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第4讲 说明文,【典例】(2013安徽高考) If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a 36 reason, such as your job or your studies? 37 perhaps youre interested in the 38 , films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a 39 of the language.,Most people learn best using a variety of 40 , but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的)start for many people. They 41 an environment where you can practice under the 42 of someone whos good at the language. We all lead 43 lives and learning a language takes 44 . You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a 45 . It doesnt matter if you havent got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes 46 .,Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “Im too 47 , ”they say. Yes, children do learn languages more 48 than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any 49 . And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. Ive also heard people 50 about the mistakes they make when 51 . Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes 52 youre much less likely to make them again. Learning a new language is never 53 . But with some work and devotion, youll make progress. And youll be 54 by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in 55 own language. Good luck!,36. A. technical B. political C. practical D. physical 37. A. After B. So C. Though D. Or 38. A. literature B. transport C. agriculture D. medicine 39. A. view B. knowledge C. form D. database 40. A. paintings B. regulations C. methods D. computers 41. A. protect B. change C. respect D. provide 42. A. control B. command C. guidance D. pressure 43. A. busy B. happy C. simple D. normal,44. A. courage B. time C. energy D. place 45. A. theory B. business C. routine D. project 46. A. some risks B. a lot less C. some notes D. a lot more 47. A. old B. nervous C. weak D. tired 48. A. closely B. quickly C. privately D. quietly 49. A. age B. speed C. distance D. school 50. A. worry B. hesitate C. think D. quarrel 51. A. singing B. working C. bargaining D. learning,52. A. if B. and C. but D. before 53. A. tiresome B. hard C. interesting D. easy 54. A. blamed B. amazed C. interrupted D. informed 55. A. their B. his C. our D. your,【解题思路】 第一步 明对象 顺脉络 本文是说明文, 说明的对象是学习新语言。第一段指出要知道为 什么学习新语言; 第二段介绍了学习新语言的方式和学习时间; 第三 段解释了年龄不是新语言学习的障碍; 最后一段是鼓舞和激励。 第二步 品原文 析选项 (一)部分答案直接选 以下题目, 在第一遍阅读时即可选出; 你能写出它们的答案吗? 41. _; 45. _; 48. _; 49. _,D,C,B,A,(二)逻辑题目细推断 36. 根据后文提到工作和学习可知, 这是一些实际原因。故选_。 40. 根据后文传统课堂可知, 此处介绍学习方法。故选_。 42. 根据后文good at提示, 学得好的人可以提供指导。故选_。 43. 后文谈论学习时间, 所以此处说我们都过着忙碌的生活。故选_。 44. 后文谈论学习时间, 所以此处说学习语言花费时间。故选_。 47. 后文谈论年龄问题, 所以此处应该是太老。故选_。 50. 根据后文mistakes推断, 人们担心犯错误。故选_。 55. 此处代指的是前面的some people。故选_。,C,C,C,A,B,A,A,A,(三)依照语境词义辨 37. 根据语境信息, 此处是学习原因的选择, 故选_。 38. 根据空后films or music提供的语境, 选_。 46. 根据but前后的转折, 以及前文take years提示, 可知此处指用时间 少得多。故选_。 54. 当你只是用他们的语言说几句话时, 他们积极的反应会让你惊讶。 故选_。,D,A,B,B,(四)重复词汇直接选 51. 原词复现。上文反复出现learn, 故选_。 (五)搭配题目填一填 39. have a _ of是固定搭配, 意为“了解”。故选_。 52. 固定句型“祈使句+and+陈述句”, 故选_。 (六)依据常识选答案 53. 根据常识, 学习一种新语言是不简单的。故选_。,D,knowledge,B,B,D,1. 体裁技巧说明文 (1)说明文特点 说明文完形填空一般有明确的说明对象, 这个对象可以是实物, 抽象的理论、概念、方法、技巧或风俗习惯、节日庆典等。 说明文完形填空最大的特点就是主题明确, 层次分明。一般在文章开头就明确交代要说明的对象, 然后对该对象的某些方面进行说明。一般每个段落介绍一个方面, 结构非常明了。,(2)解题技巧 针对说明文的特点, 在做说明文完形填空时要注意以下两个方面: 明确说明对象, 理清段落关系。 说明文的首段一般就将主题明确地告诉读者, 在浏览全文时, 要注意把握文章的主题。同时, 要分清各个段落之间的关系, 搞清楚分别是说明对象的哪一方面的特征。 理清说明顺序, 分析说明手段。 说明文完形填空一般会按照时间、空间、情节发展等顺序来展开, 并运用举例、对比、演绎、归纳等方式进行介绍或说明。掌握这个特点, 可以系统地分析文章, 提高对题率。,2. 考点技巧利用背景常识解题 完形填空作为独立的语篇, 以其自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息, 但其中渗透着相关的文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时, 若能积极调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识, 特别是有关中西文化差异的知识, 将会大大简化分析过程, 最大程度地还原文意, 节约时间, 顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。,【典例1】(2015重庆高考)“I hope I did the right thing, Mom, ”Alice said. “I saw a cat, all bloody but alive. I 19 (carried) it to the vets(宠物医院), and was asked to make payment 20 . As I couldnt reach anyone at the phone number on the cats tag(标牌), I had to pay the bill. ” 20. A. monthly B. honestly C. generously D. immediately 【点拨】背景常识题。根据常识可知, 在医院里要马上付费。immediately立刻, 马上, 符合语境。故选D。,【典例2】(2015北京高考)Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them 36 side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. 36. A. sat B. stood C. lay D. walked 【点拨】背景常识题。他们肩并肩坐在钢琴边, 弹奏爵士乐。根据常识, 弹钢琴时, 要坐着弹。故选A。,【典例3】(2014新课标全国卷)For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 43 with their new toys. 43. A. working B. living C. playing D. going 【点拨】背景常识题。小孩当然是很高兴地摆弄玩耍自己的新玩具。孩子们在圣诞节都会收到礼物, 这是文化背景。故选C。,【典例4】(2015浙江高考)As they left student life behind, many had a 23 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with longtime roommates, and 24 (moved) out of small apartments into high buildings. 23. A. last B. least C. second D. best 【点拨】背景常识题。根据As they left student life behind可知当他们告别学生生活的时候, 很多人会在当地既便宜又友好的酒吧里和室友们喝上最后一次, 所以A项正确。,【误区纠偏】 【典例】(2014湖南高考)But ironing shirts was not 39 (easy) work. It didnt make use of long muscles we used to throw a baseball, and it wasnt a 40 operation like ice-skating. 40. A. direct B. single C. smooth D. strange 【点拨】背景常识题。熨衣服也不像滑冰那样可以平滑地操作。此题解题的关键是要有关于滑冰的常识: 滑冰时动作非常流畅。如果没有这方面的常识就有可能错选其他选项。另外, 背景常识题也要结合语境, 看看语境需要哪种常识, 做出正确选择。故选C。,
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