2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 Unit5—Unit6词汇.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 Unit5Unit6词汇词汇单词scenecareerdrama，actress，choice，degree，director，script，studio，creature，cruelty，industry，happiness，accept，interrupt，apologize，fault，forgive，introduce，culture，behave,napkin，unfold，custom，impolite，spirit，breast，extra，formal，disabled，silver，award词组make ments on，give ones opinion，play roles in，in the beginning，get married，make money，work on，take off，by the sea，go wrong，do research，meat-eating dinosaurs，follow-up，stay away，fall asleep，be known as，take ones place，a 13-year-old girl，run after，run away，cant afford to buy sth，on the air,call for,think highly of，make use of,introduceto，apologize to sb. for(doing)sth，write down，pay a visit to，keep silent，leave out, be busy with，at table，drink to ones health，invite sbto，a thank-you 1etter，stare at，make jokes语法关系副词引导的定语从句，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。交际用语Whats the film about?What do you think of the story of the film?How do you feel about the end of the film?How do you think the film will end?In my opinionview，Im sorry to hearIm sorry，but Excuse me，butForgive meI apologize forIt doesnt matterThats nothing Thats all right 常用句型While still a student，she played roles in many playsDuring the 1980s and 1990s she won many more prizes while playing in famous films such as Sophies ChoiceMany people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the sharkWhen asked about the secret of his success，Steven Spielberg said he owed a lot to his wife and his childrenWhen drinking to someones health，you raise your glasses，but the glasses should not touch.Having good table manners means knowing how to use forks and knives, how to toast and how to behave at the table.Many people like this film not just because the story itself is moving，but also because most of the people in the film use their real name and play thpmselves.B 辨析词语 (1)call oncall atcall for/call up call on意思是“拜访(某人)；促使某人做某事”等。 例：We called on my uncle last sunday Matin Luther King called on his men to go on peaceful demonstration call at意思是“拜访(某地)”。 例：On my way toBeijing，I called at Toms house call for意思为“要求，需要”或“去某人处等、接某人”。 例：Your plan will call for a lot of money and a large workforce I11 call for you at your office at 7 oclock call up意思为“打电话给某人”或“使想起”。 例：Please call me up tomorrow morning Your letter calls up the days when we worked together in that pany (2)work outwork onwork as work out表示“算出，解出”的意思，强调结果。 例：Can you work out how much it will lose to build the bridge? work on的意思相当于work at或do，表示“忙于(做)”，强调动作。 例：They are said to be working on a program work as意思为“充当”。 例：These people can work as nurses when necessary (3)latelaterlatelylatest late意为“迟，晚”，既可用作形容词，也可用作副词。 例：He was told not to be late for class again 1ater为1ate的比较级形式。它还可表示“以后，后来”，相当于afterward。 例：Half an hour later she woke up and began to cry 1atest是late的最高级形式，表示“最近的”“最新的”等意义。 例：Everyone wants to read the latest news1ately意思为“最近”，相当于recently，常与现在完成时连用。例：I havnt seen her lately. (4)nonenothingno one none意思是“没有什么人或物”相当于not any，not one，表示人们所谈到的人或物的多寡即数量概念。 例：He wants me to lend him some money，but I have none at hand nothing意思是“没有任何东西”，相当于not anything，表示事物的种类。 例：Nothing in the world can frighten him no one只能指人，意思为“没有人”，相当于nobody。 例：No one likes a person with bad manners (5)clothclothesclothing 、 cloth意思为“布料”，作不可数名词，但作“桌布”讲时，为可数名词。 例：How much cloth does it take to make a coat for the boy? a table cloth一块桌布 clothes只作复数，指具体的衣服，不能与和表示具体数目的数词连用。 例：Youd better put on your clothesIts rather cold outside clothing是集体名词指衣服、服装的总称，表示泛指。 例：That shop sells childrens clothing especiallyC 识记句型1 What do you think has happened before the scene?2 During the 1980s and 1990s, she won many more prizes while playing in famous films such as Sophies Choice3 When asked about the secret of his success，Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children4 While still a student，she played roles in many plays5 When drinking to someones health，you raise your glasses,but the glasses should not touch6 Having good table manners means knowing how to use forks and knives，how to toast and how to behave at the tableD 触类旁通1When can I I e for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon They be ready by 12：00 Acan Bshould Cmight Dneed 【答案】 B 【解析】根据句意，应选择含有“应该、理应”意思的情态动词。只有should有此种意义。2After two days our food ，and we had to return to camp Agave in Bgave away Cgave out Dgave up 【答案】C 【解析】 give in屈服、让步；give away赠送、告密；give out(食物、燃料、力量)用尽，用完，筋疲力尽；give up放弃。3He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows，most of hadnt been cleaned for at least a year Athose Bwhose Cthat Dwhich 【答案】D 【解析】从题干中看出，该句不是并列句。选项A、B均不时。引导非限制性定语从句不能用that，故选D。4He was in poor health，so the doctor him to drink wine Ahoped Bdemanded Cforbade Dprevented 【答案】C 【解析】根据句意A、B两项均不符,且两者不能跟不定式构成的复合宾语。而prevent应为prevent sbfrom doing sth，故选C。5The thief stole the lights， the stairs even darker Amake Bto make Cmaking Dand made 【答案】C 【解析】分析题干可知此空白处需要的应是状语而不是并列谓语因此排除A、D两项。不定式虽然也可用作状语，但不定式作结果状语表示“出乎意料的结果”，不合题意。此处分词形式在句中作结果状语。6Most animals have little connection with animals of _ dif ferent kind unless they kill them for food Athe；a B；a Cthe；the D；the 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。本题中有两个animals，两个都是泛指复数名词故都不加冠词。of a kind意为“同一类的”；of a different kind意为“另一类的”。7We all stood on the top of the high building, we could see the whole city Ato which Bfrom that Cfrom which Dwhich 【答案】C 【解析】本题旨在考查非限定性定语从句的用法，因为we could see the whole city是完整的句子先排除B、D。根据句意，从楼顶可以看到全城的风貌。本题最佳答案为C。8Are you a doctor，Tom? No，but Aon the way Bin the way Cby the way Din a way 【答案】A 【解析】该句意为“你是一个医生吗?”“不是，但即将成为”。on the way意为“在去的路上即将成为”；in the way意为“在道上；碍事”；by the way意为“顺便问一声”；in a way意为“在某一点上，在某种程度上”。9They demanded that the books to the school library at once Areturn Bshould return Cbe returned Dwould be returned 【答案】C【解析】demand的宾语从句要用虚拟谓语形式，应为“(should)+原形”，又因books与return的关系为被动，故选C。 10Wed better use the words is clear to the readers when we write articles Aof which the meaning Bof which meaning Cwhose of meaning Dmeaning of which 【答案】 A 【解析】本题考查定语从句。关系代词应是介词of的宾语。本句意为“当我们写文章时，我们最好使用那些意义对于读者是非常清楚的词汇。考题回放1 Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary She Ive already borrowed one (xx湖南卷) Acant Bmustnt Cneednt Dshouldnt 【答案】C 【解析】从Ive already borrowed one(我已经借了一本字典)可推知，Lucy不必借给我了。故正确答案为c项。2 That was really a splendid eveningIts years I enjoyed myself so much(xx安徽卷) Awhen Bthat Cbefore Dsince 【答案】D 【解析】本题意为“那真足一个美好的夜晚。我玩得那么开心，自那时起，一晃又是多年。”when可以引导定语从句，用在此处不合适。that用于强调句型，before“在之前”，均不符题意。只有since“从(过去某时间)以来”恰当。3 Susan，go and join your sister cleaning the yard Why ?John is sitting there doing nothing (xx全国卷) Ahim Bhe CI Dme 【答案】D 【解析】这也可认为是一种省略，Why me?=Why should I go and join my sister cleaning the yard?4 He was about to tell me the secret someone patted him on the shoulder (xx上海卷) Aas Buntil Cwhile Dwhen 【答案】D 【解析】 when=and just at that time“正当那时”。5 Sally worked late in the evening to finish her report her boss could read it first the next morning. (xx北京卷) Aso that Bbecause Cbefore Dor else 【答案】A 【解析】so+that=in order that，引导目的状语从句。6 John shut everybody out of the kitchen he could prepare his grand surprise for the party (xx全国卷)Awhich BwhenCso that Das if 【答案】C 【解析】so that引导目的状语从句，表示shut everybody out of the kitchen的目的。7 You forgot your purse when you went out Good heavens， (xx上海卷) Aso did I Bso I did CI did so DI so did 【答案】B 【解析】“so+主语+谓语”表示”的确如此”。我的确忘了拿我的钱包。基础训练1Do you still remember the chicken farm we visited three months ago? (xx北京春季卷) Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhat2Have you any to make on the recent developments? Arole Baward Cment Dscene3His dream of ing to China never Acame true Brealized Cwas made true Dwas e true4Closing the factory means more workers out of work Ato put Bput Cputting Dto have put5What are you going to do? Im going to attend a concert directed by Andy Lau Alive Balive Clively Dliving6One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good . Asight Bscene Cview Dlook7Not only I but also Jane and Mary tired of having one examination after another Abe Bis Cam Dare8The plan just because people were unwilling to cooperate Abroke down Bpulled down Cturned down Dput down9We dont know who stole the book,whats your opinion? Jack is considered it Ahaving done Bto have done Cdoing Dto do10 In order to continue to learn by ourselves when we have left school，we must study how to learn in the school now Ain all Bafter all Cat all Dabove all11The Chicago Bulls was made up of the best basketball players，and most of were black Americans Athat Bwhich Cwhom Dthem12Johnson is now working harder to_ his first time when he was at college Acatch up with Bmake use of Ckeep in touch with Dmake up for13If you buy more than ten，they knock 20 pence off (xx全国卷II) Aa price Bprice Cthe price Dprices14It is almost five years we saw each other last time (xx北京春季卷) Abefore Bsince Cafter Dwhen15If there were no examinations，we should have at school Athe happiest time Ba more happier time Cmuch happier time Da much happier time参考答案与解析1C 本题考查定语从句的关系词选择。先行词the chicken farm在定语从句中作谓语动词visited的宾语。故选择关系代词that。2C考查固定短语make ments on，表示“对进行评价、评论”。3A“梦想实现”应为(dreams)e true，故答案为A。4C mean doing表示“意味做某事”，而mean to do sth表示“想要做某事”。5A词义辨析题，a live concert表示“现场音乐会”，alive和living都可表示“活着的”，lively则表示“生动活泼的”。6C view表示“风景”。sight表示“风景”时常用复数，scene表示“场景”。7D not onlybut also连接主语，谓语动词应遵循就近原则。8A“因为人们不愿意合作，所以计划流产了”。break down表示“抛锚、坏了、破裂”；pull down表示“拖下来”；turn down表示“拒绝，关小(音量)”；put down表示“放下，写下”。9B本题考查consider一词的用法，consider doing sth表示“考虑做某事”；be considered to do sth表示“被认为做某事”。10D词义辨析题。in all的意思为“总共，总计”，after all的意思为“毕竟；别忘了”。at all常与notnever连用，表示“根本(不)，一点也(不)”；above all的意思是“首要，最重要的是”。11D注意本题不是考查定语从句。从and一词判断只能选择代词them。12D词义辨析题。make up for的意思为“弥补”；catch up with表示“赶上”；make use of表示“利用”；keep in touch with表示“与保持联系”。13C从句意“如果你买十个，他们就会减价20便士。”可知价格是特定的，故选择the price。14B本题考查结构It issince，表示“自从到现在有”。15D“如果没有考试，我们在学校就会更加开心。”have a happier time表示“玩得开心”，从句意可知应用比较级，more不能修饰比较级，而much可以。综合强化完形填空 It was the district sports meetMy foot still hadnt healed(痊愈)from a(n) 1 injury I had 2 whether or not I should attend the meetBut there I was， 3 for the 3 000-meter run “ReadysetThe gun popped and we were offThe other girls rushed 4 meI felt 5 as I fell farther and farther behind “Hooray! shouted the crowdIt was the loudest 6 I had ever heard al a meetThe first-place runner was two laps(圈)ahead of me when she crossed the finish line “Maybe I should 7 ，”I thought as I moved on 8 , I decided to keep goingDuring the last two lapsI ran 9 and decided not to 10 in track next yearIt wouldnt be worth it， 11 my foot did heal When I finished，I heard a cheer- 12 than the one Id heard earlierI turned around and 13 , the boys were preparing for their race“They must be cheering for the boys I was leaving 14 several girls came up to me“Wow，youve got courage!” one of them told me “Courage? I just 15 a race!” I thought“I would have given up on the first lap”said another girl“We were cheering for youDid you hear us? Suddenly I regained 1 6 I decided to 17 track next yearI realized strength and courage arent always 18 in medals and victories, but in the 19 we overe(战胜)The strongest people are not always the people who win， 20 the people who dont give up when they lose 1Aslighter Bworse Cearlier Dheavier 2Aexpected Bsupposed Cimagined Ddoubted 3Alate Beager Cready Dthirsty 4Afrom behind B ahead of Cnext to Dclose to 5Aashamed Bastonished Cexcited Dfrightened 6Acheer Bshout Ccry Dnoise 7Aslow down Bdrop out Cgo on Dspeed up 8ATherefore BOtherwise CBesides DHowever 9Awith delight Bwith fear Cin pain Din advance 10Aplay Barrive Crace Dattend 11Aeven if Bonly if Cunless Duntil 12Aweaker Blonger Clower Dlouder 13Awell enough Bsure enough Csurprisingly enough Dstrangely enough 14Awhile Bwhen Cas Dsince 15Afinished Bwon Cpassed Dlost 16Acheer Bhope Cinterest Dexperience 17Ahold on Bturn to Cbegin with Dstick with 18Ameasured Bpraised Ctested Dincreased 19Asadness Bstruggles Cdiseases Dtiredness 20Aor Bnor Cand Dbut参考答案与解析1C本空要确定injury的修饰语；根据修辞关系，应先确定为A或C项。时值地区运动会，作者对是否参加这次运动会犹豫不决，因为原先的脚伤还未痊愈。显然指受伤的时间，C项earlier为理想的选项。2D本空要确定谓语动词。根据该动词的宾语从句关联词whether or not，可判断该动词必然表示“不确定性”。其前句刚提到“自己的脚伤还未痊愈”，自然作者对是否参加这次运动会犹豫不决。D项doubted正好符合题意。3C本空所在句子中的but表明前后句意义的转折。作者犹豫过，但还是准备参加3 000米跑。当然C项ready最合适。 4B “Readyset”(各就位!预备!)发令枪一响，大家起跑出发。又句中as I fell farther and farther be hind(当我越来越落后时)，意为别人早已跑在她前头，由此感到不好意思，感到羞愧。因此，选B项ahead of，rushed ahead of me(冲在我前头)。5A A项ashamed，felt ashamed(感到羞愧)。6A“Hooray!”shouted the crowd中Hooray!=Hurray!属感叹词，意为“好哇!，加油!，表示喜欢、赞成等。这种声音自然属于cheer类。故本空选A项cheer。7B表明第一名已领先作者两圈到达终点，此时作者边跑边想退出。而drop out意为“退出、放弃”与keep going正好形成意义上的转折，应选B项drop out。8D however恰当揭示前后句的逻辑关系。9C在有伤痛缠身的情况下，坚持跑完最后两圈，当然不轻松，故选C项in pain；ran in pain(很痛苦，很艰难地跑着)。10C句中and提示，与ran属同义，因此选C项race，race in track即指赛跑。11A本空属关联词的选择，以揭示主从句的逻辑关系。上句提到作者决意明年不再参加比赛了。可见，本空所在的句子进一步强化作者的这一决心。主从句存在强烈的假定性，意为“即便、纵使”，故选A项even if。12D本空前的破折号表明是对cheer的说明。根据loudest和I had ever heard at a meet及该空的修饰语than the one Id heard earlier，自然推断出D项louder是本空的唯一选项。13B 作者转过身说“They must be cheering for the boys”，must表示推测，说明作者当时的判断及确认，当然用sure表达在情理之中，因此，选B项sure enough。14B “be doingwhen”和“be about to dowhen”属常用句子结构。其中when意为suddenlyjust at that time。本空选B项when，全句表示“我刚要离开，正在那时，几个女孩走了过来。”15D lose a race意为“输了比赛”。16B依据上文的陈述，作者受到了鼓励，重新又获取了信心和希望，所以改变了主意，决定要参加明年的比赛。17D stick with意为remain in，口语色彩很浓，表示“固执、不舍弃、坚持到底”之意，与stick to相近，符合句义。18A通过亲身经历，作者意识到了坚强和勇气不总是由奖牌和获胜来衡量的，自然选A项measured；后一分句的but很重要，意为转折，在比赛中，我们跑完了全程，最终战胜了自己。19B诸选项中，能替代“比赛”意义的词便是B项struggles。20D本句中，“notbut”属表达形式，意为“不是而是”。2阅读理解 When Geoff Marcy was 14his parents bought him a telescopeEvery night，he would go onto the roof outside his window to see the wonders of the sky “What excited me most was whether there were planets(行星)in other solar(太阳的)systems where life might exist，”he says“I decided to try to find planets orbiting(沿轨道运行)other stars like our Sun” And he did“My fellow researcher，Paul Butler，and I found our first planet in 1995，”Dr Marcy says“We worked for ten years without finding anything! But we stuck with it，and our patience paid off” Since then，the two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets found orbiting other starsDr Marcy and Dr Butler also spotted the first “family” of three planetsIn June xx they announced another discovery：a Jupiter-like(像木星一样的)planet orbiting star 55 Cancri At first，the two researchers found only planets that orbit close to starsRecently，the scientists found planet farther outThe planet orbiting 55 Cancri is a major break through：it is the first sighting of a large gas planet about the same distance from the star as Jupiter is from the Sun Why is this important? Scientists think that life on Earth may exist because of two special features(特征)in our solar systemThe first is Jupiter “Because its so big，Jupiter pulls ets and asteroid (小行星)，or they all e and hit the Earth”Dr Marcy explains“Without Jupiter，life on Earth would likely have been destroyed A second feature is that Earth is a rocky planet where liquid water，which is necessary for life，can existUnlike gas planets，rocky planets likeEarth have surfaces where water can gather in pools and seas，which may support lifeA huge space exists between the Jupiter-like planet and two other planets that lie close to 5 5 CancriIs there an Earth-like planet in the space，too small for us to notice? If so, says Dr Marcy“We would have two striking similarities to our solar system：a Jupiter-like planet and an Earth-like planetAnd there may be life!” 1What can we learn about Dr Marcy from the passage? AHe is fond of watching Jupiter BHe is from a scientist family CHe dislikes working with Paul Butler DHe is interested in finding life in outer space 2Which of the following is true of the recent discovery? AThe planet is not as protective as Jupiter BThe planet is close to star 55 Cancri CThe planet proves to be a gas planet DThe planet is as large as Jupiter 3How many planets orbiting other stars have the two scientists discovered so far? A100 B69 C66 D65 4Dr Marcy thinks that life may exist in the 55 Cancri system because Ahe has found the system similar to the solar system Bhe has discovered an Earth-like planet there Che has discovered a rocky planet there Dhe has found signs of life in the system 5“But we stuck with it”(in Paragraph 3)means . Athey felt discouraged Bthey carried on with it Cthey failed in their attempt Dthey made some progress参考答案与解析 短文介绍了Geoff Marcy观察星空和发现新星的内容。 他和他的研究伙伴还发现地球之所以有生命存在是因为两个原因：第一，木星的引力吸走了彗星和小行星使地球得以平安。第二，地球是岩石表面，可以保存生命赖以生存的水。1D根据全文内容可以推测Dr Marcy热衷于寻找太空中其他的生命。2C根据第四段可以知道他们的最近一次发现是：In June xx they announced another discovery：a Jupiter-like planet orbiting star 55 Cancri根据第五段The planet orbiting 55 Cancri is a major breakthrough：it is the first sighting of a large gas planet可以最终确定答案。3D根据短文第四段中Since then，the two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets found orbiting other stars和第2题解释可以计算出答案。4A根据Dr Marcy的理论以及他观察到的内容可以推测出他认为这个星球可能有生命的理由。5B stick with意为“忠心于，忠于”。此处可以理解为“坚持，继续”。