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一,二,三,四,五,动词的时态、语态和语气是高考中的重中之重,也是英语句子结构的核心。英语句子的灵动性很大程度上体现在动词的各种变化上。在语法填空和短文改错两个题型中,时态和语态是考查的热点,但是语气问题也不可忽视。在备考过程中应该对谓语动词变化的各种情况都能够了如指掌。 可以预测,由于受到两个题型出题方式的限制,对于动词的时态和语态的考查不会太复杂。同时,语境的重要地位会凸显出来,因此,考生应学会通过上下文来确定所用时态。切记要把握最基本的概念和用法。,二,三,四,一,五,一、考查具有标志词或标志性时间状语的时态 做题时,可通过对时间状语及语境分析作出判断。但有时题干中的时间状语具有干扰性,如for,now等词构成的时间状语,所以考生要根据具体语境来判断时态。题干中常出现的标志词或时间状语有: (1)一般现在时:sometimes,every day/week,on Sundays等; (2)一般过去时:yesterday,last week,three years ago,the other day,the day before yesterday,once upon a time,in 1990等; (3)一般将来时:next week,tomorrow,before long,in the future,later on,the day after tomorrow等; (4)现在进行时:look,now,at present,at this moment,these days等; (5)过去进行时:then,at that time,those days等; (6)将来进行时:at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow,from.to.tomorrow/the day after tomorrow等;,二,三,四,一,五,(7)现在完成时:lately,recently,so far,yet,by now,up to/till now,since then,in the last/past few days/years等; (8)过去完成时:by then,by that time,until then,by the end of 2012,before 1999,“by the time+句子”等; (9)将来完成时:“by+将来的某个时间”,when/before引导的时间状语从句; (10)现在完成进行时:all this morning,these few days,all night,this month,recently等。,二,三,四,一,五,二、考查语境中的时态呼应 在一篇文章中,每个句子的时态使用并非是孤立的,而是有联系的。每个句子除了关注本身的句意和动作发生的情况之外,还要在语篇层次上协调一致。,二,三,四,一,五,三、考查复合句或并列句中的时态呼应 (1)在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,若主句为一般将来时,则从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时;若主句为过去时,则从句也用相应的过去时。 (2)能够分清主句谓语动词及从句谓语动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。 (3)解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题目时,考生应熟知以下规则:如果主句是现在时态,则从句可根据需要使用任何时态;如果主句为过去时态,则从句要用合适的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时态)。 例1:Tom (shake) his head,went back to the market and returned to tell the boss $1.2 per kg. 该题考查并列谓语,应该使用一般过去时态,因此答案为shook。,二,三,四,一,五,例2:When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun (shine). 该题可以根据时间状语从句判断主句谓语动词动作发生的时间,再根据句意来判断使用合适的时态。该题的答案为was shining。,二,三,四,一,五,四、考查固定句式中的时态 英语中的一些句式的时态常常很固定,如果题干中出现这种句式,注意根据规则选用需要的时态。例如: (1)It is the first/second/.time that sb.have/has done. (2)It was the first/second/.time that sb.had done. (3)sb.was/were doing sth.when.did. (4)Hardly/Scarcely had sb.done sth.when sb.did. (5)No sooner had sb.done sth.than sb.did. 例如:Hardly had I got home when the rain (pour) down. 该题考查固定句型,根据该句型的特点可以判断出答案为poured。,二,三,四,一,五,五、考查时态和语态的一体性 谓语动词的时态和语态是一体两面、不可分割的。在关注动作发生的时间和存在的状态的同时,一定要关注主语和谓语的关系。在判断语态时,要注意以下情况: 1.有些及物动词或及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词或动词短语有: have 有 cost花费 lack缺少 own拥有 suit适合 hold抓住 fit适合 belong to属于 I dont have that much money on me. 我身上没带那么钱。 Lions and tigers belong to the cat family. 狮子和老虎属于猫科。,二,三,四,一,五,2.不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词或动词短语有: come about/happen/take place/occur(to)发生 remain剩下 break out爆发 last持续 come out出版 lose heart失去信心 date back to追溯到 run out用完 3.有些不及物动词以主动形式表示被动意义。 (1)read,write,sell,wash,clean,cook,catch,draw,cut等,常与well,badly,easily,smoothly等副词连用,用主动形式表示被动意义。 The shirt washes well. 这件衬衫很好洗。 The book sells well. 这本书卖得很好。,二,三,四,一,五,(2)smell,taste,feel,look,sound,prove,turn out,wear,blow等常用作连系动词,后接形容词作表语,用主动形式表示被动意义。 Her voice sounds beautiful. 她的嗓音听起来很美妙。 (3)open,close,lock,move,keep等,常与wont,cant,wouldnt,hardly,scarcely等连用;表示“开始,结束”的动词,如:begin,start,finish,end等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。 Work began at 7 oclock this morning. 今天早上7点钟开始工作。 The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day. 这个商店每天下午6点关门。,二,三,四,一,五,4.有些非谓语动词以主动形式出现,表示被动意义。常见的有: (1)be to blame,be to seek,be to let等。 I am to blame. 我该受责备。 (2)need/want/require/deserve/stand/bear等后接doing。 The library needs repairing. 图书馆需要修一修。 (3)“be+easy/difficult/hard/heavy/light/dangerous/pleasant/comfortable/fit/interesting/expensive.+to do”。 The question is easy to answer. 这问题容易(被)回答。,二,三,四,一,五,5.“get+过去分词”表被动 “get + 过去分词”也能用于被动结构或系表结构,用于被动结构时,它强调动作的发生;用于系表结构时,它强调状态的变化。 (1)谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇,往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故。 He got killed when he was crossing the road.过马路时他被车撞死了。 (2)谈论设法或终于做到令人称心的事,说话者带有较强的感情色彩。当主语是人时,常可在get和过去分词之间插入一个反身代词。 She got (herself) paid before she went on holiday.她在休假前(设法)领到了工资。 (3)使自己进入或变为某种状态,或表示引起心理和情感上的变化。 He went out and got drunk.他出去喝醉了酒。 I got surprised at the news.这消息使我吃惊。,.完成句子(高考真题变式训练) 1.The twins,who (finish) their homework,were allowed to play badminton on the playground. 2.Hi,lets go skating. Sorry,Im busy right now.I (fill) in an application form for a new job. 3.What time is it? I have no idea.But just a minute,I (check) it for you. 4.I found the lecture hard to follow because it (start) when I arrived. 5.Unless some extra money (find),the theatre will close. 6.The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody (see) them since. 7.James has just arrived,but I didnt know he (come) until yesterday.,had finished,am filling,will check,had started,is found,has seen,was coming,8.We wont start the work until all the preparations (make). 9.Tony,why are your eyes red? I (cut) up peppers for the last five minutes. 10.Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we (expect).,have been made,have been cutting,had expected,.单句改错 1.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people persuade to eat more fruit and vegetables. 2.Sarah,hurry up.Im afraid you wouldnt have time to get to change before the party. 3.She is one of the best students in her class and she was won an award for young scientists last year. 4.I splash water on my face,get dressing,and step out into the mild autumn day.,答案:persuadeare persuaded,答案:to changechanged,答案:去掉was,答案:dressingdressed,5.It is seemed recently that more and more of my friends are facing some seemingly unbeatable challenges in their lives. 6.It is this personality that helps me win over all my classmates friendships,and also help me overcome many difficulties both in academic and personal life. 7.Make sure you understood the signs and you wont get into any trouble. 8.Last summer I went to Xian with my parents.We had visited many places of interest though the temperature was over 38.,答案:is seemedseems,答案:helphelps,答案:understoodunderstand,答案:去掉had,9.First of all,allow me to introduce myself.I had just graduated from high school and taken the University Entrance Examination. 10.“The moment comes soon,” he thought to himself,waiting nervously.,答案:hadhave,答案:comesis coming,
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