2019-2020年高中英语 Unit 17 Disabilities知识精讲 人教版第二册.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 Unit 17 Disabilities知识精讲 人教版第二册【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 17 Disabilities（一）重点单词（二）重点短语（三）重点句型二. 本周知识精讲：（一）重点单词1. assist vt.帮助；援助 (assisted, assisting, assists)短语assist (sb.)with sth.assist (sb.) in doing sth 帮助某人做某事assist (sb) to do sth.1）Two students assisted the professor with the experiment.两个学生帮助教授做这个实验。2）She asked us to assist her in carrying out the plan.她请我们帮她实施那项计划。3）The new mayor assisted us to establish a new pany.新市长帮我们成立了一家新公司。assistance n.帮助；协助(be of assistance=help)assistant n.助手；助理1）I cant move the heavy box without your assistance.没有你的帮助，我搬不动这只重箱子。2）Mary was accepted as the assistant of the professor.玛丽作为这位教授的助手被接受。2. adjust vt.调整；调节；使适应；使适合1）Will you adjust this digital camera? It doesnt work well.这个数码相机不好用，请你调一下好吗？2）You can adjust this desk to the height of any child.这桌子可以调整，以适应任何孩子的身高。3）Moving out of the well-lit office, my eyes havent adjusted to the dark.刚从灯火通明的办公室出来，我的眼睛还不适应黑暗。4）It needs some time for those new students to adjust (themselves)to the life of the school.需要一段时间让新同学适应学校生活。归纳：adjust vt.“调整，调节”，后面直接跟名词，代词作宾语。vi. “调整;适应”常与介词to连用。构成短语adjust (oneself)to3. participate vi.参与；参加；分享 多与介词in连用1）Eighty-seven developing countries are expected to participate.预计有87个发展中国家参加。2）The women model workers actively participate in local politics.这些女劳模积极参与当地政治。3）I am willing to participate in your suffering.我愿意分担你的痛苦。participation n.参加participant n.参加者1）Now they can seek bigger participation in mainland.现在他们可以在大陆寻求更大的参与机会。2）Though he has retired, he is an active participant in social work.尽管他已退休，他仍积极参与社会工作。4. accessible adj.可以使用的；可以得到的；能进入的；易受影响的；可以理解的 短语be accessible to sb.某人容易得到A telephone is put where it will be accessible.电话要放在容易拿到的地方。These documents are not accessible to the public.这些文件是大众无法得到的。A manager should be accessible to his/her staff.经理应该让职员感到平易近人。5. gifted adj.有天赋的；有天资的；有才华的 短语：have a gift for（be gifted in/ at）有的才能They are gifted children.他们是聪慧的儿童。The children are gifted at singing.孩子们有唱歌的天赋。Many thanks for the gift you sent me on my birthday.多谢你们在我过生日时送给我的礼物。The blind man has a gift for recognizing sound.盲人有识别声音的才能。6. ability n.能力；才能 （1）Un.表示“能力，行事能力”I doubt his ability to do the job.我认为他没有做这项工作的能力。（2）表示“有能力做某事或具备做某事的能力”常用“ability to do sth.”一般不用“ability of doing sth.”She has the ability to speak English fluently.她能够流利地说英文。（3）其复数abilities表示“才能；本领；能力”He is a man of many abilities. 他是位多才多艺的人。（4）短语：have ability in doing“有的才干”She has great ability in teaching English.她有教英文的才干。（5）ability的反义词是inability，“没有能力或没有才能”disability“指因先天缺陷或受伤变残而导致的无能”His inability to speak French puts him at a disadvantage.他不会说法语，这使他很吃亏。Physical disability causes mental anguish. 生理伤残会引起心理苦闷。Exercises :1. The chief scientist asked us to_ them in carrying through the plan.A. provide B. encourage C. assist D. persuade2. Can I be of_?Thats what I need.A. assist B. assistance C. assistant D. assisting3. You cant see through the telescope until it_ your eyes.A. adjusted to B. adjusts to C. is adjusted D. is adjusted to4. Adjusting oneself_ the fire in the army is what you do at the moment.A. for B. at C. by D. to5. More than ten countries_ the Iraq war, which has caused great suffering to the local people.A. attended B. joined C. participated in D. made6. Young people are longing to have opportunities of_ the social activities.A. participation B. participating in C. participants D. participating by7. Some of the houses on the hillside are_ to cars.A. inaccessible B. impossible C. inconvenient D. inadequate8. In the classroom he doesnt find a man to ask for help. He has lost all faith in his ability_.A. to succeed B. of success C. to success D. of succeeding答案：1. C2. B3. D4. D5. C6. B7. A8. A（二）重点短语1. She uses a wheelchair to get around and it often takes her a little longer to do everyday things.她用轮椅到处走动，在处理日常事情时，她所花的时间会比其他人稍微多一些。get around vi.（1）到处走动；（消息）传播出去；避开；1) He can get around/about again after the leg operation.腿部手术后，他又可以走动了。2)There is a rumour getting around that the boss has fallen in love with his secretary.有谣传说老板爱上了他的秘书。（2）逃避；绕过某困难；讨好；笼络某人 vt.1)Its wrong of them to get around the tax.他们逃税是错误的。2)We can get around the problem by building a space station.我们可以通过建立太空站来解决问题。3)He is always trying to get around his heads.他总是设法讨好他的上司们。(3)get的其他短语get along进展；相处 get away离开；离去 get back回来；收回 get by走过；避开 get down to静下心来；处理；开始认真做某事 get in插话；收获 get off下来；出发；动身；脱下 get on乘车；进步；相处 get on with sth继续某事 get out公布；出版 get over越过；克服 get through with完成；通过2. Maybe it is time for the rest of the society to accept me as I am and get used to the fact that while I may not be able to walk, there are many other great things I can do.也许是时候让社会上的其他人接受像我这样的人了。他们将会习惯这个事实：虽然我不会走路，但我可以做许多其他的大事。(1)get/be used to sth习惯于某事；适应于某事(to为介词，后加n.;pron& v.-ing)1)The two foreign teachers soon got used to eating with chopsticks.两名外教很快就习惯用筷子吃饭了。2)Its difficult for me to get/be used to this high-speed way of life.适应这种快节奏的生活方式对于我来说很难。（2）used to do sth.过去常常干某事（现在不再干）There used to be a lot of trees around the villages.过去这些村庄的周围有很多树。（3）be used to do sth.被用来做某事Wood can be used to make furniture and build houses.木材能用来做家具和建房屋。（4）Its no use doing sth.做没用There is no need to regret for what has happened. Its no use crying over spilt milk.没有必要后悔所发生的事情，哭也于事无补。课文里的其他短语：3. win/receive an rewards for 获奖4. achieve/reach ones goal in life达到生活目标5. realize ones dream实现梦想6. make a contribution to society为社会做贡献7. live with忍受；与共存8. develop ones potential发挥某人的潜力9. gain self-confidence获得自信10. have sympathy for sb.同情某人Exercises :1. All the snow and ice make it difficult for old people to_ very well.A. get around B. turn away C. pick up D. take off2. I have no formal clothes for the occasion. Perhaps I can _ in a dark suit.A. get around B. get down C. get by D. get at3. The new secretary has lived here for more than three weeks and she_the life here.A. has got used to B. gets used to C. was used to D. is getting used to4. He_ go to work by bus, but now he _riding a bicycle to work.A. used to; used to B. used to; is used to C. is used to; used to D. is used to; is used to5. I_ to be quite afraid to live in that country, but now I have_ to the life there.A. used; been used B. used; used C. was used; got used D. get used; been used（三）重点句型1. but I wish they wouldnt treat me as if I were a child.但是我希望他们不要把我看成小孩子。wish that但愿；要是就好了We wish it were spring all year round.要是一年到头都是春天就好了。I wish the mittee would be set up tomorrow.但愿委员会明天就成立。I wish I had seen the Foreign Minister at the press meeting yesterday.我要是昨天在记者招待会上见到外交部长就好了。归纳：wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，表示未能实现或不能实现的愿望，即与现实相反的主观设想。与现在相反时从句中用一般过去时形式；与过去相反时，从句中使用“had+过去分词”；与将来事实相反时，从句中用“would/could/might/should+动词原形”。拓展：与wish相同的句型：(1)If only句型中也用虚拟语气表示“要是多好”。与现在事实相反时，动词用过去时形式；与过去事实相反时，动词用“had+过去分词”；表示与将来事实相反时，动词用“would/could/might/should+动词原形”If only I had more time to think about this problem.我要是能有更多的时间考虑这个问题就好了。If only I hadnt lost my wallet.我要是没有丢失钱包该多好呀。If only we could graduate from university this year.如果我们今年毕业就好了。(2)as if(as though) “似乎；好像”此句型可引导方式状语从句，从句中可用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可用虚拟语气，表示与事实不符或与事实相反的情况。a. 表示与现在的事实不符，用一般过去时。The teacher treats the pupils as if they were her own child.这位老师对待这些学生就像她自己的亲生孩子一样。b. 表示与过去事实不相符，用过去完成时。Mary spoke in such a way as if she had grown up.玛丽说话的方式好像她已经长大了。c. 表示与将来的事实不符，用would/might/could /should+动词原形It looks as if it might rain.天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨）比较：He looks as if he were young.看样子他好像很年轻。（实际上他不年轻）He looks as if he is young.看样子他好像很年轻。（用陈述语气表示他就是年轻）注意：as if引导的方式状语从句可用省略形式，后面接名词、形容词、副词和介词短语，也可跟分词或不定式。1）The wounded soldier opened his mouth as if to speak.那个受伤的战士张开嘴巴好像要说话。2）His eldest son acted as if a fool.他的大儿子表现得像个傻子。3）The old woman set upon the thief as if mad.那个老妇人发疯似地扑向小偷。4）She talked to the stranger while walking, as if absent-mindedly.她边走边应付着那个陌生人，好像心不在焉。5）He opened the archive, as if in search of some militant information.他打开档案，好像要搜索什么重要军事情报。6）The boy is running impatiently here and there as if searching for something lost on the sports ground.这个男孩子急躁地跑来跑去，好像在找丢在操场上的什么东西。7）The football player is rolling on the ground as if hurt badly in the leg.那个足球运动员在地上滚来滚去，好像是腿部受了重伤。as if 也可引导表语从句，用在look, seem, smell, taste, sound等联系动词后，可用陈述语气或虚拟语气；如从句表示的情况不是事实，通常用虚拟语气。It looks as if we are going to miss the train.好像我们赶不上火车了。You look as if you were at least ten years younger.你看上去好像至少年轻了十岁。Exercises:1. We wish you _with us, but we know how busy you are.A. would have e B. could e C. could be ing D. had e 2. How I wish I_ you about the good news earlier.A. could tell B. had told C. will tell D. have told3. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I_ your advice.A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow4. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken5. He was working hard as if he_ last week.A. wasnt ill B. wouldnt be ill C. hadnt been ill D. isnt ill6. The two girls talked as if they _friends for years.A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been翻译：7. 但愿我再年轻一次就好了。_.8. 我希望能飞到月球上度假。_.9. He walked_(好像是喝醉了).10. The young man with long hair_(看上去像个女的).11. He looked_(好像已经知道一些情况).答案：1. B2. B3. C4. C5. C6. D 7. I wish I were young again.8. I wish I could fly to the moon for holiday. 9. as if he had been drunk.10. looks as if he were a girl.11. as if he had known something about it.2. They need recognition, more than sympathy and help. A. “more than名词”表示“不仅仅是”、“不只是” 1)Modern science is more than a large amount of information. 现代科学不仅仅是指大量的信息。 2) Jack is more than a lecturer, he is a writer, too. 杰克不仅是讲师，他还是一名作家。 B. “more than数词，表示“超过”，相当于over 3)I have known David for more than 20 years. 我认识大卫二十多年了。 4) The old man standing over there is over /more than 60. 站在那里的那位老人六十多岁了。C. “more than形容词”相当于“很”或“非常”的意思 5)In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments. 在做科学实验时，必须十分小心实验器具。 6)I assure you I am more than glad to help you. 我会让你相信，我很乐意帮你。 D. 在“more.than.”中，肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的，相当于“是而不是” “与其说不如说” 7) This book seems to be more a manual than a text. 这本书似乎是一本手册，而非课本。 8)Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened. 听到那声巨响，那个男孩很吃惊而不是害怕。3. While I may not be able to walk, there are many other great things I can do. 连词while大致有以下五种用法： （1）引导时间状语从句,意为当的时候；和同时,此时的主从句谓语动作同时发生,从句谓语通常是延续性动词。如: 1）Mary watched TV while she ate her supper. 玛丽边吃饭边看电视。 2）While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep. 她听着收音机睡着了。 注意：while引导从句时,如主从句的主语一致,且从句谓语又含有be,则从句主语和be可省略。while后可直接跟现在分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。如: 1）We are teachers while (we are) serving as students. 我们边当老师边当学生。 2）While (he was) yet a youth, he gained many prizes. 他年轻时就曾多次获奖。 3）He caught a cold while(he was) on vacation. 他度假时患了感冒。 （2）表示对比或转折,意为而;然而。此时,while一般位于句中。 1）Some people waste food while others havent enough. 有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。 2）You like sports, while I prefer music. 你喜欢体育,而我更喜欢音乐。 （3）表示让步,通常位于句首,意为尽管;虽然。如: 1）While I agree with your reasons, I cant allow it. 尽管我同意你的理由，但我不能允许你这样做。 2）While he loves his students, he is very strict with them. 虽然他爱他的学生们，可是他对学生们很严格。 3）While (he was) respected, he is not liked. 他虽受人尊敬,但并不被人喜欢。 （4）.表示条件,意为只要,其意思和用法相当于as long as。while可位于句首,也可位于句中。 1）You dont have to worry while we are here. 只要我们在，你就不用担心。 2）There will be life while there is water and air. 只要有空气和水,就有生命。 3）While there is life, there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 （5）.意为趁着。如: 1）Make hay while the sun shines.晒草要趁阳光好。莫失良机。(谚) 2）Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。(谚) 3）While the roses are yet in bloom, will you e with me to see them? 趁玫瑰花还开着,你和我一道去看看好吗 ？ 4. Its very important for us to know that someone far away is also struggling as we are.5. Ive learnt to live with my body as it is and adjusted my way of life.【典型例题】 1. _I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cant be solved.A. When B. While C. As D. Since2. _you know your potential, you have to rely on many other people to get where you are. A. While B. Since C. If D. Where3. Tourism,_ it brings in money to a pany, can also result in damage to the World Heritage sites there. A. because B. as C. while D. since4. Its hard_ him_ change his mind.A. of you to make; to B. for you to make;/ C. for you to make; to D. of you making;/一、本单元重点单词和短语。1. friendly adj.友好的2. advantage n.有利条件；优点；优势；好处；利益3. decide vt.决定；解决；判决；使下决心vi.决定；判定4. born adj.出生于；天生的 5. throughout prep.遍及；贯穿adv.到处，始终6. create vt.创造；创作；引起；产生；造成7. realise vt.认识到；领会；了解；实现（愿望或目的）；变卖（财产）8. highly adv.高度地9. reject vt.抛开；丢弃；拒绝；抵制10. apply v.应用；使用；适用；申请11. remain vi.剩下；剩余；留下；逗留；保持；仍是12. attempt vt.& n.尝试；企图；试图13. deepen vi.加深vt.使变深；加重14. exchange vt.交换；以换；调换；兑换n.交换；兑换15. similar adj.类似的；相似的16. otherwise adv.否则；要不然17. respectful adj.尊敬人的 18. think about 思考；考虑；想起19. allow for 考虑到；把计算在内20. be aware of 意识到21. after all 毕竟；到底 22. now that 既然；由于23. instead of而不是；代替24. in society在社会上二、句型聚焦 观察下列句子，试着归纳加粗部分所包含的句型结构1. .and make it easier to discover new possibilities. _.2. By thinking about the way we think and practising good thinking strategies, we can bee more creative. _.3. To “think outside the box” is to try new ways to solve a problem. _.4. As with thinking outside the box, the process includes a series of different attempts and several false starts. _.5. A drawing or a model will help you see things that may otherwise remain hidden. _.【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）一、完形填空Making friends is a skill. Like most skills, it improves with _1_. If you want to meet people and make friends, you must be able to take _2_. You must first go _3_ there are people. You wont make friends staying home alone._4 a club or a group, for talking with those who _5_ the same interests as you do is easier. _6_ join someone in some activity.Many people are _7_ when talking to people. _8_, meeting strangers means facing the unknown. And its human _9_ to feel a bit unfortable about the unknown.Most of our fears about dealing with new people e from _10_ about ourselves. We _11_ other people are judging us, finding us too small or too short, too this or too that. _12_ dont forget that they must be feeling the same way. Try to accept yourself _13_ you are, and try to put the other persons at ease. Youll feel more _14_.Try to act self-confidence even if you dont feel that way when you enter a room full of _15_ such as a new classroom. Walk tall and straight, look _16_ at other people and smile. If you see someone youd like to speak to _17_ something to him. Dont wait for the other persons to start a conversation.Just meeting someone _18_ doesnt mean that you will make friends with that personfriendship is _19_ on mutual liking and “give and take”. They take time and _20_ to develop. And there are things that keep a new friendship from growing. 1. A. ageB. practiceC. skillD. everything 2. A. photosB. actionC. placeD. troubles 3. A. whereB. thatC. whichD. when 4. A. FromB. BuyC. UseD. Join 5. A. haveB. shareC. keepD. like 6. A. SoB. OrC. HoweverD. But 7. A. afraidB. fearfulC. nervousD. familiar 8. A. Above allB. In allC. To allD. After all 9. A. natureB. needC. habitD. custom 10. A. factsB. doubtsC. wondersD. beliefs 11. A. suggestB. considerC. doubtD. imagine 12. A. AndB. ThereforeC. ButD. So 13. A. whatB. whoC. thatD. as 14. A. dangerousB. usefulC. familiarD. fortable 15. A. strangersB. peopleC. classmatesD. students 16. A. anxiouslyB. friendlyC. curiouslyD. directly 17. A. speakB. talkC. sayD. tell 18. A. strangeB. newC. familiarD. tiresome 19. A. dependB. laidC. takenD. based 20. A. moneyB. energyC. effortD. trouble二、阅读理解AIf women are mercilessly exploited（剥削）year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you e to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe（衣柜）packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste, Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on. No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, fort and durability（耐用）. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of disfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasnt at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.When paring men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of womens clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide. 1. Designers and big stores always make money _.A. by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industryB. because they are capable of predicting new fashionsC. by constantly changing the fashions in womens clothingD. because they attach great importance to quality in womens clothing 2. To the writer, the fact that women change their old-fashioned dresses is seen as _.A. a waste of moneyB. a waste of timeC. an expression of tasteD. an expression of creativity 3. The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the _ of clothing.A. costB. appearanceC. fortD. suitability 4. According to the pa