2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习Module3TheViolenceofNature讲义外研版必修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习Module3TheViolenceofNature讲义外研版必修一积词汇见多识广课内单词回扣(一)阅读词汇写其义1disaster n 灾难2hurricane n 飓风3lightning n. 闪电 4thunderstorm n. 雷暴5column n. 柱状物；柱状体 6current n. 海流；潮流7tropical adj. 热带的 8wave n. 波浪9ash n. 灰 10volcano n. 火山11previous adj. 以前的 12earthquake n. 地震(二)表达词汇写其形1cause vt. 引起；导致 2bury vt. 埋葬3occur vi. 发生 4damage n& v. 损失；损害5ruin vt. 毁坏 6worldwide adj. 全世界的7strike vt.& n. (雷电、暴风雨等)袭击(三)拓展词汇灵活用1.furniture n家具furnish vt.在(房屋等)处布置家具；向(某人或某事物)提供*2.experience vt.经历；体验n. 经历；经验experienced adj.有经验的3.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；暴力的violence n暴力4.erupt vt.(火山的)爆发；喷发eruption n(火山的)爆发；喷发*5.possibility n可能；可能性possible adj.可能的possibly adv.可能地impossible adj.不可能的*6.terrifying adj.吓人的；可怕的terrified adj.感到害怕的；极度恐惧的terrify vt.使害怕；使恐惧*7.thankfully adv.感激地；满怀感谢地thankful adj.感激的；感谢的thank vt.& n感谢8.luckily adv.幸运地；幸亏lucky adj.幸运的luck n运气；幸运9.hopefully adv.满怀希望地；有希望地hopeful adj.有希望的hope v& n希望；期望*10.warning n警告warn v警告11.active adj.积极的；活跃的activity n活动用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空1Experienced workers are badly needed in our factory. If you have previous experience in this kind of work, call me right now. (experience)2Thankfully,_I managed to pay off all my debts before we got married. We should be thankful that my boss had given me much help.(thank)3What happened without any previous warning that day terrified all the passengers aboard the train. It was really a terrifying scene, and many people are still terrified at the thought of taking a highspeed train.(terrify)4The terrible weather made it impossible for us to go on vacation and there is a possibility that the trip plan would be abandoned.(possible)5He warned me not to leave without permission, but I didnt accept his warning.(warn)话题单词积累1drought /drat/ n干旱2sandstorm /sn(d)stm/ n. 沙尘暴3typhoon /taIfun/ n. 台风4tsunami /tsunmI/ n. 海啸5landslide /ln(d)slaId/ n. 山体滑坡6mudslide /mdslaId/ n. 泥石流7wildfire /waIl(d)faI/ n. 野火8shortage /tId/ n. 缺乏9destroy /dIstrI/ vt. 摧毁，破坏10disappear /dIspI/ vi. 消失11threaten /ret()n/ v. 威胁12predict /prIdIkt/ vt. 预报，预言，预告13frighten /fraIt()n/ vt. 使惊恐14consequence /knsIkw()ns/ n. 结果，后果15decline /dIklaIn/ v. 减少，下降；衰退；谢绝16decrease /dIkris/ v. 减少，减小，降低17harmony /hmnI/ n. 和谐18uncertain /nst()n/ adj. 不确定的19natural /nt()r()l/ adj. 自然的20nature/neIt/ n. 自然；性质；种类21punish/pnI/ vt. 惩罚，处罚22punishment /pnIm()nt/ n. 惩罚手段；处罚23suffer /sf/ vi. 受苦；遭受24proper /prp/ adj. 适当的，合适的25surrounding /srandI/ adj. 周围的26survival /svaIv()l/ n. 幸存；存活27survive /svaIv/ v. 幸存28tolerate /tlreIt/ vt. 容许，允许；忍受29unbearable /nberb()l/ adj.难耐的， 无法接受的30unbelievable /nbIlivb()l/ adj. 难以置信的 二积短语顿挫抑扬课内短语回扣(一)根据汉语写出下列短语*1.pick_up卷起；拾起；搭载；(偶然)学会*2.take_off 去掉；脱掉；起飞；兴旺3.on_average 平均起来*4.end_up 结果为；以结束*5.in_all 总共；总计*6.set_fire_to 放火(焚烧)7.catch_fire 着火*8.put_out 扑灭(火)9.take_place 发生10.do_damage_to 对造成损害(二)用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子1Its surprising that your brother picked_up Russian so quickly he hasnt lived there very long. 2At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended_up apologizing.3Only the shell of the factory is left after the fire has been put_out.4The accident happened as the plane was about to take_off.5How much do you have to pay in_all if the four of you go together?6The gas main exploded suddenly and as a result, set_fire_to the house.话题短语积累1donate . to . 向捐赠2e to ones rescue 前来救某人3be trapped in ruins 被困在废墟中4rebuild ones home 重建某人的家园5have much to do with 与有很大的关系6millions upon millions of 数百万7be/bee aware of/that 意识到8from bad to worse 每况愈下9to make matters worse 使事情更糟糕的是10on account of 因为，由于11be faced with 面临12wipe out 彻底摧毁13recover from 从中恢复14cut down 砍倒15volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事16bring . under control 对加以控制17in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处18take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事19as a result 结果，因此20do ones best 尽力三积句式写作扮靓课内句式仿写1leave宾语宾语补足语例句They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.仿写这种行为让我们陷入沉思之中。Such behavior left_us_lost_in_thought.2现在分词短语作结果状语例句On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.仿写大自然为我们的祖国提供了丰富的自然宝藏，使之成为我们幸福的家园。Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures, making_it_a_happy_home for us.3by the time引导的时间状语从句例句By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.仿写等到我们回来时，他们都已经睡着了。By_the_time_we_came_back,_they had all fallen asleep.4there is the possibility of有的可能性例句When the lava reached the sea, there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island.仿写踢足球有可能会带来伤害。There_is_the_possibility_of injury when playing football.话题佳句背诵1A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, leaving badly damaged buildings.一场剧烈的地震几乎毁了一切，留下了严重受损的建筑物。2Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.有时候，微笑会如此有力量以至于它给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。3The earthquake caused structural damage to most of the buildings in the town.这次地震给城镇的大部分建筑造成了结构性的破坏。4The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the disasterstricken areas.这个国家已经为灾区无家可归的人们提供了食品和衣物。5It is wellknown that the global water shortage is being increasingly severe mainly due to global warming.众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。四背语段语感流畅In the past hundred years, there have been violent natural disasters occurring worldwide, such as floods, droughts, mudslides and earthquakes. The disasters have caused millions upon millions of people deaths, destroyed countless homes, and wiped out numerous pieces of fertile land.Now more and more people bee aware that what we have done have done damage to the earth. So it is urgent for us to stop damaging it, and to do our best to protect it, for we have nowhere to go and survive except where we are now.在过去几百年里，全世界一直有强烈的自然灾害发生，如洪水、干旱、泥石流和地震。这些灾害导致数千万人死亡，毁坏了无数的家园，摧毁了许多肥沃的土地。现在越来越多的人意识到我们的所作所为已经对地球造成了破坏。因此停止破坏地球并尽力保护它刻不容缓，因为除非在现在的地方我们没有别的地方生存。第一板块重点词汇突破师生共研词汇1experience vt.经历；体验 n经历；经验高考佳句After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school.(xx北京高考书面表达)热烈讨论之后，我们一致同意制作一个视频以记录我们的学校经历。(1)with much/rich experience具有丰富的经验by/from ones experience 根据某人的经验看have experience in . 有的经验(2)experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的be experienced in/at 在方面有经验Robert is a worker with much experience, so it will make up for his lack of academic knowledge.罗伯特是一位经验丰富的工人，因此这可以弥补他学识上的不足。As a nurse, she is experienced (experience) in looking after children.作为护士，她有照料孩子的经验。A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.(xx浙江高考单选)突然停下可能是一次非常可怕的经历，尤其是你正在高速行进的时候。名师指津experience作“经历，体验”讲时，是可数名词；作“经验”讲时，是不可数名词，前面可以用little, much等词修饰。2bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心教材原句The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlans coffin ended up in the sea.掩埋科格伦的公墓被飓风所摧毁，他的棺材最后被卷入了大海。bury ones head/face in ones hands用手捂住头/脸bury oneself in be buried in 埋头于；专注于Ever since he moved there, he has buried himself in his research work.Ever since he moved there, he has_been_buried_in his research work.自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。Burying (bury) herself in her study, Linda had little experience in getting along with boys.Buried (bury) in her study, Linda had little experience in getting along with boys.由于专心学习，琳达对于怎样与男孩交往没有什么经验。联想发散表示“专注于，致力于，全神贯注于”的短语还有：be devoted todevote oneself to 专心于，致力于be absorbed in 全神贯注于，专心于concentrate on 集中精力于，专心于focus on 集中精力于，专心于fix ones attention on 全神贯注于，专心于occupy oneself in doing/with be occupied with 专心于，忙于3occur vi.发生；出现；(想法、念头等)想起，浮现教材原句Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国东南部的得克萨斯州到北部南达科他州一带地区。sth.occur(s) to sb.某人突然想起某事；某事突然出现在某人头脑中It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想到做某事Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.(xx辽宁高考书面表达)除了你奇妙的创意作品外，你还需要提交一份报告，解释你是怎么想到这个点子的，你用的是什么材料。It occurred to me to_visit (visit) my teacher.我突然想到要去看看我的老师。It didnt occur to him that she would refuse his invitation.他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。4strike vt.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；突然想到；打动；敲钟；擦，燃(火柴)；击中 n(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；罢工教材原句By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.到19世纪90年代末他已搬到了加尔维斯顿，并于1899年，也就是飓风袭击的前一年在那里去世。一词多义写出下列句中strike的含义I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning.敲打He quickly struck a match to light his cigarette.擦，燃It gave me a shock that an apple fell off the tree and struck me on the head.击中I had an extremely narrow escape when the earthquake struck my city.袭击I was struck by his inspiring words, and I decided to cooperate with him. 打动(1)strike sb.介词the身体部位 打某人某处sth.strikes sb. 某人突然想起某事It strikes sb. that ./It strikes sb.to do . 某人突然想到(2)be on strike 在罢工go on strike 举行罢工Staff at the hospital went_on_strike to protest against the incident.医院员工举行罢工，以抗议这起事件。It_struck_me_that the phone number I had told them was wrong.我突然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错的。5ruin vt.毁坏；毁灭n.C(pl.)废墟，遗迹；U毁坏，毁灭教材原句She returned home and found all her furniture had been ruined by the flood.她回到家发现所有的家具都已被洪水毁坏了。lie/be in ruins成为废墟；遭到严重破坏fall into ruin 毁灭；毁坏e/go to ruin 毁灭；落空be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being_reduced (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.在遭受大规模的地震并成为废墟之后不久，那个城市就呈现出了崭新的面貌。No matter how famous a brand is, it can be in_ruins once it betrays the trust of consumers.无论一个品牌多有名气，一旦辜负了消费者的信任它就有可能会毁灭。In some places, roads built to help farmers fell_into_ruin/came_to_ruin.在一些地方，用来帮助农民修建的道路被毁坏了。词汇过关练.单句语法填空1Did it ever occur to you that you might be invited to the ceremony?2I was buried in reading Pride and Prejudice the whole day. Its ages since I enjoyed myself so much.3The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us lie awake all night.4(xx全国卷书面表达)As to the activities, we plan to invite experienced (experience) players to give training to us every Friday afternoon.5Faced with the increasing unemployment, many people went on strike in most of the European countries.6I still dont know what caused the puter to_crash (crash)7As long as there is the possibility of saving (save) our planet, take action now before it is too late.8Fortunately (fortunate), he passed the exam and was admitted to the college he had been dreaming about.9Overuse of puters will contribute to the failure of our eyesight, which is a warning (warn) to us all.10We are hopefully (hope) confident that we can overe the difficulties.单句改错1The author of the book had a lot of difficult experience in his life.experienceexperiences2Because they were to move to a new house, they bought a lot of furnitures. furnituresfurniture3Earthquakes are among the most powerful disasters on earth, and their results can be terrified.terrifiedterrifying4A strange idea was occurred to him when he was wandering in the street.去掉第一个was5They found the remains of buildings buring under the sand.buringburied.单句写作(一句多译)1专心于读报，他没注意到他的爸爸。Absorbed_in_his_newspaper,_he didnt take notice of his dad.(absorb)Buried_in_reading_his_newspaper,_he didnt take notice of his dad.(bury)Concentrating_on_reading_his_newspaper,_he didnt take notice of his dad.(concentrate)Devoted_to_his_newspaper,_he didnt take notice of his dad.(devote)2他突然想到他把自己的钥匙忘在办公室里了。It_suddenly_occurred_to_him_that he had left his keys in the office.(occur)It_suddenly_struck_him_that he had left his keys in the office.(strike)3中国是世界第二大经济体，在经济发展方面有经验。China is the worlds second largest economy and has_experience_in economic development.(experience)China is the worlds second largest economy and is_experienced_in economic development.(experienced)第二板块短语、句式突破1pick up卷起；掀起；拾起，捡起，拿起；接收(信号)；(偶然)学会；收拾，整理；(用车)接(人)；(健康、生意等)好转，恢复；买到教材原句Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street or even in the next town.龙卷风能卷起汽车、火车，甚至房子，把它们卷到旁边的街道甚至能卷到邻近的城镇。一词多义写出下列句中pick up的含义The school bus picks up the children three times every day. (用车)接The room must be picked up before the guests arrive.收拾，整理My friend began to pick up after staying in hospital for several days.恢复；好转The twin sisters were shopping for hours on Womens Day and managed to pick up bags of bargains.买到The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite.接收(信号)pick oneself up(跌倒后)站起来；振作起来pick up speed 加速pick out 挑出；选出；辨认出She picked_herself_up and dusted herself off.她跌倒后站起来，擦掉身上的灰尘。This picture was taken twenty years ago. I wonder if you can pick out my younger brother.这张照片是20年前照的。我想知道你能否认出我弟弟。2end up结果为；以结束经典例句While studying, fix your mind on what is really important, or you will end up remembering nothing.在学习的时候，应该关注重要的内容，否则你什么都记不住。end up doing sth. 最终做某事end (up) in 以告终；结果为end (up) with 以结束(指以某种方式结束)end up as 最终成为I thought I would be punished for the broken glasses but I ended up being_praised (praise) for my honesty.我原以为我会因打破眼镜而受到惩罚，但后来却因诚实而受到了表扬。He began his life as a poor man, but ended up as a millionaire.他出身贫寒，但最终成为百万富翁。If we neglect our future, well end up in failure.如果我们忽视我们的未来，我们就会以失败告终。名师指津end up in后接表示结果的名词；end up with后接表示伴随方式的名词或短语。3They can destroy houses, but leave_the_furniture_inside_exactly_where_it_was.它们(龙卷风)能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。句中leave用作使役动词，表示“使/让保持某种状态”，常跟复合宾语，具体构成如下：(1)leave宾语名词/形容词/副词/介词短语(2)leave宾语分词，宾语与宾语补足语之间如果是逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词；如果是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词(3)leave宾语不定式(4)leave宾语where引导的地点状语从句(5)leave宾语as引导的方式状语从句His father died of a sudden disease, leaving (leave) them a lot of debts.他父亲死于急病，留给他们很多债务。On hearing the bad news, he hurried home, leaving the book lying (lie) open on the table.一听到这个坏消息他就匆忙回家了，那本书还打开着放在桌子上。She must have left the handbag where she often has a date with her boyfriend.她肯定是把手提包忘在了她经常和男友约会的地方了。短语、句式过关练.pick短语填空1In a secondhand market you can often pick_up a car in good condition with much less money than its usual price.2He was picked_out from the whole school to give a speech to the freshmen.end up单句语法填空1Mary worked here as a temporary secretary and ended up getting (get) a fulltime job with the pany.2Be careful while you are driving, or you will end up in an accident.3As a child, he wished to bee a singer, but he ended up as a driver.4The lecture ended up with a poem of an ancient Chinese poet.用下列短语完成下面语段pick up， put out， catch fire， set fire to， end up inThe supermarket 1.caught_fire (着火) last week. Fortunately firefighters arrived in time to 2.put_out (扑灭) the fire. The police found out that it was some teenagers who 3.set_fire_to (放火焚烧) it. Thats because they 4.picked_up (染上) a bad habit taking drugs. After they took drugs, they couldnt control themselves. If they cant get rid of the bad habit, they will 5.end_up_in (以告终) prison.“leave复合结构”单句语法填空1They covered him with a blanket, only leaving his eyes exposed (expose)2The teacher left little Tom standing (stand) all the time.3Having finished reading the book, he left it where it was.提能一用课文词汇写高分作文disaster， occur， cause， violent， hurricane， strike， bury， experienced， terrifying， ruin， on average， take place1补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)平均起来，每年都会发生各种各样的自然灾害。On_average,_all kinds of natural disasters will take_place every year.昨天一场强烈的飓风突然袭击了该地区。A violent hurricane suddenly struck the area yesterday.这导致了很多房屋和车辆被毁。It caused the ruin of many houses and cars.甚至有两人被埋在倒塌的房屋下。Even two persons were buried under the collapsed houses.这次事故发生后，人们赶来把他们从房屋废墟中救了出来。People came to save them from the ruins of the houses after it occurred.在将来，有可能有经验的专家能够准确地预测一些可怕的自然灾害。It is possible that the experienced experts will be able to forecast some terrifying natural disasters accurately in the future.2升级平淡句(1)用现在分词短语作结果状语连接句和句A_violent_hurricane_suddenly_struck_the_area_yesterday,_causing_the_ruin_of_many_houses_and_cars.(2)用There is a possibility that .句式改写句There_is_a_possibility_that_the_experienced_experts_will_be_able_to_forecast_some_terrifying_natural_disasters_accurately_in_the_future.3衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：whats more, fortunately)On average, all kinds of natural disasters will take place every year. A violent hurricane suddenly struck the area yesterday, causing the ruin of many houses and cars. Whats worse, even two persons were buried under the collapsed houses. Fortunately, people came to save them from the ruins of the houses after it occurred. There is a possibility that the experienced experts will be able to forecast some terrifying natural disasters accurately in the future.提能二用课文句型解构高考长难句本单元突破点定语从句时间状语从句经典例句比较分析真题尝试翻译课文长难句By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.由关系代词where引导的定语从句，由连词before引导的时间状语从句。在人们把这座城市当作雇主来支付城市员工酬劳之前，必须彻底转变态度。真题长难句There had to be a plete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. (xx江苏高考阅读理解D)由连词before引导的时间状语从句，由关系代词who引导的定语从句。“自然与环境”是高中新课程标准24个话题之一，也是高考常考的一个热点话题。该话题包括动物、植物和生态保护，自然灾害，陆地和天体，国家和人口，家庭、学校和周边设施，环境污染与动植物保护等子话题。这些话题与学生的生活紧密相关。本模块的子话题“大自然的力量”更是与生活密切联系。纵观近年高考，在完形填空、阅读理解、写作等题型中均有考查，应引起考生的重视。一、话题与语篇考题示例(xx江苏高考阅读C)1El ， a Spanish term for “the Christ child，” was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.2The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful s， on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong in 199798 helped Americas economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural ines in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.3But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multiyear drought (干旱) in southeast Brazil is being worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nin may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.4The most recent powerful ， in 199798, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth 36 billion around the globe. But such S e with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI ), however, just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction.5Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbr