2019-2020年高考英语 Unit 2　Cloning要点梳理+重点突破 新人教版选修8.doc

2019-2020年高考英语 Unit 2Cloning要点梳理+重点突破 新人教版选修8要 点 梳 理 高效梳理知识备考重点单词1differ vi.不同；相异different adj.不同的difference n不同，差异2twin n双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一 adj.成对的；成双的3straightforward adj.简单的；直接的；坦率的4undertake vt.着手；从事；承担undertook(过去式)undertaken(过去分词) 5breakthrough n突破6cast vt.扔；投；掷cast/cast(过去式/过去分词)7object vi.反对；不赞成objection n不赞成；反对；异议objective adj.真实的；客观的；无偏见的8obtain vt.获得；赢得9attain vt.获得；达到(水平、年龄、状况等)10forbid vt.禁止；不准forbade(过去式)forbidden (过去分词)11accumulate vt.积累；聚积12owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于13retire vi.退休；离开retirement n退休14bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n烦扰15strike vi. & vt.打；撞击；罢工struck/struck (过去式/过去分词)16vain adj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的17resist vt.抵抗；对抗resistance n抵抗；对抗resistant adj.18drawback n缺点；不利条件19feather n. 羽毛20adore vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱重点短语1pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2cast down 沮丧；不愉快3object to 反对4in favour of 赞成；支持5owe.to. 把归功于6(be)bound to(to). 一定或注定(做)7strike.into ones heart 使刻骨铭心8from time to time 不时；偶尔9bring back to life 使复生；使复活10in vain 白费力气；枉费心机11in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏12have a great impact on 对有很大影响重点句型1Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had bee seriously ill.之后传来了多莉得了重病的令人烦恼的消息。2Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.多莉总共存活了6年半，是被克隆羊的寿命长度的一半。3Did she die young because she was a clone? 因为她是克隆的，所以才早逝了吗？4Besides that, there is also a fierce dabate over the question whether human cloning experiments should be allowed. 除此之外，克隆人的实验是否被允许进行的问题引起了激烈的争论。高考范文(xx广东)你很荣幸地成为xx北京奥运会的一名志愿者，负责编写奥运比赛项目的英语介绍。写作内容：请根据以下中文提纲，编写射击项目的英语介绍：背景：射击最初只是生存工具，19世纪末才发展成为一项体育运动。1896：第一次成为奥运项目1904：中断1928：中断1932：重回奥运会1968：第一次允许妇女参加奥运射击比赛现状：稳步发展，1896奥运会只有三项射击项目，现今有17项。写作要求：只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。评分标准：句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。_范文1 Shooting, originated as a means of survival, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century. The sport first appeared in 1896, but none were contested during the 1904 and 1928 Games. The sport returned to the Olympics in 1932. Women were first allowed to pete in the Olympic shooting in 1968. The sport has grown steadily from just three shooting events at the 1896 Olympic Games to 17 today.范文2 It was not until the end of 19th century that shooting, originated as a means of survival, earned its status as a sport. Shooting became an Olympic event officially in 1896. Yet, twice in history (1904,1928) shooting was suspended at the Olympics. It returned to the Games in 1932, and women were first allowed to participate in the petition in 1968. The sport has been growing steadily from 1896s three events to todays seventeen.考 点 探 究 互动探究能力备考.词汇短语过关1differ vi. 不同；相异different adj. 不同的；有区别的；相异的difference n. 不同；不同之处differ from. 不同于differ in. 在方面不同differ with/from sb. on/about sth.与某人关于意见不同be different from 与不同make a/some/no difference to sb./sth.对某人/某物有/有些/没有影响或作用difference between A and BA和B之间的差别即学即练1(1)Men are all alike in their promises. It is only in their deeds that they _.人在许诺时都一样，不同之处在于他们的行动。(2)I have to _ you _ that.在那一点上我不能同意你的看法。(3)The rain didnt _ the game.这场雨对比赛没有多大影响。differdiffer withonmake much difference to2undertake vt. 着手，从事，承担；承诺，答应undertaking n. 任务，事业；承诺，答应undertake a task/project 承担一个任务/项目undertake to do sth. 答应做某事undertake for sth. 为负责 即学即练2(1)The pany has announced that it will _ a full investigation _ the accident.公司已宣布将对这次事故进行全面调查。(2)He _ the job by Friday.他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。(3)Ill _ your security. 我将保证你的安全。undertakeintoundertook to finishundertake for3cast vt.&vi. (cast, cast) 投掷；投射；抛cast aside 抛弃，消除，废除cast away 抛弃，丢掉，使(船)漂流，(船)失事cast behind 疏远；把抛在脑后cast down 使沮丧/不愉快cast off 丢弃cast ones eyes over 审视cast ones mind back to sth. 回顾，回想cast light on/uponthrow light upon 弄清楚即学即练3(1)Dont be so _. Just keep up your spirits.不要这么沮丧，打起精神来！(2)As soon as they reached the fishing area, the fishermen _ their nets _ the sea.渔民们一到捕鱼区就把渔网撒进了大海。cast downcastinto(3)As soon as he became rich he _ all his old friends who gave him some help.他一富起来就抛弃了所有曾经给过他帮助的老朋友。cast aside4object vi. 反对，不赞成n. 实物；目的；对象objection n. 反对；厌恶object to sb./sth. 反对，不赞成某人/某事object to doing sth. 反对做某事object to sb. doing sth. 反对某人做某事raise an objection to (doing) sth. 对提出异议have/make an objection to (doing) sth. 对表示反对即学即练4(1)I _ the proposal. 我反对这个提议。(2)We _ like this.我们抗议这种待遇。(3)I feel _ getting up early.我极不愿意早起。object toobject to being treateda strong objection to5obtain vt. 获得，取得；买到；借到即学即练5(1)I havent been able to _ anywhere.我到处都没买到那本书。(2)He failed to _.他没有获得奖学金。obtain that bookobtain a scholarship(3)Details can be _ the Ministry of Education.可以从教育部获知详情。obtained from6forbid vt. (forbade/forbad, forbidden) 禁止；反对forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forbid that. 禁止(从句中常用“should动词原形”)forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人某事即学即练6(1)Our school _.我们学校不允许学生吸烟。(2)Smoking should _ public places.公共场所应该禁止吸烟。forbids students to smokebe forbidden in(3)His parents _.他的父母不准他喝酒。forbid him wine提示：forbid 后不能直接跟动词不定式做宾语，而是跟动名词做宾语，也可用 forbid sb. to do sth. 形式，有类似用法的单词还有 allow, permit, advise 等。7owe vt.欠(钱、物、债等)；应当给予(1)owe sb. sth.或owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物owe.to. 把归功于owe it to sb. that.多亏某人帮忙(2)owing tobecause of“因为，由于”，后接名词、代词、动名词做宾语，构成介词短语，表原因。即学即练7(1)Dont forget you still _ 150 yuan to the wine shop.别忘了，你还欠酒店150元钱呢。(2)He _ his success to hard work and practice.他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。oweowes(3)If I have improved in any way, I _ it all to my teacher.如果说我有一些进步，这应该全部归功于我的老师。(4)You _ me an apology.你得向我道歉。(5)We should do the duty which we _ to our country.我们应对国家尽我们应尽的义务。oweoweowe(6)I _ it to you that I finished my work in time.多亏你帮忙，我才及时完成了工作。(7)_ to the rain, they could not e.由于下雨，他们不能来了。oweOwing8bother vt. 打扰vi. 操心n. 烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人bother with/about sth. 花费时间或精力(做某事)bother sb. about/with sth. 使某人烦恼，不安It bothers sb. that./to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是bother to do/doing sth. 操心做某事即学即练8(1)Dont _ Mary while shes reading.玛丽读书的时候不要打扰她。(2)I dont want to _ you _ my problems.我不想让你因为我的问题而烦心。(3)Dont _ that trifling matter.别为那件小事烦恼。botherbotherwithbother about9strike vt. & vi.打，撞击，冲击，罢工，打动，划燃，侵袭，突然想起 n罢工，打击be struck with(by)为所侵袭；为所触动(感动)It strikes me that.我觉得；我的印象是strike a match划火柴strike on/upon打在上；撞到上be on strike举行罢工go on strike实行罢工即学即练9(1)The workers _/_ because they wanted more money.工人们在罢工，因为他们要求增加工资。(2)When the clock _， the strike started.当钟敲响了五点，罢工开始了。were striking on strikestruck five(3)The match _ because of the moisture of the air.由于空气潮湿，火柴划不着。(4)_ none of them trusts each other.他们当中没有一个人信赖对方这使我震惊。wont strikeIt strikes me that(5)Great damage has been caused by the tornado which _ the area last week.上周侵袭这一地区的龙卷风造成了巨大的损失。struck10resist v. 忍住；顶住；抵御；反抗resistance n. 反抗resistant adj. 抵抗的；耐的resist sth. 抵制、阻挡某事resist doing sth. 反对做某事cant resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事be resistant to 对有抵抗力即学即练10(1)The river banks could not _.河堤抵不住水压。(2)A healthy diet should help your body _.健康饮食有助于身体抵抗感染。(3)I could hardly _.我忍不住笑了起来。resist the water pressureresist infectionresist laughing11pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；还清pay money for sth. 付钱买pay for sth. 买pay back 还钱，报复pay out 付出大笔款项；放松pay up 付清欠款即学即练11(1)They _ their debt after ten years.十年后他们还清了债务。(2)Two hundred workers have _.200名工人已被结清工资了。(3)They took a hell of a risk but it _.他们冒了很大的风险，但事情成功了。paid offbeen paid offpaid off12in favour of 赞成；支持in favour 赞同；流行；得宠in favour with sb. 受某人支持in sb.s favour 对某人有利out of favour 失宠；不流行do sb. a favourdo a favour for sb. 帮某人忙do sb. the favour to do sth. 帮某人做owe sb. a favour 欠某人情即学即练12(1)Are you _ cloning or _ cloning?你是支持还是反对克隆(技术)?(2)There were 247 votes _ the plan and 152 against. 有247票同意这个计划，152票反对。in favour of againstin favour of(3)Shes not _ the media just now.目前她没有媒体的捧场。(4)The exchange rate is _ at the moment.目前汇率对我们有利。(5)Could you _ and pick up Sam from school?你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？in favour within our favourdo me a favour13be bound to 一定；注定bound v. 跳跃；限制；形成的界线 n. 跳跃；界线，范围 adj. 必然的，一定的；准备到去的be bound to sth. 被束缚于某物；被绑在某物上be bound to do sth. 一定会、有义务去做某事be bound (for.) 准备(去)be bound up in 热心于，忙于be bound up with 与有密切关系Ill be bound. 我确信即学即练13(1)Its _ sunny again tomorrow.明天肯定又是阳光灿烂。(2)We _ obey the law.我们有义务遵守法律。(bound to beare bound to(3)The plane _ New York.这架飞机是飞往纽约的。(4)Hes too _ his work to have much time for his children.他工作太忙，没有时间多陪孩子们。is bound forbound up in14in good/bad condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)be in good condition(be in a good state)(人)健康状况好；(东西)保存/保养得好out of/in bad condition(人)身体不适；(物)保养得不好working/living conditions工作/生活条件in difficult conditions在困难的条件下on condition that.(相当于so long as或if)只要on this/that condition在这种/那种条件下economic conditions经济形势in/under favourable conditions在有利的形势下即学即练14(1)The car is still _.这车状况仍然良好。(2)The miners there worked _.那里的矿工们在极其恶劣的环境中工作。in good conditionin dreadful conditions(3)You must _ tell him what has happened.你无论在什么情况下都不可告诉他所发生的事。(4)Ill do it _ you pay for everything.我可以做此事，条件是你得支付一切费用。on no conditionon condition that.重点句型详解1Then_came the disturbing news that Dolly had bee seriously ill.接着传来了令人烦恼的消息多莉得了重病。(1)表示方位、时间或方式的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等置于句首时，句子倒装。Look, here es the bus.看，公共汽车来了。Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。There goes the bell.铃响了。(2)本句中的news与that Dolly had bee seriously ill是同位语关系。一个名词或代词后面有时可接一个单词、短语或从句，对前者做进一步的解释，说明它指的是谁或是什么，这就是同位语。We heard of the news that our team had won.我们听说了我们队赢了这一消息。We must face the fact that we have run out of all the money.我们必须面对我们已花完了钱这一事实。即境活用1(1)In the dark forests _， some large enough to hold several English towns.Astand many lakesBlie many lakesCmany lakes lie Dmany lakes stand答案：B解析：表地点的介词短语放在句首时用完全倒装，表示某物位于某处用动词lie。(2)Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.Awhy BthatCwhere Dbecause答案：B解析：考查同位语从句。句意为：他没来上课，因他必须到机场接他叔叔，没人相信这个理由。his reason后接同位语从句，由for being absent from the class隔开，从句是个完整的句子，故选B项。2Did she die young because she was a clone?因为她是克隆的，所以才早逝了吗？young 为形容词，在句中做状语。在描绘性文字中，形容词(短语)或形容词化的分词有时起状语作用，说明主句所述的原因、时间或主语所处境况或意义增补。(1)表原因表原因的形容词(短语)或形容词化的分词多放在句首，句子的主语亦是其逻辑主语。表原因的形容词(短语)相当于原因状语从句。如：Thirsty and hungry (As he was thirsty and hungry), he went to a farmers cottage to ask for something to eat.由于又饥又渴，他来到一家农舍要点吃的。 Frightened(Because she was frightened), she asked me to go with her.由于害怕，她要我跟她一起去。(2)表时间形容词(短语)表主语动作发生的时间，放在句首。其作用相当于一个时间状语从句。如：Ripe (When they are ripe), the oranges taste sweet.这些橘子熟了时，味道甜美。(3)说明主语的境况或意义增补形容词(短语)表示主语所处境况或意义增补时，常放在句末。相当于一个和前面句子并列的句子。如：Holmes found the man lying on the floor, dead (and he was dead). 福尔摩斯发现那个人躺在地板上，死了。One woman was lying in bed, awake (and she was awake). 有位妇女醒着躺在床上。For a moment she just stood there, unable (and she was unable) to believe what had just happened.她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。即境活用2(xx北京)After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _.Ahungry and tiredly Bhungry and tiredChungrily and tiredly Dhungrily and tired答案：B解析：本题考查形容词做状语。易 错 点 拨 自我完善误区备考1.bother/disturb/trouble/annoy这组词都表示“使人不得安宁”或“心烦意乱”。(1)bother指干扰别人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安宁，可能是故意的，含有使人讨厌的意味。(2)disturb指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁，精力不能集中，语气比bother弱。(3)trouble常指在心情上失去平静而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便，也常用于礼貌的请求。(4)annoy通常指重复性的行为使(别人)生气。常用被动，表示为某事烦恼、生气。应用1(1)I dont want to _ you _ my problems.我不想让你因为我的问题而担心。(2)Whats _ youmoney problems?什么事令你忧虑不安经济问题吗？(3)These flies are _ me.这些苍蝇一直在烦我。botherwithtroublingannoying(4)They were charged with _ public peace.他们被指控扰乱社会治安。disturbing2. obtain/earn/gain/get/win(1)obtain应用范围较广，含有“如期地达到目的或得到所希望的东西”之意，多用于正式场合。(2)earn表示经过艰苦努力而得到报酬，或得到了理应享有的某种待遇，其宾语多为金钱、荣誉等。(3)gain指通过斗争、竞争或付出劳动而获得某种优势或达到某种目的。其宾语通常是经验、优势、利益、好处等。(4)get最常用，可指主动去“获得，得到”，也可能是被迫“接受”，有时指不一定需要主动性或付出很大努力就能得到。(5)win多指在竞赛中“获得，赢得”，有时也用于指在战争中“获得”胜利，宾语通常是比赛、战斗、战争等。应用2(1)She _ rich experience in teaching.她获得了丰富的教学经验。(2)She _ a bad cold yesterday.她昨天得了重感冒。(3)They _ the basketball match.他们打赢了这场篮球赛。gainedgotwon(4)We wished to _ the firsthand information.我们希望得到第一手情报。(5)He _800 yuan of wages a month.他月薪八百元。(6)This custom still _in some districts.这种风俗在某些地区仍然流行。obtainearnsobtains3. strike/hit/beat/knock这四个词均有“打”的意思。(1)strike 通常表示“打一下、打若干下”，不一定都是有意的；还有“打动，使着迷，某种想法突然闪现在脑海里”的含义；也可指“打、擦出(火)，(蛇、兽)抓、咬，(钟)敲响”。(2)hit 指“打中”“对准来打”“敲打或打击对方的某一点”，还可用来表示传染病或自然灾害“袭击”某一地区，而其他动词一般不这样用。作“被想起”讲时，与 strike 同义。(3)beat 侧重“连续地打击”，如殴打或体罚；也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方；也指“心跳”。(4)knock 侧重于“敲打，叩击”，常用做不及物动词，通常与 at 连用。应用3用 hit, strike, beat, knock 的适当形式填空(1)His heart _ violently.(2)In xx, H1N1 _ China.(3)I was _ by her youth and enthusiasm.(4)Please _ at the door before entering.beatshitstruckknock(5)_ while the iron is hot.(6)Happily, we heard our team _ the Japanese team.(7)The stone _ him on the head.Strikebeathit高 效 作 业 自我测评技能备考.单词拼写1The brothers d_ widely in their tastes.2This question is quite s_， while that one is much more plicated.3The problem has been b_ me for weeks.4Smoking is f_ in public places.5His suggestion sounds quite r_ to most of us.differstraightforwardbotheringforbiddenreasonable 6The film was a _ (商业的) success.7Id like to e, too, if you have no _ (反对)8He _ (仅仅) asked us our names.9We have made another _(突破) in space exploration.10He always managed to _ (得到) what he wanted.mercialobjectionmerelybreakthroughobtain .单项选择1(xx山东潍坊质量监测)_， I thought I would only stay there for a week, but later I changed my mind.AGenerally BInitiallyCExtremely DEventually答案：B解析：考查副词辨析。语意为：最初，我想我只在那里待一周，但后来我改变了主意。generally一般地；initially最初；extremely极其；eventually最后，终于。根据语意可知B项正确。2Hearing the news that he didnt pass the final exam, he became _ at once.Acasted down Bcast downCcast off Dcasted off答案：B解析：cast 的过去式、过去分词都是cast，故排除A、D项。cast down 使沮丧；cast off 解缆放船；抛开。3Money spent on the brain is never spent _.Ain ease Bin angerCin vain Din fort答案：C解析：句意：智力上的投资决非浪费。in vain意为“徒劳，无效，无益”，合语境。4I need to take more exercise regularly, because Im really _ these days.Ain bad conditions Bout of conditionCon no condition Din bad state答案：B解析：考查固定短语的辨析。in bad condition“情况不好”，此时常用condition的单数；out of condition健康状况不好；on no condition决不。5To our joy, there are so many _ in science and technology all over the world in recent years.Adiscovery BbreakthroughsCfindings Dinvention答案：B解析：discovery “发现”，invention “发明”，都符合句意，但须用复数形式。finding 有两种含义，一是指别人丢掉后的“发现物，拾得物”；二是其复数形式还有一特别含义，指“(委员会等的)调查结果，报告”，不合句意。6Everybody present smiled. Sally spoke English _.Aaloud and clear Bloud and clearCloudly and clear Dloud and clearly答案：B解析：speak loud and clear 说话声音响亮而清楚。aloud adv. 大声地，出声地，如 read aloud 朗读；loudly adv. 高声地；喧噪地；clearly 清楚地，明白地，如 speak clearly 说话清楚。7We are bound _ with difficulties in carrying out this research.Ato meet Bto have metCmeeting Dhaving met答案：A解析：考查 be bound to do sth. “一定会；注定(做)”。8The child is much too young; I object _ him alone at home.Ato leave BleaveCleaving Dto leaving答案：D解析：object to “反对”，其中 to是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词。9The fortystorey building is one of the most challenging engineering projects they have _.Aundergone BovertakenCunderstood Dundertaken答案：D解析：考查动词辨析。undergo 经历，遭受；overtake 赶上，追上，超过； understand 理解，明白；undertake 从事，进行。由题意知，选D。10The result of the football match, _ the surprise of us all, was 2 to 1 _ our favour.Ain; to Bto; toCin; in Dto; in答案：D解析：考查介词搭配。to the surprise of sb. 使某人吃惊的是；in our favour 对我们有利。11I _ suggested you should do it again; there is no need to get annoyed.Amerely BevenCstill Dyet答案：A解析：句意为：我只是建议你应该再做一次；你没有必要烦恼。merely 只是，仅仅；even 甚至；still 仍然；yet 然而。12Although a teenager, Fred could not resist _ what to do and what not to do.Atelling Bto tellCbeing told Dto be told答案：C解析：考查 cant resist doing sth. “不能忍受”，且句中表被动意义，用 being told “被告知”。13Though we take a great risk of investing in the project, yet it will _ in the long run.Ago off Bturn upCpay off De up答案：C解析：pay off 得到好的结果，取得成功；go off 离开；turn up 出现；e up 过来。14(xx福建六校三联)Just as Alan M. Eddison _ it, “Modern technology _ ecology an apology.”Asays; owes Bputs; makesCput; owes Dsaid; owed答案：C解析：put it为固定短语，意思是“说，表达”；owe.an apology的意思是“应向道歉”。say为不及物动词，后面不可跟宾语，由此可排除A、D两项；这是过去所说的话，因此选C。15_a terrible storm would take place in Hainan.AWord came which BWord came thatCWord that came DWords came that答案：B解析：word 在此句中是“消息”的意思，不可数名词，that 引导的是同位语从句 a terrible storm would take place in Hainan。 .完形填空In the doorway of my home, I looked closely at my 23yearold son, Daniel. In a few hours he would be flying to France to _1_ a different life. It was a transitional(过渡的) time in Daniels life. I wanted to _2_ him some words of significance. But nothing came from my lips, and this was not the _3_ time I had let such moments pass.When Daniel was five, I took him to the bus stop on his first day of kindergarten. He asked, “What is it going to be like, Dad? Can I do it？” Then he walked _4_ the steps of the bus and disappeared inside. The bus drove away and I said nothing. A decade later, a similar _5_ played itself out. I drove him to college. As I started to leave, I tried to think of something to say to give him_6_ and confidence as he started this new stage of life. Again, words _7_ me.Now, as I stood before him, I thought of those _8_ opportunities. How many times have I let such moments _9_ ? I dont find a quiet moment to tell him what they have _10_ to me, or what he might _11_ to face in the years ahe