an admirable scientist in many peoples heart and we all admire her for her achievement in medicine.(admire)1.“惊讶”名词小结shock震惊，惊愕surprise 惊奇，诧异amazement 惊异，惊愕astonishment 惊讶2归纳“主要的，首要的”形容词chief 主要的；首要的main 主要的；最重要的major 主要的；主修的principal 主要的；最重要的leading 主要的；首要的3.聚焦en前缀动词endanger危及enlarge 扩大enrich 丰富encourage 鼓励ensure 确保enable 使能够enforce 强制执行engage 参加；吸引4.否定前缀dis单词荟萃disappear vi.消失dislike v. 不喜欢disagree/disapprove v. 不同意discourage vt. 使泄气dishonest adj. 不诚实的disability n. 残疾；无能disadvantage n. 不利条件disfort n. 不舒服二、短语写 得 准用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)1.be_supposed_to_do被期望或要求；应该2.make_a_promise 答应，许诺3.show_up 露出，露面，出现4.break_out 突发，爆发5.be_in_danger 在危险中，垂危6.tower_above_. 大大高出；远远胜于7.draw_back 缩回，后退；收回(诺言等)8.take_away 拿走；使停止；减去；剥夺9.at_other_times 另一些时候10.up_to_. 多达，直至11.pull_sb._off_. 把某人从拉走12.for_the_most_part 通常，多半1.Toms father made_a_promise that he would give him a reward if he passed the College Entrance Examination.2.If you take_away the attributive clauses, the sentences still make sense.3.Its reported that an armed conflict is likely to break_out between the two countries.4.Up_to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.5.Seeing a snake in the grass, the cat drew_back with fear.1.“makean.”短语集锦make a promise许诺make a face 做鬼脸make a difference 有影响make a bet 打赌make a decision 作出决定make a joke 开玩笑2.“v.back”短语一览draw back 缩回；后退call back 回电pay back 偿还，报答look back (on) 回顾hold back 控制住put back 放回原处give back 归还，还给三、句式背 原 句明 句 式学 仿 写1. . rushed to the school where his son was supposed to be, only to discover that the building was as flat as a pancake.匆忙跑到他儿子就读的学校，却发现学校已被夷为平地。“onlyto do”作结果状语。我匆忙地赶到飞机场，却发现我的钱包丢了。I hurriedly got to the airport, only_to_find_my_wallet_lost.2.As he looked at the pile of ruins that once was the school, he felt hopeless.当看着曾经的学校成为一片废墟时，他感到很绝望。as 引导时间状语从句。当火灾发生时，所有的学生正在熟睡。As_the_fire_broke_out,_all the students were sleeping soundly.3.No matter what happens, I know youll always be there for me！无论发生什么事情，我知道你总是和我在一起！“no matter特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句。无论他说什么，不要相信他。Dont trust him, no_matter_what/whatever_he_says.第一板块核心单词归纳集释1direct vt.对准；指路；指挥；导演adj.径直的；直接的；直率的adv.直接；亲自教材原句He began to direct his attention towards where he walked his son to class at school each morning.他开始将注意力对准他每天早上步行送儿子去学校上课的地方。(1)direct sb. to do sth.指示/命令某人做某事(2)direction n. 方向；方位；指点；指示；常用复数说明书in all directionsin every direction 朝四面八方in the direction of . 朝方向(3)directly adv. 直接地，径直地 conj. 一就His boss directed him to_cancel (cancel) the meeting.老板指示他取消这次会议。Its only a small improvement but at least its a step in the right direction (direct)虽然这只是一个小小的改进，但至少是朝着正确的方向迈出的一步。名师指津direct作副词时，表示“亲自，直接 (不经中间环节)”，相当于directly。作副词的 direct 通常位于动词后，而 directly 则既可位于动词前又可位于动词后。2scared adj.惊恐的；恐惧的；害怕的高考佳句Tony was scared and began to cry. (xx全国卷)托尼感到害怕，开始哭起来。(1)be scared of sb./sth.害怕某人/某物be scared of doing/to do sth. 害怕做某事be scared that . 害怕be scared to death 吓得要死(2)scare vt. 使恐惧，惊吓scare .away/off 把吓跑scare sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事He was scared to_stay (stay)outside after 19 oclock because he was scared of being robbed.19点以后他不敢待在外面，因为害怕被抢劫。It is not wise for parents to try to scare their children into behaving well.对父母而言，试图用吓唬的办法让孩子守规矩是不明智的。3rescue n/vt.营救；救援高考佳句I didnt bee a serious climber until the fifth grade, when I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(xx浙江高考单选)直到五年级的时候我才成为一名真正的攀登者，当时我去树上拿卡在树枝里的风筝。rescue .from .从中援救/救出e to ones/the rescue 前来救援/帮助某人go to ones rescue 去救援/帮助某人Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building.直升机从失火大楼的楼顶上救出了将近20人。We were about to close down the business, but the bank went/came_to_our_rescue with a huge loan.我们几乎要停业，但银行借出了一大笔钱救了我们。4mass n团，块，堆，大量经典例句The hill appeared as a black mass in the distance.远远地看去，那座山是黑压压一片。the mass of大多数a mass ofmasses of 许多，大量the masses 民众，平民Ive a_mass/masses_of_things_to_do this morning.今天上午我要处理很多事。The mass of people in that country are (be) Christians.那个国家的大部分人是基督教徒。名师指津“a mass of/masses of/the mass of名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数一致；the masses作主语时，谓语动词用复数。.基础点全练(单句语法填空/补全句子)1We are looking for someone who is reliable (rely) and hardworking.2I am shocked at the news that many pupils were killed in the terrible traffic accident.3Shortly after suffering from a massive (mass) earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.4As shots rang out, the crowd ran screaming in all directions (direct)5The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took masses of pictures of them.6On one hand, it is more convenient for people to get to Shanghai Museum which is_located_in (位于) the center of the city.7Its likely that this kind of disease will_endanger_your_life (将危及你的生命).重难点多练1scared多角度介、副词填空The high price is scaring away/off possible buyers.I was nearly scared to death when hearing that big noise.Dont be scared of asking if you need any help.The salesman scared the old lady into signing the paper by threatening to take away the goods.2rescue全接触(1)单句语法填空They were trying every possible means to_rescue the miners trapped underground.A fireman rescued the two little children from the burning building.(2)根据汉语提示完成片段As soon as the accident happened, the rescue team came/went_to_the_victims_rescue,_and didnt give up any hope of rescuing_them_from danger.事故一发生，救援队就去营救受害者，并且不放弃拯救他们脱离危险的任何希望。.阅读词汇专练根据语境选出pile的词性和词义(A)n.堆 (B)n.大笔钱财 (C)v.堆积1He must have made a pile in his younger days as a successful businessman._B_2We put the books in piles on the floor._A_3The little boy is piling up his building blocks._C_ 第二板块短语句型归纳集释1be supposed to被期望或要求；应该，应当高考佳句As young people, we are supposed to work hard and enjoy our work, no matter how ordinary it is.(xx广东高考写作)作为年轻人，我们应该努力工作，从工作中得到乐趣，无论它是多么平凡。(1)be supposed to do sth.应该做某事be supposed to have done sth. 本应该做某事(实际未做)be supposed to be . 被认为是(2)suppose/supposing (that) 假定/假如(3)I suppose so. 我认为是这样。I suppose not.I dont suppose so. 我认为不是这样。All his workmates suppose him to_be (be) an expert in this field.他所有的同事都认为他是这个领域的专家。Will she e with us?No, I_suppose_not/I_dont_suppose_so.她会跟我们来吗？不，我想不会吧。名师指津suppose/supposing (that)以及assuming (that), providing/provided (that), given (that)可以作连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，假如”，表示一种假设条件。2break out突发，爆发教材原句Fires are breaking out, explosions are happening everywhere.火灾正在爆发，到处在发生爆炸。break into破门而入，强行闯入(后接宾语)；突然开始(哭、唱等)break in 闯入；插话，打断break away from 突然挣脱，摆脱break down 出故障；(身体)垮掉；分解break up 结束；粉碎，破碎；解散Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.(xx福建高考单选)在灾难中，当无线网络出故障时，老式的电话就变得重要起来。The ice will break up when the warm weather es.天气转暖，冰层就会破裂。3As he looked at the pile of ruins that once was the school, he felt hopeless.当看到曾经的学校成为一片废墟时，他感到很绝望。句中as意为“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句。as作为连词的用法主要有：(1)“当的时候；一边一边；随着”，引导时间状语从句。They sang songs as_they_were_doing_farm_work.他们一边干农活，一边唱歌。(2)“如同；按照”，引导方式状语从句。When in Rome, do as_Romans_do. 入乡随俗。(3)“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句。As_all_of_you_are_in_favour_of_the_plan,_why not carry it out?既然你们都赞同这个计划，为什么不付诸实施呢？(4)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。Tired_as_she_was,_she insisted on looking after her sick son by herself. Although/Though she was tired, she insisted on looking after her sick son by herself.尽管她很疲惫，但她坚持亲自照顾生病的儿子。名师指津as意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句时，需将表语、状语等提前，其他成分保持陈述语序；名词提前时，去掉冠词。.基础点全练1单句语法填空When the fire broke out,_many people were shopping in the supermarket.Mr. White should have arrived at 8：30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up.Whether or not she will go is up to her to decide.The police came running and broke up the crowd.They reached the pany out of breath, only to_be_told (tell) they were fired.The little boy was once in danger of losing his sight, but the doctor had helped him out of danger.2运用所学短语完成片段A big fire broke_out (爆发) yesterday and it swept_over (扫过) many buildings. At_two_minutes_to_noon (还差2分钟到正午), with the rapid spread of the fire, it took_away (夺走) many peoples lives and many people were_in_danger (处在危险中). Fortunately, the firefighters showed_up (出现) immediately. They made_a_promise (许诺) that they would try their best to put out the fire.重难点多练1be supposed to一站清(1)单句语法填空You were supposed to_be (be) here an hour ago!Shes supposed to_do (do) an hours homework every evening.He was supposed to_have_graduated (graduate) from college two years ago. (2)句型转换All of his friends will suppose that she is his wife.All of his friends will suppose_her_to_be_his_wife.2as万花筒一句多译(1)尽管他们穷，但感到很快乐。Poor_as_they_are,_they feel very happy. (as)Although/Though_they_are_poor,_ they feel very happy. (although/though)(2)随着时间的流逝，我们成为了好朋友。As_time_went_by,_we became good friends. (as)With_time_going_by,_we became good friends. (with) 课堂练牢基础.单句语法填空1Located (locate) in the old downtown of Tokyo, Yasaka has a shop selling items handcrafted from bamboo.2Hearing the news, he rushed out, leaving (leave) the book lying (lie) open on the table and disappeared into the distance.3A policeman stood in the middle of the road, directing (direct) the traffic.4The bus was supposed to_leave (leave) at 5：00, but it hasnt arrived yet.5I guarantee to pay off my debts on time, whatever happens.6Dont rely on him to do anything hes just a talker.7I asked how the job search was going and he said hed had masses of interviews but no offers.8The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship.单句改错1The mass of rice we have today are imported from Thailand.areis2Have you enjoyed camping in the wild with your friends?Never. Im afraid that my life is in a danger there.去掉danger前的a3As time going by, I gradually adapted myself to the school life.going_went或AsWith4The suspects were last seen heading in direction of Miami.in后加the5After a fire broke in in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged.第一个inout6The girl was so scaring of the snake that she began to cry the moment she saw it.scaringscared7Yesterday a street beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, made him a millionaire overnight.mademaking8He has made the promise to give a performance.thea.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练(一)依据提示补全短文Our hometown lies in a small town. It is an ancient beautiful village. And (But/And/Though)we all like it very much. With time going by, it is thought to be more beautiful than ever before.I dreamed a terrible dream last night. I returned to my hometown after a long trip, and I surprisedly found that the whole village was in_ruins (成为废墟). I realized that a big earthquake had happened in my hometown. Many houses fell down. Many people lost their lives and many people were_in_danger (在危险中). Fortunately, the government sent the army to help us. The soldiers rescued_the_injured_from (从救出伤员) the ruins bravely. We were all grateful to them for their help.(二)按要求将词汇句式升级1用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分(1)lies inis_located_in(2)thoughtsupposed(3)bravelycourageously2按要求改写句式(1)用as引导的状语从句改写句As_time_goes_by,_it_is_thought_to_be_more_beautiful_than_ever_before.(2)用“only to do .”结构改写句I_returned_to_my_hometown_after_a_long_trip,_only_to_find_that_the_whole_village_was_in_ruins.课下练熟高考阅读理解提速练练速度(限时：20分钟)ASchool is much more than a place where students gather to learn.For children, school is their first opportunity for social development and introduction to people outside of their family unit.Lessons learned in school go beyond mathematics and language arts.Students learn to develop individual interests and find other people who share their interests.Music is one of the ways likeminded children e together.When many people talk about the benefits of music education, theyre quick to point out all of the numerous and measurable results of music education: many studies show the positive impact music programs can have on children in other areas of study.Dr.Laurel Trainor, a professor of psychology, at McMaster University, has said young children who take music lessons show different brain development and improved memory pared to children who do not receive musical training.Stanford University researchers have found that musical training improves how the brain processes the spoken word; a finding that researchers say could lead to improving the reading ability of children who have dyslexia and other reading problems.Furthermore, in an analysis of data on more than 25,000 secondary school students, researchers at the United States Department of Education found that students who report consistent involvement in instrumental music during middle school and high school perform significantly better in mathematics.There are many reasons why music education can help to make a child a better student, but there also being involved in music is also a social endeavor (努力；尝试) that can set the course for lifelong friends and help create social groups that last through school and beyond.Music education breeds familiarity during a school career，when going from class to class or from school to school every year can be nerve wracking and unfamiliar.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了音乐教育帮助孩子更好地发展，开发孩子的智力，增强记忆力，因此音乐教育更有利于孩子的成长。1What is the function of the first paragraph?ATo show school is the place for students to learn.BTo stress the importance of learning knowledge.CTo lead to the main topic of the passage.DTo explain what the author really thinks of.解析：选C推理判断题。根据文章第一段的最后一句话“Students learn to develop individual interests and find other people who share their interests.”和下面几段都是提到音乐教育的重要性，因此该段就是引出主题。故选C。2According to the researchers, we can know that _.Amusic lovers tend to use their brain in wise wayBmusic training can cure children of many diseasesClearning music is beneficial to students performance in mathematicsDsenior students disliked attending music lessons解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“students who report consistent involvement in instrumental music during middle school and high school perform significantly better in mathematics”可知学音乐有利于孩子的数学学习。故选C。3What does the underlined word “dyslexia” in Paragraph 3 mean?AHaving difficulty with reading.BReceiving training for music.CGaining knowledge from learning.DLosing the ability to read music.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据该单词后的“other reading problems”可推断是诵读困难。故选A。4It can be concluded from the passage that _.Amusic can ensure you have lot of close friendsBchanging schools is a bad experience for everyoneCmusic does offer social and understanding benefitsDfew schools really focus on music education解析：选C推理判断题。通读全文，并根据文章的最后一段的“there also being involved in music . last through school and beyond”可推断选C。B(xx山东省日照市校际联合检测)At least 3 people are dead in the Philippines now that Typhoon Hagupit has landed.The typhoon, which hit the eastern Philippines over the weekend, has blown down trees and sent more than 650thousand people into shelters before weakening.“There were very strong winds last night. The roof was beginning to move, and rain was getting inside the rooms，” said a villager.The storm hit with gusts (强风) of over 100 miles per hour. And while the storm has slowed considerably from the super typhoon level it had last week, Hagupit still remains strong enough to create more damage.Christopher Perez is a local weather forecaster. He says, “We are continuing to expect bad weather and rough ocean waves. Threats of possible flash floods and landslides (滑坡) as well as possible storm waves are occurring in coastal areas.”Hagupit is expected to roll into the South China Sea tomorrow.Its currently going westward toward the southern tip of Vietnam, meaning its unlikely to affect China.Hagupits strength in the Philippines is much less severe than Typhoon Haiyan, which rolled through the country in xx.Haiyans tsunamilike storm waves and killer winds left thousands of people dead and leveled_entire_villages.The central Philippines is still trying to recover from last years massive storm waves.语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。台风黑格比在菲律宾登陆后给当地造成了重大的损失。同时，文章也提及了强度更大的台风海燕。5We can know from the passage that the Typhoon Hagupit is _.Agetting strongerBweakeningCgoing to affect China soonDmoving more than 120 miles per hour解析：选B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“And while the storm has slowed considerably”可知，台风黑格比在变弱，故选B项。6The underlined part “leveled entire villages” probably means “_”Adestroyed all the buildings in the villagesBwere of the same sea level as the villagesCkilled all the villagersDblew down all the trees in the villages解析：选A词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段可知，此处表示台风海燕如海啸一样的暴风雨浪潮和危害极大的风使成千上万的人失去生命，把全部的村庄夷为平地，故选A项。7Which of the following places suffered most when Typhoon Haiyan rolled in?AThe eastern Philippines.BThe southern tip of Vietnam.CThe South China Sea.DThe central Philippines.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，菲律宾中部仍然在努力地从去年强烈的暴风雨浪潮中恢复过来，即台风海燕对菲律宾中部的破坏巨大，故选D项。8What do we know about Typhoon Haiyan from the passage?AIt caused less severe damage than Typhoon Hagupit.BIt also rolled in Vietnam and China.CIt brought about a lot of deaths.DIt damaged the roofs of all the houses.解析：选C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Haiyans . left thousands of people dead”可知C项正确。C(xx河北省七校联合考试)It was something she had dreamed of since she was five. Finally, after years of training and intensive workouts, Deborah Duffey was going to pete in her first high school basketball game. The goals of being an outstanding player and playing college ball were never far from Deborahs mind.The game was against Mills High School. With 1 minute and 42 seconds left in the game, Deborahs team led by one point. A player of Mills had possession of the ball，and Deborah ran to guard against her. As Deborah was running to block the p