2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习步骤化写作增分第二步过句子关第二讲句子如何写美讲义.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习步骤化写作增分第二步过句子关第二讲句子如何写美讲义写作时应避免使用相同长度的相同句型，而应注意句式的变化，如长短句结合，简单句、复杂句和复合句并用，还可以使用简化句等，这样可以增加文章亮点。一、让简单句“靓”起来扩写简单句在简单句的基础上充分利用形容词、副词、定语从句和状语从句等来充实句子，让句子体现作者较高的修辞意识。He is sleeping.He is sleeping in class.(添加状语)He is sleeping in the English class.(添加定语)He is sleeping soundly in the English class.(添加状语)He is sleeping soundly in the English class when the teacher calls his name.(添加when连接的状语从句)He, who attended his friends birthday party till midnight yesterday, is sleeping soundly in the English class when the teacher calls his name.(添加who引导的定语从句)注意：扩写句子时有一点很关键，即要明晰句子的主要成分，并搞清单词的词性，如：它是名词还是动词，是形容词还是副词。二、让句子“瘦”下来高级简单句有些句子过于冗长，让句子显得不够简洁，如果用单词、介词短语、非谓语动词等简化句子，可使句子变得更加优美。1用单词简化句子As he was tired and hungry, the boy was unwilling to move on.Tired and hungry, the boy was unwilling to move on.2用介词短语简化句子We will not finish the task if you do not help us.Without your help, we will not finish the task.3用非谓语动词简化句子Mary came late, which made her teacher angry.Marys ing late made her teacher angry.Because he did not know what to do, he had to ask the teacher for help.Not knowing what to do, he had to ask the teacher for help.4用并列结构简化句子I am a music lover. Jack is also a music lover.Both Jack and I are music lovers.三、交叉使用长句与短句在英语写作中，过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好，正确的做法是，根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短句，使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。例中午我们在阳光下吃野餐。休息了一会儿后，我们唱歌的唱歌，跳舞的跳舞，还有的讲故事、下棋，大家玩得很开心。一般句At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine.Then we had a short rest.Then we began to play happily.We sang and danced.Some told stories.Some played chess.优秀句At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine.After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling stories and playing chess.四、恰当套用某些固定表达方式例1他太累了，不能再往前走了。一般句He was very tired.He couldnt walk any farther.优秀句He was too tired to walk any farther.例2这部电影很有趣，老师和学生都很喜欢。一般句The film was very interesting.Both the teachers and the students liked it.优秀句The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.例3你的儿子已经长大，现在可以自己照顾自己了。一般句Your son is old.He can look after himself now.优秀句Your son is old enough to look after himself now. .句型转化(改为高级简单句)1We know of different cultures by learning English.Learning_English gives us an access to an exploration of a variety of cultures.2It was a whole day before we got to the top of the mountain on foot.It_took_us_a_whole_day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.3I wasnt good at municating with others, which made me feel lonely.Not_being_good_at_municating_with_others made me feel lonely.4As time went on, the class are beginning to know me better.With_time_going_on,_the class are beginning to know me better.5They stayed in the cave and had nothing to eat.They stayed in the cave, with_nothing_to_eat.6I think that helping the poor is our duty.I think it our duty to_help_the_poor.7We talked about Mr.Smith who is our new teacher.We talked about Mr.Smith, our_new_teacher.8Because she is working hard, she is bound to rank first in the ing exam.Working_hard,_she is bound to rank first in the ing exam.9If you speak more, write more and read more, you can improve your English before you know them.By_speaking_more,_writing_more_and_reading_more,_you can improve your English before you know them.10Shanghai, which is one of the biggest cities in China, is the most developed.Shanghai, one_of_the_biggest_cities_in_China,_is the most developed.将下列句子改为高级句1He is so kind that he can help me.He is so_kind_as_to_help_me.(so .as to .)2When he arrives, please give me an email.On_arriving/his_arrival,_please give me an email.(on doing/sth.)3I happened to have met him.It_happened_that_I_had_met_him.(It happened that .)4I wont believe what he says.No_matter_what_he_says,_I wont believe.(no matter what .)5She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.Followed_by_many_students,_she walked out of the lab.(过去分词短语作状语)第2课时从内容上意蕴丰满一、灵活改变句子开头在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语谓语宾语”，即主语位于句子开头。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如使用倒装语序或以状语开头等，就会增强文章的表现力。在写作中，倒装句型应用比较广泛，涉及的句型主要包括部分倒装和全部倒装。1“only修饰副词、介词短语或状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。Only in this way can we students study happily and effectively.(xx湖南高考满分作文)只有用这种方法，我们学生才能愉快、有效地学习。2none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定词，以及表示否定意义的介词短语如at no time, by no means等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。No sooner/Hardly had he finished his talk than/when he was surrounded by the excited workers.他刚一结束讲话就被兴奋的工人们围了起来。3在so/such . that .结构中，当so/such .位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他说英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听懂。4as/though“尽管”Child as/though he is, he knows a lot about astronomy.虽然他是个孩子，但他知道很多天文学知识。5were/should/had .“如果”Were I in his position, I wouldnt do it that way.如果我在他的位置上，我是不会那么做的。Looking back, I feel I wouldnt be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.(xx福建高考书面表达)回顾以往，我感觉如果我失去了信心就学不会骑自行车。6here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, on the wall, in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用全部倒装。In that picture, around the table with three books on it sit three students.(xx上海高考满分作文)在图画中，三个学生围坐在桌子周围，桌子上有三本书。For a moment nothing happened. Then came voices all shouting together.有一段时间什么也没发生，然后传来了大家一起喊叫的声音。二、合理使用省略句在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，这种现象叫省略。合理恰当地使用省略句，不仅可以使文章精练、简洁，而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。1祈使句中通常省略主语、谓语的一部分、表语等重复的部分。(It) Sounds like a good idea.听上去是一个好办法。Are you thirsty?Yes, I am (thirsty)你口渴吗？是的，我很渴。Lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.让我们还在昨天的老地方见面。2两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。My brother is a doctor and my sisterinlaw (is) a lawyer.我哥哥是医生，我嫂子是律师。3在以when, while, once引导的时间状语从句及以if, unless引导的条件状语从句中和though, although引导的让步状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致或者从句主语是it，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语be”部分。Unless (he is) invited, he wont e.除非邀请他，否则他不会来。If (it is) possible, Im going to visit some nursing homes in the city.如果有可能的话，我将去探望市里的几家敬老院。三、适当运用非谓语结构众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。而恰当地运用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅显得句式多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。(一)运用非谓语动词转换简单句写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。转换时可采用“三步法”：示例第一步：写出两个简单句。In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”It aims to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.第二步：让句作主句，用非谓语动词改写句。第三步：让句作定语，由于其动词aim与主语it之间为主动关系，故用现在分词短语作定语。In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， aiming to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.(xx全国卷满分作文)试用上述方法转换下面句子：Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas.This led to a slower growth.Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading_to_a_slower_growth.(xx江苏高考书面表达)It carries articles about the cultures of their home countries. They are written by foreign friends.It carries articles written_by_foreign_friends about the cultures of their home countries.(xx全国卷书面表达)(二)运用非谓语动词转换复合句用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需转换的一般是从句部分，这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词，再把握好时态和语态即可，所以只需两步。示例第一步：写出复合句。Since you have realized that your time is limited, youll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.第二步：把since引导的原因状语从句转换为非谓语动词，realize与you之间为主动关系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。Having realized that your time is limited, youll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.(xx安徽高考满分作文)试用上述方法转换下面句子：Because I thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.Thinking_that_his_solution_might_be_wrong,_I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.(xx湖北高考短文写作)