2019-2020年高中英语 Unit16 Stories语法.剖析.活用 北师大版选修6.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 Unit16 Stories语法.剖析.活用 北师大版选修6过去完成时概念过去完成时表示在过去某个时间以前发生的动作或存在的状态。He was the violinist that I had met once before. 用于间接引语在间接引语的谓语动词said , told , asked ,后面的从句中，常常用过去完成时态，表示在谈话或产生想法之前已经发生的动作。He said that he had witnessed the earthquake in 1976.用于宾语从句中过去完成时态常常用于thought, wondered, guessed, found, realized等词的宾语从句中，表示在过去的某个心里活动之前的动作。When he came back, he found that great change had taken place in Pompeii.用于复合句中中过去完成时态常常用于含有 when , before , after , until , hardly when,no sooner than等连词的复合句中，主句谓语和从句谓语表示过去的动作，但是，发生的时间不同，先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。When I woke up, the volcano had already stopped giving out ashes.用于含有by时间点的句子中过去完成时常与by the end of last week（month，year），by the last week（month）等词连用。表示截止到某个时间为止，已经发生的动作。By the end of , thirty volcanoes had erupted in the Pacific Ocean.一般过去时与过去完成时的区别一般过去时表示在过去某个时间点或时间段发生的动作或存在的状态。常常与at, when, before, after连用。 Helen Keller came across the flowing water.过去完成时表示的动作或存在的状态是在过去某一时间以前发生的，即“过去的过去”。 其构成是had +过去分词构成。-|-|- 过去完成时 一般过去时 现在 Anne realized Helen had felt the water flowing.注意事项表示过去的连续动作时，常用and和but等连词表示动作发生的先后顺序，通常用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。He bought a videophone but soon it didnt work.【活学巧用】.把下列直接引语变为间接引语1. Mr. Smith said to me, “ I have finished cleaning the abandoned house.” 2. “ I have known the volcano very well,” said the scientist. 3.“Ive bought a new harp,” she said to me. 4. “Have you watered your violet, Tim?” the mother asked. 5.“Her words puzzled me very much because I didnt then understand anything ,”said Helen. .完成句子1. Marx wrote back telling Engels that .(极大地鼓励了他)2. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we . (在这之前，见面好几次)3. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium . (已经完工了)4. The news came as no surprise to me. I (已经知道一些时间了) that the factory was going to shut down.5. I arrived late; I (没有预料到) the road to be so icy. .1.He told me that he had finished cleaning the abandoned house.2.The scientist said that he had known the volcano very well. 3.She told me that she had bought a new harp.4.The mother asked Tim whether he had watered his violet.5.Helen said her words had puzzled her very much because she hadnt then understand anything.1.his praise had greatly encouraged him.2.had seeneach other a couple of times before that.3.had been pletedin Beijing.4.had knownfor some time5.hadnt expected单项填空1.(全国卷I,27)Mike didnt play football yesterday because he had _ his leg. A.damaged B.hurt C.hit D.struck【思路解析】本题考查过去完成时态中的动词词义辨析。damage指“破坏，损坏”；hurt“伤害，使受伤”； hit“击中，打中”；strike指“击打，敲打”。句意为“Mike不能踢球是因为他的腿受伤了。”故hurt符合要求。 答案：B 2. (全国III,12) John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _ for the wedding. A. will plan B. has planned C. would planD. had planned【思路解析】D 为婚礼作计划的动作发生在花费spend之前，因此用过去完成时态had planned。3. (天津,3)-Did Linda see the traffic accident?-No, no sooner than it happened.A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone【思路解析】A “她一走就发生了”，no sooner than表示一就，其中no sooner之后用过去完成时，than之后用一般过去时。当no sooner位于句首时，句子要进行部分倒装。主句的动作先发生，用过去完成时态，从句的动作后发生，用一般过去时态。4.(湖南24) I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I _to half a dozen other groups.A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given【思路解析】C说话人向other groups做报告发生在向a large group of people做报告之前，此句前半句是一般过去进行时，定语从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前, 所以用过去完成时。5. (北京，24) He _ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned 【思路解析】D when引导的时间状语从句过去完成时态,表示动作发生在he entered the university之前。6. (福建, 28) Father _ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him. A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left【思路解析】D 根据所提供的情景可判断出父亲出发去伦敦的动作发生在my arrival 之前， 所以用过去完成时态，表示“过去的过去”。have sth. done意为使（让、请）别人做某事。其中have是使役动词，意为“使、让”, 而不是“有”的意思，后接宾语sth., 过去分词done作宾语补足语,表示动作是别人做的，不是由句子的主语完成的,有意识地让别人替自己做事, sth. 与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。He has had his hair cut. 他请人给他理发了。 The princess is going to have her new clothes made by a young tailor. 公主打算要一个轻的裁缝给她做一套新衣服。表示遭遇到不幸的事情。此时，主语是无意中的受害者，而不是动作的执行者。He had his leg injured while playing football.他在踢足球时腿受了伤。The girl had her precious musical instrument in the storm last Sunday.那个女孩在暴风雨中，伤了她的宝贵的乐器。此种结构的否定式，即not have sth done 偶尔用来表示不允许发生某事。 We wont have anything said against our violinist.我们不允许人这样攻击我们的小提琴家。have sb do sth. have + sb. （宾语） + do sth （宾语补足语）意为“让 / 叫 / 使某人做某事”。have 是使役动词， sb. 作宾语，其后的 do sth. 是省去 to 的动词不定式,作宾语补足语。My father often has me study for 10 hours a day. 父亲经常要我一天学习 10 个小时。The novelist had the victim talk about the volcanic eruption. 那位小说家让那位受害者谈及火山的爆发。have sth./sb. doing使某物或某人正在做某事”。其中have也是使役动词（让、使、叫），后接复合宾语，其宾补是现在分词，表示宾语和宾补之间不但存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，而且是主动关系，即宾语是宾补现在分词动作的执行者。强调正在进行或同时进行的动作。You would have everybody teasing you if you did such a tiresome thing.如果你做这样令人厌烦的事情， 你将使得每个人嘲笑你。The scientists have the workers working day and night in the Pompeiis ruins now.科学家现在使得工人们正在在旁贝废墟里工作。此结构常用于否定式，表示“不能让”，“不允许”。 I will not have you talking to Mother like that. 我不能让你和妈这样说话。 have sth to do有某事要做, have是谓语动词，意为 “有”，不定式to do是宾语sth.的定语，句子的主语是不定式动作的执行者。 不定式若用被动式，则句子的主语就不是不定式动作的执行者了。He will have his biology to write. 他要写他的传记。I have my biology to be written.我要找人写我的传记。汉译英1.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。 2.我要叫孩子去寄这封信。3.你最好把车子开慢点。 4.你有什么东西需要带到城里去吗？5.他应该用这块绚丽多彩的布料做一身新衣服。1.We had the machine mended just now. 2.I will have my boy mail this letter. 3.Youd better have your car running slowly. 4.Have you anything to be taken to the city by me or someone else?5.Heshouldhavenewclothesmadeofthissplendidcloth.