2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 Unit13—Unit14知识要点聚焦.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 Unit13Unit14知识要点聚焦1重点词汇 ；单词：cube, sailor, benefit, transport, range, unique, relative, freezing, pure，relationship，mass，float，decrease，centigrade，absorb，thus，stable，steady，trust，recreation, freedom，civil， murder, youth，prison，soul，arrest，separation， race， marriage， forbid, vote，political，demand, lawyer，act, bill，politics， independence，prejudice，regardless短语：benefit from，all the way，take advantage of，give off，call in，agree on， a variety of put. in prison，join hands，set an example to，from then on, start with, regardless of, at first sight2重点句型 复习情态动词（modal verbs） 3. 交际用语 The water is used to/forIf we ., we can. You could expect. because. That led to. One of the reasons why. is. is often followed by.重点考点精释1 Benefit v. 得益；有益与n. 利益；益处Benefit from/by 从中得到好处Benefit sb. 有益于某人Be of benefit 有好处To the benefit of 对好For the benefit of 为的好处 I benefited much from my association with himPeople who stole did not benefit by their ill-got gains.He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.It would be of great benefit to you remembering these names.Chinas economic reforms are to the benefit of the whole nation.辨析 favour/benefit/advantageFavour “利益，恩惠”对指因得到他人认可或赞许而获得的利益；也指在某一竞争中所获得的利益：The king bestowed a medal on him as a mark of special favour.Advantage “利益，优势，好处”，指有利地位、有利的条件，多用于对立的双方中相比较而言，一般不指获得的物质利益：At the end of an hours play, the advantage lay definitely with him.Benefit “利益，益处”指个人或社会上的收益，与advantage相比是更为直接、更为现实的利益，可指精神的、物质的或是其他的任何好处： The new factory will be a great benefit to the town2. range from. to在范围内变化： Her childrens ages range from three to eighteen Our conversation ranged from politics to economics3sensitive adj敏感的 He is ing to a sensitive point now. Some people are more sensitive to humor than others Shy people are very sensitive to criticism sensible明智的；通情达理的；察觉到 It is really a sensible suggestion. Even sensible men do absurd things He was fully sensible of his own shorting4辨析of all kinds/all kinds of “名词+ of all kinds”与“all kinds of十名词”语义十分接近，但前者“名词of all kinds”作主语时，谓语动词与“名词”在数上一致，“all kinds of十名词”作主语，谓语动词和all kinds一致，用复数形式： Sea food of all. kinds is; available. in the states along the coast. All kinds of, sea food are available in the states along the coast5absorb vt吸收；吸进；合并；全神贯注 absorb n be absorbed in专注于 Dark surfaces absorb more heat from the sun Clever children absorb knowledge easily. Many small colleges are absorbed into big universities. So absorbed was he that Mary hadnt dared to make A sound He is entirely absorbed in his business6. steady adj.坚固的；平稳的；不变的；可靠的 Hold that candle steady. The economy is keeping up a steady speed We have a steady job She needs to marry someone steady.7disadvantage n缺点，缺陷；不利；不利条件 His bad health is a great disadvantage to him The washing machine has two serious disadvantages. Hs bad health is a great disadvantage for him to get a good paid job. disadvantage短语 (be) at a disadvantage处于不利地位 put sb. at a disadvantage使某人处于不利地位 keep sb at a disadvantage使某人处于不利地位 take sb at a disadvantage乘隙攻击某人，攻其不备 (to sb.s disadvantage对某人不利，使某人吃亏 8marry vt结婚；嫁；娶 A marry B A嫁B(A娶B) A get married (to B)A(与B)结婚A be married (to B)A(与B)结婚A marry B(off)(to C)A把B嫁出去（给C）A marry +adj./adv. A 嫁（娶）得Im glad he married a girl of spirit Jack got married to Jenny last year The old man married her to merchant She married young in her life. 9. vote vi投票Vote against 投票反对Wote for /in favour of 投票支持Vote down(a suggestion) 投票否决Vote on 就表决Vote out 落选Secret vote 不记名投票Vote of confidence 信任票 Only seven members voted against it. Whether you vote for or against the plan doesnt seem to matter very much. The chap-an asked us to vote on the plan.The government was voted out (of office) .10. forbid vt forbid n forbid sb.sth. forbid sb.to do/sb.s doing Nobody can forbid their marriage.The doctor forbade her wine.Father forbade me to watch TV/my watching TV.11now短语Now and then 偶尔，有时Just now 刚才，立刻Up to now 到目前为止Now then （用于句首，表示警告、抗议或引起注意）喂Now., now/then 时而，时而 12demand vt. &n. 要求Demand n. demand to doDemand sth. of/from sb.Demand that.(should)doMeet/satisfy ones demands Demand attention/an explanation/patience.Tom demanded an immediate answer of Jack.I demand that one of you(should )go there at once.Demand/ask/beg/require13. sight 短语Short/long sight 近/远视At sight 一见就At first sight 乍一看；初见之下Lose ones sight 失明At the sight of 一看见Out of sight 在看不见的范围Catch sight of 看见，发现Lose sight of.看不见，忘记 14. prison短语In prison 坐牢Put sb. in prison 把某人关进监狱Throw sb. into prison 把某人投进监狱Go to prison 入狱Be out of prison 出狱Escape from prison 越狱e out of prison 出狱 15Rescue n. vt 营救；解救 Rescue sb.(from)(从)解救某人e/go to ones rescue 来/去救援某人The firemen rescued a baby from a burning house.He held on to a branch until we came to his rescue.The moment they got the news, they rushed to the rescue of the wound the wound. rescue/save rescue表示“营救” “抢救”，指来取迅速又果断的一紧急措施使他人脱离伤亡、被攻击等迫在眉睫的危险状态，也指抢救濒临毁灭或被掠夺的东西；save表示“拯救，“挽救”，是一个普通用语，指以任何方式把人或物从危险、困境、苦难、厄运中解救出来，并能保证其获救后的安全保障： Robots are now being used to rescue people trapped in a burning house or a crashed plane.Not I buthe. has saved the child from the water. 高考样题例释 1（xx年湖北）Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table within little children. A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance 【解析】答案为B。within reach of在范围内，“在孩子们能够着的范围内”。 2.（xx年天津）I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the childrens Areach Bhand Chold D. place 【解析】答案为A。out of ones reach “某人够不着的地方”。3.（xx年浙江Brad was Jane s brother. 一 he reminded me so much of Jane! ANo doubt BAbove all C. No wonder DOf course 【解析】答案为C。 no wonder “难怪”，难怪他多次向我提起Jane. 单选高考模拟1They have their reasons for keeping their marriage secret for moment. A. the；a B. the；the C. a; the Da; a 2 land is improved by sowing it with various seeds is the mind by exercising it with different studies AWhen；so BAs；as CAs；so DIf；so3. Never a have I seen little fish. There are fish that I dont know how to give them to all the people. A. so; so littler B. such; so few Cso；such few D. such；such little 4The early pioneers had to many difficulties to settle on the new land A. go along with Bgo back on C. go through D. go into5These two areas are similar they both have a high rainfall during this season. Ato that Bbesides that C. in that D. except that6You shouldnt keep silent when . A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. speaking to7. I would love to the cinema last night, but I had to look after my sick sister at home. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone8. Did you enjoy the book? Yes，it was so interesting that I could hardly it. Aget rid of B. break away from C. keep away from D. tear myself away from9. You have not yet answered my question I can join in the party tonight. A. whether B. if C. which D. that10. They were quick enough. It seemed only seconds they came back. A. when B. after C. before D. till单项填空 1We wait for a bus to get to the station since we are not in a hurry. A. might well B. might as well Ccould well D. should as well 2. Freezing weather will the soil. Abreak up B. break down C. break away Dbreak off 3Before you make a speech，you should your thoughts arid ideas. A. get Btake C. bring D. collect4The seller would sell the skirt for fifty dollars，but the customer only half the price. A. asked B. charged C. sold D. offered5. Some of the food came from Japan. How about ? A. the rest B. another C. the others D. others6. None of the servants were when I wanted to send a message.A. pleasant B. available C. satisfactory D. possible7. Manners are very important to happy among people. A. relation B. relationship C. relatives D. relations8He mixed the address so that no one got the letter. A. with B. up C. / D. about9 From the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him. A. Jumped down the robber B. Jumped the robber down CDown jumped the robber DDown the robber jumped 10Britain fought France Germany in World War II. A，for; against Bwith；against C. against; against D. with; with11The man was caught stealing and later was put . A. in prison B. into the prison C. to the prison D. in the prison 12Im glad to say that your ideas with mine. A. fit B. fit in C. match D. fix13The song is very, beautiful land sweet; but the man who sang it it. A. murdered B. killedC. wasted D. drowned14His position is well writtenIt is grammatical mistakes. Afree of Bfree off Cfree from Dfree into15The old doctor never fails to help is in need of his help. A. who Bwhom C. whoever D. whomever二、完形填空 Signs made up mainly of circles，crosses, or arrows，can occasionally be seen at the entrance of a house， 1 that a tramp（流浪汉）had 2 . This special sign-language is often used by tramps to tell their 3 whether the people living in a certain 4 are hospitable（好客的）or unfriendly, and to save them the 5 of making unnecessary 6 Quite by chance one day，I came across a real trampHe was such a rare sight these days that I stopped and 7 him from some distance awayHe was 8 just as a tramp should be：in 9 trousers and a jacket many sizes 10 big for him. On his head there was a shabby hat and his boots were so worn that they were almost ing 11 pieces. But the man himself looked 12 as if he had not a care in the worldHe put down a small bag by the front gate, and began 13 a sign left by a previous(先前的）caller. Although the sign was 14 to me，it must have been favourable to him，for his face glowed with he entered the gate and rang the bell. When the door opened, I saw him 16 his hat. But the conversation that took place was very 17 indeed，for no sooner had he 18 a few words than the door shut loudly in his face. I felt very sorry for him 19 he walked sadly out ofthe house. But just as 20 ，his face lit up again and he moved directly towards the gateThere he stopped，looked at the sign and shook his head seriously as if he had made a bad mistake.1. A. proving B. suggestingC. explaining D. warning2. A. gone B. arrived C. e D. passed3. A. fellows B. readers C. families D. masters4. A. town B. village C. house D. gate5. A. money B. strength C. power D. trouble6. A. calls B. cooking C. clothing D. choices7. A. saw B. noticed C. watched D. examined8. A. dressed B. put on C. worked D. had9. A. fallen B. satisfied C. made D. worn10. A. quite B. ratherC. too D. so11. A. from B. to C. in D. by12. A. happy B. unhappyC. disappointed D. anxious13. A. drawing B. wipingC. using D. studying14. A. meaningless B. knownC. new D. interesting15. A. anger B. prideC. satisfaction D. fear16. A. raise B. pullC. hold D. push17. A. discouraging B. shortC. special D. successful18. A. told B. talkedC. said D. spoken19. A. since B. thoughtC. after D. as 20. A. soon B. quicklyC. sadly D. suddenly三、阅读理解 AScience and technology have advanced at such a rate that cloning(克隆)has now bee a reality. The possibility of cloning humans is a serious issue and raises ethical(伦理的)questions. In my opinion, cloning is useful for research into cures for disease. However, I think that it needs to be approached with caution and carefully monitored by governments.Research into cloning and stem cell(干细胞)production is primarily aimed at finding new treatments for currently incurable illnessesWhile this would improve the quality of life for many, not enough is understood about what effects cloning would have on the world in the future. This is primarily because we do not understand enough about the effects of cloning and both the physical and psychological effects that it is likely to have on cloned humans and on the rest of the worldFurthermore，it is thought that a cloned human would be unlikely to survive birth and would suffer from plications resulting from malformed（畸形的）organs. There are also quite serious ethical issues in danger. In essence，those who are against cloning would argue that scientists have no right to play God and to interfere with natural processes. Producing embryos（晶胚）for the purpose of harvesting stem cells for research presents important questions about the nature and status of theembryo being producedIt may also make us question whether throwing it away after use reduces the value we place on human life. In conclusion，I do not agree that research into cloning using human embryos should continue. This is not only because it may reduce the value we place on human life，but also because not enough is known about the effectsHowever，I do think that if there is a way to produce stern cells using cloning which does not put human life at risk，then governments should continue to support it1What is the writers general opinion on cloning? AIt is useful in every area of research BIt needs to be carefully controlled by governments CIt is useful for research into cures for disease if it is controlled. DIt is only useful for research into cures for disease.2The writers main reason against cloning is that Anot enough is known about the effects of cloning Ba cloned human would be likely to die of malformed organs Ccloning has negative physical and psychological effects on clones Dit would affect the quality of life for many 3The main argument in Paragraph 3 is that Ascientists do not value-human life Bthe process of cloning needs to be questioned C. cloning devalues human life Dscientists should not interfere with natural processes4In Paragraph 4，the writer thinks governments should . Anot put human life at risk Bsupport all forms of research into stem cell production Cnot support any form of research into stem cell production Dsupport research into stem cell production harmless to human life B New York：Chinas Yao Ming leads Lakers center Sharquill ONeal n voting for the National Basketball Association All-star Game to be played on February 9 in Atlanta After the first two rounds of fan voting，the Houston rookie（新兵）leads all centers with 814，393 votes，more than 158，000 votes over ONeal. Yao，the first overall pick in last years NBA entry draft, also ranks fourth overall in the latest reports released on Thursday. ONeal，of the three-time NBA championship Lakers，missed the first 12 games of the season while recovering from toe surgery Yao，who has had a shining rookie season so far，may have also benefited from new voting proceduresThis season marks the first time that fans can go online and vote in Chinese Carter，Toronto Raptors forward，has been sidelined for most of the season with a left knee strain but has 871，189 votesHe is second overall in the fan balloting，trailing only Takers guard Kobe Bryant，who has 958，695 （Agencies via Xinhua)5. This message is probably taken from . A. a book B. a newspaper Ca magazine Da TV programme6ONeal has got about votes A. 158，000 B. 972, 000 C. 683，000 D. 871，1897The way to vote for All-star Came players Aremains the same as before Bchanges because of Yao Ming C. changes because of China Dchanges because of the population of China C Beijing undergraduates use their spare time to get behind the wheel A sixth-of undergraduates in Beijing this year have registered （登记）at driving schoolsThe students，mostly from majors such as business, management or international trade，will finish their driving courses within 20daysor so. Training fees have dropped to 2，600 yuan for students, according to the Haidian Driving School in Beijing. The price is not laedi, but students still accept it，seeing it as an investment in their future. Familiarity with the operation of puters and fluent English are the basic skills graduating students need to find a jobBut a drivers license（执照）has bee another factor. “In the job market, owning a drivers license sometimes enhanc6（增强）a graduating students petitiveness（竞争力）for a good position，”says Zhou Yang，an undergraduate at the China University of Political Science and Law “Cars will bee a necessary part of many peoples life in the ing years，and it is difficult to get a license off campus because of the pressures on working peoples time. Having a full-time job after graduation offers limited time to learn to drive，”Zhou says，“We senior students have plenty of opportunity to learn”Xu Jian，an official at the driving school，said undergraduates were very capable and serious and could grasp in an hour what ordinary people took four hours to learnIn his driving school，middleaged people，young women and college students are the main customersTo get a drivers license，a beginner is now required to have at least 86 hours practice before the final road test.“To practice more is a must before driving on the road，”said a worker at the Beijing Traffic is Bureau“We are thankful for the practice driving schools offerThis is the only way the number of traffic accidents caused by inexperienced drivers can fall，” 8Students learn to drive because Ait will do good to their petitiveness for a good position Bit is popular on campus nowadays Cit costs them a lot cheaper on campus than off campus D. many of them have owned their own cars9Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage? A. All students are not from majors such as business management or international trade BThe operation of puters，fluent English and a drivers license are the basic skills for graduates. C. People; need to practise more before driving on the road D. If a person hasnt had 86 hours practice，he cant buy a car.10The, underlined word “laedi” in the third paragraph means . A. most expensive B. cheap C. most suitable D. high11The thought that students learn to drive can be said to be . Afar-sighted Bunbelievable Csimple Dexciting D Right now in schools across the country children are busy selling Pepsi-Cola in the name of educationThey are part of Pepsis“Learn and Earn Project”一a petition set up by Pepsi once a year that encourages students to sell the soft drink at parties，basketball games and other school functions Then, each spring，the students write up，their Pepsi-selling success stories for a chance at national prizes：shares of stock（股份）in the Pepsi-Cola pany. According to materials the pany sends the teachers, the project declares“help strengthen students” broad understandings of businesses，particularly its broad marketing and management aspects. Whether it fulfill