2019-2020年高中英语 Unit4 Learning efficiently-词汇句型语法讲解 新人教版选修10.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 Unit4 Learning efficiently-词汇句型语法讲解 新人教版选修10一、核心单词用法例析1. efficient a. 生效的、效率高的；有能力的Our efficient new machines are much cheaper to run.我们高效率的新机器运行成本底多了。注意：effective a. 有力的、给人以深刻印象的Well take some effective measures to stop their polluting the environment.我们将要采取有效的措施制止他们对环境的污染。2. recipe n. 处方、食谱、诀窍I am unable to cook but sometimes I can prepare a simple meal by following a recipe.我不会做饭，但是有时候我可以按照食谱做一点便餐。Would you please tell us your recipe for success?跟我们说说你成功的窍门好吗？3. improve vt. & vi. 改进、利用、增加、变得更好Many young people improve their leisure by studying.许多年轻人利用空闲时间进行学习。4. digest vt. & vi. n. 消化、领会、整理、忍受、摘要Cheese doesnt digest easily.奶酪不容易消化。His rudeness is hard to digest.他的粗鲁无礼貌让人很难忍受。Can you digest the important points of this article?你们能领会这篇文章的要点吗？5. beneath pron. & adv. 在。（正）下方、低于、有失身份（尊严）、不值得Such behaviour is beneath you.这样的行为有失你的身份。What he said is beneath notice.他说的不值得注意。请比较：Our ine is below average.我们的收入在平均水平以下。The boy sitting under the electric fan is the best in our class.坐在电风扇下的男孩是我们班上最好的学生。Its beneath us to quarrel with such a mean fellow.和这样卑鄙的家伙争吵有失我们的身份。6. adopt vt. 采纳、收养The mittee adopted my suggestions.委员会采纳了我的建议。His wife has not borne him any child so they decided to adopt a boy.他妻子到现在都没有生孩子，所以他们决定领养一个男孩。注：adapt是“适应、改写”的意思。比如：We should adapt ourselves to the new conditions.我们要使自己适应新的形势。This play is adapted from a novel.这个剧本是由小说改编的。7. assess vt. 对。进行评估、征收税款They are assessing his house.他们在对他的房屋进行评估。Im assessed at 500 yuan a month for the salaries.我每个月被征收元的工资税。8.acute adj. 尖锐的、敏锐的、剧烈的、急性的Many of the animals have an acute sense of smell许多动物有敏锐的嗅觉。The girl is in acute pain.那个小女孩感到剧痛。9. bent adj. & n. 弯的、不正直的、决心的、爱好He is a bent copper; he isnt straight.他是一个不正直的警察。My son has a bent for painting.我儿子爱好绘画。10. tend vt. & vi. 照管、护理、招待；走向、趋势、倾向、有助于She tended her husband lovingly during his long illness.在她丈夫长期生病的过程中，她非常精心地照顾了他。Interest rates are tending upwards.利息在上涨。We tend to be optimistic.我们倾向于乐观。注意：intend to do sth是“打算、想要”意思。比如：Ive made a mistake, though I didnt intend to.我犯了一个错误，尽管我不想（犯错误）。11. tiresome adj. 使人疲劳的、令人厌倦的This is a tiresome piece of work.这是一件累人的事。12. concrete adj. n. vt. & vi. 具体的、混凝土（制的）、使凝固、固结We must make a concrete analysis of concrete problems.我们必须对具体问题作具体分析。The workman is still busy concreting the road.工人们还在给路面浇注水泥。13. consult vi.& vt. n. 磋商、会诊、查阅、考虑、Have you consulted your doctor about your illness你找过医生给你诊断过你的病吗？I was once consulting for a large building firm.我曾经在一家大的建筑公司做顾问。Consulting the students convenience to and from school, the local government built a bridge over the river.考虑到学生们上学来回的方便，当地政府在这河上架起了一座桥。二、高三选修10 Unit 4 Learning efficiently词组句型解析1. in detail 详细地Will you explain it to us in detail?请你给我们详细地解释一下这件事吧。2. think about 考虑、回想、想起We are thinking about inviting a professor from Beijing University to give us a lecture.我们正在考虑从北京大学请一位教授来给我们做报告。3. at the beginning 在开始时刻地点Do you start at the beginning and continue reading to the end or do you other things first?你是从文章开头（的地方）开始然后继续读到结尾，还是先做其他的事，比如。？请比较：In the beginning of the class, the teacher asked us some questions.在刚开始上课时（刚开始那一段时间内），老师问了我们一些问题。4. agree with 同意、和。一致、适应I agree with you/ your opinion/ your idea.The soup/ weather doesnt agree with me.注意：agree on 是“双方或几方面就某一件事达成统一的意见或协议”意思；agree to是“一方不得不同意或接受另一方意见等”意思。比如：They agreed on the price of the car.他们就小车的价格达成了一致（的意见）。He agreed to his wife on buying a new flat.他只好同意他妻子的意见买一套新公寓。5. would like to do 想要做某事（也有说：should like to do）Id like to hear what you will tell me.我想听一听你能告诉我什么。6. look forward to doing 期待、盼望。（常用进行时态）We are looking forward to your reply.我们期盼着你的答复。注意：The boy is looking forward to see clearly whether its a snake or a rope.那孩子倾身向前想要看个究竟，这到底是一条蛇还是一根绳索？7. find out (通过调查研究)得知、发现I wont tell you; you must find out for yourself.我不会告诉你的；你要自己去找。8. such as 像。这种的、诸如。之类的、例如Such girls as he knew were teachers.像他所认识的这些女孩是老师。Books of reference, such as dictionaries and handbooks, sell well nowadays.参考书，比如词典、手册之类的， 现在很畅销。9. the same () as 和。一样The 2 brothers look the same as each other.那兄弟俩长得一模一样。注意：也有the same that结构，但是两者的意思有区别。比如：Tom is wearing the same coat that his father did last winter. 汤姆穿着他爸爸去年冬天穿过的袄子。（同一件）10. apply to应用于。、向。提出。We should apply the theory to practice.我们要把理论应用于实际。Im applying myself to piling this handbook during these days.最近我在致力于这本手册的编写。11. up to 从事于、胜任、轮到、该由、直到What are you up to here?你在这里要干什么？Im not up to this job.我不能胜任这项工作。Its up to you to decide when we shall start. 何时动身由你决定。This kind of single-lung fish can live up to 12 hours when out of water.这种单肺鱼离开水面能生存多达小时。12. the way 用这样的方法、从。样子看来He doesnt speak the way I do.他讲话的方式和我的不一样。The way you work, you must be a master carpenter.看你干活的样子，你一定是个技术熟练的木匠师傅。13. keep in mind 记住He promised to keep my wishes in mind.他承诺要记住我的愿望。14. in a way 某中程度上、在某一点上This has been well done in a way.从某方面讲，这件工作做得很好了。15. set up 建起、支起、组建、供给、恢复健康Roadblocks were set up by the police to catch the escape prisoner.警察设置路障抓捕逃犯。We are well set up for the apples.这些苹果能供我们吃一段时间了。He set up as a house painter and soon made a success of it.他干起房屋油漆工并很快成名了。16. make sense讲得通，有意义；make sense of 弄懂。的意思This sentence doesnt make sense.这个句子讲不通。I cant make sense of this email.我看不懂这封信的意思。17. be similar to 与。相似Our opinions are similar to theirs.我们的意见和他们的相似。18. as long as 只要。（注意：as long as的语气比if重）You can go out, as long as you promise to be back before 11 oclock.你可以出去，只要你答应十一点钟之前回来。19. relate to 与。有关（关系良好）She doesnt relate very well to her mother.她与她母亲的关系不好。20. Some others and some few .一些。其他的。，还有一些。这是很有用途的句型，常被用来叙述一个整体里不同的分类情况。比如：Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.有些书只须浅尝，有些书可以吞咽（囫囵吞枣），只有少数须要咀嚼、慢慢地消化。We have 40 students in our class. Some are from the local city, others from the countryside and a few from other provinces.我们班有人。一些是本市的，（另）一些是乡下的，还有少数来自外省。21. prefer to rather than宁可。而不愿。I prefer to be shown what to do rather than be told.我宁愿人家做给我看，而不愿要别人跟我说如何如何去做。They prefer to listen to explanations or instructions rather than read them.他们宁愿听（别人）解释或指示，也不去读。22. too to do sth 太。以至不能。Its never too late to learn.活到老学到老（永远也不会太迟了以至不能学习）。23. I wish I were doing as well in my English class.我希望在英语课堂上做的同样好。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。（参见本单元“语法知识归纳”）24. Can you figure out ?你能领会到算出来？Can you figure out the meaning of unknown words from the context?你能从上下文中断定生词的意思吗？三、课文长句难点剖析1. It is the same with reading. 剖析：句子中It is the same with是“。也如此”的意思，相当于So it is with句型。用于前面描述的是“两中或两种以上”的不同情况，这些情况对于后者来说也如此。比如：Tom is very weak and lazy.汤姆非常虚弱也很懒。So it is with his wife./It is the same with his wife.他的妻子也如此。译文：阅读也如此。2. One way to test whether a text is at the right level is to read the first page.剖析：动词不定式短语作定语修饰way；该不定式短语里含有一个宾语从句。译文：检测一篇课文是否适合（阅读）的方法就是先读第一页。3. If the percentage of new words is higher than 3%, you will not be able to read the text easily and so will probably not enjoy it.剖析：句子中and 是连词、so是副词，连词and可以表示“因果”关系，所以，该句中没有so也是正确的。这不是倒装句。译文：如果生词超过，你们会觉得课文难读，因此，也许欣赏不了。4. That way you would be practicing reading in English as well as studying biology.剖析：句中as well as是固定短语，意思是：也、又。比如：This boy is lively as well as healthy. 译文：这样子，你们既训练了英语阅读又学习了生物。5. but I still get only about 20 out of 40 correct in the test.剖析：句子中out of是“从。里面”的意思。该短语还有“在。外、离开、出于由于、缺乏、越出。之外”等意思。（参见：第三单元“关键短语详解”第条）His coat was made out of his fathers.他的袄子是用他父亲的袄子改制成的。译文：可是在测试中，四十个单词我仍然只能正确地写出个左右。6. I would rather rely on a written list than on my memory.剖析：句子中rely on是“依仗、信赖、对。有信心”意思。比如：You may rely on it that she wont be late.你们可以放心，她不会 迟到的。译文：（我去买东西的时候，）我宁可依赖写下来的条子也不用大脑记东西。7. I tend to see pictures in my mind when I am reading or listening.剖析：句子中tend to do是“有。趋势、倾向”的意思。译文：在阅读或做听力的时候，我有一种倾向，好像在脑子里看到一幅一幅的图画。8. I usually remember peoples faces but I am often vague about their names.剖析：be vague about是“对。模糊”意思。比如：Im vague about what she said at the meeting yesterday.我记不清她昨天在会上讲了些什么。译文：我通常能记住人们的面容，但是却常常忘记他们的名字。四、语法知识归纳梳理虚拟语气中学生要掌握“虚拟语气在条件句中的使用”、“虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用”、“虚拟语气在表达愿望、主张等从句中的使用”和“虚拟语气在特殊结构中的使用”等。这些是进一步学习英语的重要基础。现分述如下：1.虚拟条件是指讲话人认为无法实现、不可能存在的条件。在考题中，会将虚拟条件转成其他的“事实”陈述，而不以if-clause的形式出现。）与现在事实不符的虚拟条件句If Professor Zhang were here, he could/would/might/should help us.张教授现在如果在这里，他就能就会也许应该帮助我们。（四个情态动词各表达讲话人不同的讲话态度，要注意选择使用。）与过去事实不符的虚拟条件句If you had gone to the meeting yesterday, you should have known what was discussed there.昨天，你如果参加了会议，就应该知道会议上讨论了什么。Had Tom met me before, I might have told him about it.汤姆要是早点儿遇到了我，我也许把这件事告诉过他了。（省略if就要将谓语部分的动词调到句首）真题：1. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (xx上海)A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall. 解析：这是混合时态、混合语气的主从复合句。主句is hard是陈述语气；宾语从句里的主句谓语would be doing是“与现在事实不符”的虚拟语气；if引导的条件句谓语应该要是与过去事实不符的虚拟语气，因为at the age of seven是明确的时间状语。故选B。2. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now. (xx上海)A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 解析：时间状语just now和过去时态连用，因此这是与过去事实不符的虚拟语气。故选C。3. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. (xx上海)A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 解析：从逻辑的角度看，转折副词otherwise后面总是要接虚拟语气。该句中hesitated是过去时态，故选D。4. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. (xx广西)A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving 解析：8:30就应到达，但是现在还没有出现。Should含有轻微的指责意。故选A。5. Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. 23. (xx福建)You _ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told 解析：原因同上。故选D。6. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. (xx全国) A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 解析：你不应该一句话不说就离家出走的，但是你却这样做了，用虚拟语气。故选B。）与将来事实可能不符的条件句If it were to rain this afternoon, the football match would be put off till next Friday.如果今天下午下雨，足球赛就推迟到下一周星期五。Did Tom e tomorrow(=If Tom came tomorrow), we should show him around our campus.如果汤姆明天来，我们应该带领他参观我们的校园。If they should play the match against us, we should get the team well organized and try our best to beat them.如果他们真的和我们打比赛，我们应该好好地组织并努力战胜他们。注意：条件句引导词if若被省略，该条件句则倒装。在实际使用中，虚拟语气和陈述语气会出现在同一主从复合句里。所以，我们要注意混合语气、混合时态的使用。比如：If I had known her earlier, I might have fallen in love with her. But what a pity, now she has been others bride.我如果早一些时候认识她，我也许会爱上她的。可是，可惜啊，她现在成了别人的新娘。If I had been informed yesterday, I should know what to do now.昨天要是有人告诉我，我现在就知道做什么了。真题：I _ pay Tracy a visit, but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. (xx浙江)A. should B. might C. would D. could 解析：根据but引导的转折分句看，visit如果要发生，也应该是周末的事。故选A。2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用在英语里，wish/advise/suggest(建议)/demand/insist(坚决主张)/ask(要求)/order/require/desire/propose/urge/prefer等动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，除wish以外，其结构都是“should+原形动词”，should可以被省略。在与这些动词对应的名词后的同谓语从句、表语从句里也要用这种结构的虚拟语气。I wish I would be manager of this pany after I graduate from the college.我希望大学毕业后能做这个公司的经理。I wish I had enough money on me now.我希望现在手头有足够的钱。I wish I had met the beautiful young lady yesterday.我希望昨天见过那位年轻漂亮的女士了。The head-teacher asked that the classroom (should) be cleaned right away.班主任要求学生们立即打扫教室。真题：1. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02上海)A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 解析：就本句看，是描述一般情况，表达与现在的愿望之间的距离或者叫与现在事实不符的虚拟语气。故选B。2. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. (xx上海)A. might B. need C. should D. would 解析：该宾语从句描述“想象”与“现实”之间的差距，也是与现在事实不符的虚拟语气。故选C。3. 虚拟语气在as if(though) /even if(though)等句子中的使用We should act as if she were watching us.我们要表现出好像她在看着我们。I couldnt help even though I had been there at the moment.即使我当时在场，我也没有办法。4. 虚拟语气在It is important/ necessary/ desirable/ possible/ natural/ essential that-clause以及would rather/sooner后的从句中和其他的特殊结构中的使用。比如：Its necessary that you (should) keep your safety belt on at all times 你有必要始终系好安全带。Its strange that they (should) feel so angry.真奇怪，他们感到那么生气。Its a pity that they should have forgotten to tell you about it.真遗憾，他们竟然忘记了通知你这件事。Id rather you came tomorrow.我倒希望你明天来。If only he were alive.他活着就好了。Its (high) time that we went home.我们应该回家。真题：If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. (00上海)A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 解析：在他“现在”遭罪之前应遵医嘱“静卧”，但他过去没有。与过去事实不符，故选C。