2019-2020年高二英语Unit3 Art and architecture课本原文 人教版.doc

2019-2020年高二英语Unit3 Art and architecture课本原文 人教版Architecture looks at the man-made living environmentEvery great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty expressed in art and architectureWhen you look around at buildings, streets，squares and parksyou will find them designed，planned and built in different styles.Modernism was invented in the 1920s by a group of architects who wanted to change society with buildings that went against peoples feeling of beautyThey wanted their buildings constructed in a way to look unnaturalWhile in traditional architecture materials such as earth，stone，brick and wood are used，the materials of modern architecture are steel, glass and concrete. To many people modern architecture equals progress. Developing countries want to build the most modern-looking buildings as the first step towards being a modern country Modern buildings impress us because they are huge, but many people do not find them beautiful. The buildings look like boxes with flat roofs，sharp ers and glass walls that act as mirrors. You do not feel invited to enter themEverything about these buildings seems hard and unfriendlyAncient architecture shows US many beautiful buildingsThese include great examples such as Taihe Dian，the Temple of Heaven or the great European cathedralsBoth in the choice of materials and shape of buildings，ancient architecture stands much closer to natureNature does not have any straight linesAntonio Gaudi，a Spanish architectwas the first to understand thatThere are not any sharp ers or straight lines in any of his designsHe only wanted natural materials，such as stone，brick and wood to be used and many parts of his buildings look like things we find in natureIn some of his architecture，balconies look like eyesother parts look like bones，the walls seem to be covered with the skin of a fish, while the roof looks like the back of a dragonMost of Gaudis works were constructed in and around BarcelonaLooking at the architecture by Gaudi is like a dream，full of fantastic colours and shapesDespite the fact that he used traditional materials，Gaudi was a modern architectIn fact, there are other modern architects who use designs from nature when they create their buildingsFrank Lloyd Wright，who built an art museum in New York，found himself inspired by Japanese seashellsAnother famous building that makes people think of seashells is the Opera House in Sydney, though it makes other people think of ship sailsThe xx Olympic Stadium in Beijing is another design that makes us think about natureSeen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel, and it looks just like a birds nest made of tree branchesBirds fill up the spaces between the branches of their nests with soft materialsJust so，the spaces in the structure of the stadium will be filled with huge plastic bags full of airAlthough the stadium will be made of concrete and steel，the flowing lines and round shapes make the building look warm and friendlyBA SECOND LIFE FOR FACTORY 798Everywhere in the world old buildings，such as schools，hospitals，factories and even churches are left empty because they are no longer neededIt is usually difficult to find other panies to move into the Old buildingsbecause the floor plan the size and the number of halls does not fit their panyOften，these buildings are pulled down after having stood empty without use for many yearsFactory 798 in the east of Beijing was a building like thatOnce an important army factory in Beijing，Factory 798 was designed by East German architects and built with Russian help in the early 1950sIt is one of the most important examples of factory architecture left from that timeThe huge factory halls of brick and glass were built in the 1920s modern styleThey are decorated with small round windows that remind you of ships，bent roofs and twenty-foot high walls of glass that make them special when pared with other architecture from the same periodThe simple style of the buildings and the fact that they are German set them aside as very different from Chinese architecture.When the army factory moved some years ago，the factory buildings were no longer usedUntil about a year ago most of the workshops in the factory stood empty. Some art panies asked if they could move into the empty space and rent parts of the factoryThis was the beginning of the development of this area into a centre for the arts，bringing together Chinese artists，art panies，musicians，a Japanese teahouse，a Sichuan restaurant，a bookshop and a dance club.Old factory buildings have many halls and workshops of different sizesPainters and other artists can move into the smaller rooms to use them as studios to paint，while music bands rent space to practice. Smaller halls can be changed into shops and restaurants while the main factory hall can be used for concerts，parties and dance festivalsYoung，beginning artists and musicians often do not have enough money to rent studios or other buildings practise，perform or even work and liveThey like these buildings because the rooms and halls are often very large，which is good for artists who want to make large objectsBesides，many of these buildings were constructed far from the city，so that people in the neighbourhood are not disturbed when rock musicians move in and practise for a concert.Many large cities，such as Liverpool and New York，have had experiments of this kind，with old factories turned into successful arts centresIn almost every city around the world，new uses are given to old buildingsIt is a great way to save the architecture from the pastCIntegrating SkillsTHE FUNCTION OF ARTWe see art everywhere around usIn public parks，city squares，shopping streets and public buildings，we find modern art objects on displayClassical art，such as valuable paintings，precious statues and other fine arts，usually ends up in the collections of museums，panies or rich peopleAlthough we can see some of it in museums，those other art collections are not open to the publicBoth art and architecture have a history of agesAll forms and ways of expressing beauty have been exploredIn the case of architecture，many buildings that were designed in the past have proven to be beautiful and served their purposesGovernments and panies could save millions of dollars by building or copying designs of architecture of buildings from the pastThere are still many designs for buildings made by famous architects that were never realisedBesides，some people find modern architecture uglySo why should we pay a lot of money to architects for designing new buildings?The same holds for modern art，both paintings and statuesMany art objects that have been created in the past are now covered by dust in storeroomsThese storerooms contain enough art to decorate all public buildings and other public placesThere is no need to create more art，and as with modern architecture，many people find new art difficult to understand or appreciateGiven these facts，why are architects and artists asked to create new art works? And why are we interested in creating new art and architecture，instead of using or copying what was made in the past? The answers to these questions have to do with the function of art in society todayFirst of all，the function of art is to decorateBy placing art works in parks and hanging paintings or drawings on the walls we make our living environment more beautifulWhen our eyes move across an empty wall they will for a few moments rest on a painting or other kind of work hung thereIt is a moment of fort and makes people feel goodSometimes，paintings are not beautiful at first glanceBut looking at them and thinking about them for a while or repeated viewing will help us to learn to appreciate themAnother function of art is enriching real life，as art is part of everyday lifeArt helps people to learn to think creativelyIn art things are not always what they seem to beArt objects in a park are sometimes funnyVery often you can hardly tell what they arePeople need such creative moments。It helps them to balance their mindsWhen we see art like that all around usit helps to make life more interestingFinally, art is often seen as a way to instruct the audienceStatues of heroes from the past remind us of our historyPaintings and other art objects can also help us to realise which goals we should set for ourselves and inspire US in our everyday workBecause ideas about society change and every period of time has its own taste，there is always a need for new artWe can still appreciate art works made in the past for their beauty, but they are often too valuable to be placed in public buildingsBesides，they also often need special protection1. Who owns collections of ancient statues and paintings?2. Why cant we use old art to decorate public buildings?3. What are the functions of an in society?