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一、单词拼写1. He to_(作证) having seen the man enter the building.2. I will do my utmost to help you find_(住处) .3. In his early days he _ (放弃) medicine for literature. 4. Hearing that the famous star was about to appear, the fans y_ and cheered.5. We hope to have an ine of an average a_ growth rate of 10%.6. The escaped prisoner was _ (拉) out of the cave.7. Ginas _ (语言) is so sharp that it will get her into trouble one day.8. He told us some amusing _ (轶事) of the Presidents childhood.9. They had an _ (令人敬畏的) task ahead.10. Human brains contain more than 100 million _ (细胞) per cubic (立方) centimeter.二、翻译下列短语1扯进来：赚得 _ 2在远处 _3帮助(摆脱困境) _ 4一群 _ 5正要做某事 _ 6吓死了 _7仔细考虑 _ 8意识到 _9与此同时，在此期间 _ 10颠倒 _11. 听说 _ 12. 亲眼看到 _ 13. 分类,整理_ 14. 大声喊叫_ 15. 快点 _ 16. 跑在前_ 17. 给某人领路_ 18.在远处 _19. 因为很害怕_ 20. 抬高,举起 _三、用本单元相关短语完成下面的句子。1. Hes the one man who can_ you of your difficulty.2. By working hard he got_ the rest of the class.3. Just dump everything over there Ill _later. 4. I want you to _the situation before it affects you. 5. Everything in the room was_. 6. I _give up when the good news came. 7. We heard the bell striking 2 o clock_. 8. He took _cigarettes from his shirt pocket. 9. The corporal and two soldiers had e up_. 10. Let them who agree _their hands! 四、单句翻译 1. 当好消息传来时我正打算放弃。 2. 人们发现那辆损坏的脚踏车被扔在河边。3. 他作证说看见那个男人进了大楼。4. 我们听见远处的钟在敲两点。5. 他每天要用三个小时的时间做作业。6. 他经深思后明白自己无权做这件事。7. 我一点也不怕他。8. 我很清楚他就是我要求助的人。9. 室内的一切都被搞得乱七八糟。10. 你该把它挂在我们大家都能见到的地方。Keys:一、1. witnessed 2. acmodation 3. abandoned 4. yelled 5. annual 6. dragged 7. tongue 8. anecdotes 9. awesome 10. cells二、1. bring in 2. in the distance 3. help out 4. a pack of 5. be about to do sth. 6. be scared to death 7. reflect on 8. be/ bee aware of/ that 9. in the meantime 10. upside down11hear of 12. witness with ones own eyes 13. sort out 14. yell out15. e on 16. run ahead of 17. show sb the way18. in the distance 19. be terrified of 20. hold up三、1. help; out 2. ahead of 3. sort it out 4. be aware of 5. turned upside down6. was about to 7. in the distance 8. a pack of 9. in the meantime 10. hold up四、1. I was about ready to give up when the good news came. 2. The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side. 3. He witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.4. We heard the bell striking 2 o clock in the distance. 5. It takes him three hours to do his homework everyday.6. He reflected that he had no right to do this. 7. I am not a bit scared of him. 8. I am well aware that he is the one I should turn to.9. Everything in the room was turned upside down. 10. You shall put it up where we all can see it. 一、重点单词1. witness vt.目击,作证,证明 1. We all came to witness history and watch the historic flight of teacher Christa McAuliffe. 我们聚集一起见证历史，观看教师克里斯塔麦考利夫历史性的飞行。 2. Did anyone witness the robbery? 有人亲眼看到那次抢劫了吗? witness an accident, a murde, a quarrel 目击一事故、谋杀事件、一场争吵 vi. 作证人 He witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.n. 证人,目击者,证据,证明,证词Life without a friend is death without a witness 在世无朋友,死后无证人。The witness stated the facts very clearly. 证人把事实陈述得很清楚。 give witness on behalf of sb 替作证be a witness to . 是的目击者witness to sth doing sth (在法庭上)作证bear / give witness to sth 作证支持某人2. acmodationn. 膳宿,旅馆房间;容纳,提供,适应 Acmodation is expensive in this city. 这个城市住房昂贵。 I will do my utmost to help you find acmodation. 我将尽我最大之力帮你找到住处。Can I raise a point about acmodation? 我可以提出一个关于膳宿供应的看法吗 To look for acmodation 寻找住处 Provide food and acmodation for sb 向某人提供食宿 3. abandonabandon vt. 抛弃,离弃,遗弃;放弃In his early days he abandoned medicine for literature. 他早年弃医学文。The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side. 人们发现那辆损坏的脚踏车被扔在河边。The scientist abandoned his research for lack of fund. 这位科学家因缺少资金而放弃了研究工作。 I would never abandon my friends. 我永远不舍弃我的朋友。 Only weak and cowardly natures abandon themselves to sorrow. 只有那些软弱怯懦之人才沉溺于忧伤之中。 She abandoned herself to a diet and lost thirty pounds. 她沉迷于减肥而且减了三十磅 。4. reflect reflect vi &vt reflection vt. 反射,反映 vi. 反射,映出,思考 The still water reflected the full moon. 恬静的水面映出一轮圆月。He reflected that he had no right to do this. 他经深思后明白自己无权做这件事。 Lanny continued to reflect upon it. 兰妮接着考虑这件事。 A mans action reflects his thought.一个人的行为反映出他的思想。5. tasten. 味道,品味,味觉,感受, 爱好 vt / vi 尝起来/ 品尝Our dining-room tries to cater to all passengers tastes. 我们的餐厅尽力满足所有旅客的口味。 A taste for adventure.爱好冒险 Beer tastes bitter .啤酒的味道是苦的。 6. narrown. 狭窄部分,海峡,隘路a. 狭窄的,精密的,有限的,勉强的,眼光短浅的They had to worm their way through the narrow tunnel.他们得钻过狭窄的隧道. He was so narrow - minded he could see through a keyhole with two eyes. 他眼光狭窄，竟然能够用两只眼睛透过一个钥匙孔来看。A lane is a narrow country road which winds between fields,connecting villages. lane亦指郊外的狭窄小路,蜿蜒穿过田间,连接各个村落. 7. scarescare vt. 恐吓，使惊吓scared adj. 惊吓的，恐惧的be scared of (doing) sth /to do sthDont let the size of the task scare you. 这么多任务，别吓坏了你。 There was a bomb scare during the procession. 在列队行进时因怀疑有炸弹而引起恐慌. I am not a bit scare of him. 我一点也不怕他。Im scared to look down from the top of a tall building. 我害怕从高楼楼顶朝下看。二、重点短语1a pack of 一盒,一包;一伙,一群He took a pack of cigarettes from his shirt pocket. 他从衬衣口袋里取出一包纸烟。The book told a pack of lies. 这本书是一大堆谎言。A pack of hounds chased the fox. 一群猎犬追捕狐狸。I had a pack of cards. 我有一副扑克牌。I smoke a pack of cigarettes a day. 我一天抽一包香烟。2. be about tobe about to 表示即将发生的动作，意为“即将,正要,正准备,正打算”，不也具体的表将来时间的副词或副词性短语连用，但可以与as或when引导的时间状语连用。I was about ready to give up when the good news came. 当好消息传来时我正打算放弃。Something unusual was about to happen. 某种不寻常的事正要发生。 We all felt that our luck was about to turn. 我们都以为我们的运气要转变了。 He is about to turn on the light. 他就要把灯打开。 3. e on 跟着来,开始,出台,上演 快点,赶快 The generals and soldiers came on in spite of heavy fire. 官兵冒着猛烈的炮火继续前进。 Fly the kite when a thunderstorm appears to be ing on. 在暴风雨即将来临的时候去放风筝。 与e相关的短语：e about 发生e across 偶然遇见e forth 出来，涌现e out 出版，（花）开e through （电话）接通e up 走近，上升e to 总计e up with 赶上，补充4. in the distance 在远处,在很远的那边We heard the bell striking 2 o clock in the distance. 我们听见远处的钟在敲两点。The sound of the motorbike faded away in the distance. 摩托车的声音在远处逐渐消失了。5. ahead of (空间上/时间上)在之前, 比好/强Ahead of us was a big river.Time here is 9 hours ahead of London.这儿时间比伦敦早九个小时He is ahead of me in Chinese.get ahead of 超越By working hard he got ahead of the rest of the class.6. at the time 当时Admittedly, he didnt know that at the time. 无可否认,他当时并不知道。You didnt know how eager she was at the time. 你不了解她当时急切的心情。At the time from 11 p. m to 1 a. m. 子时时分 7. sort out 分类,清理;澄清,解决(问题/困难)Just dump everything over there Ill sort it out later. 先把东西都堆在那边-我等会儿再整理.I sort out the mail. 我分拣邮件。8. 与throw相关的短语：throw cold water on 泼冷水 throw off 抛弃，摆脱throw over 回棋，变换 throw away 浪费，拒绝throw down 打倒，推翻 throw up 呕吐9. 与out of 相关的短语：out of breath 上气不接下气 out of date 过时的out of control 失控 out of question 可能的out of the question 不可能的 out of repair 失修10. be/ bee aware of / thatbe/ bee (well) aware of / that对知道，明白；意识到I want you to be aware of the situation before it affects you. 我希望在情况影响你前,你能察觉到。 Im very much aware of the lack of food supplies. 我深知食物贮备不足。I am well aware that he is the one I should turn to.我很清楚他就是我要求助的人。11. upside downupside down adv.颠倒,混乱上下翻转的She was right! It was upside-down! 她说得对!是挂倒了! Everything in the room was turned upside down. 室内的一切都被搞得乱七八糟。 He turned the table upside down. 他把桌子弄翻了。The children turned the house upside down. 孩子们把屋里弄得乱七八糟。三、重点句型 1.but where the reef ended, there was a sharp drop to the sandy ocean floor.在本句中where 引导的是状语从句。A cinema is a building where film is shown. 电影院是放电影的馆所。You shall put it up where we all can see it. 你该把它挂在我们大家都能见到的地方。Well pick up where we finished yesterday. 我们从昨天停止的地方继续进行。2. It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James.用了半个多小时的时间才把船划回到詹姆斯身边。这是一个It takes (sb.) some time/sth. to do sth. 的固定句式，take 意为“花费、需要”，take 前也可用具体名词作主语。It takes him three hours to do his homework everyday.他每天要用三个小时的时间做作业。It takes (sb.) some time/sth. to do sth. 的固定句式，take 意为“花费、需要”，take 前也可用具体名词作主语。It takes him three hours to do his homework everyday.他每天要用三个小时的时间做作业。It takes quite a bit of time to get from London to Glasgow. 从伦敦到格拉斯哥要花很多时间. 四、疑难辨析as, when和while1) as 强调主从句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。 从句表示随时间推移连词能用as，不用when 或while。As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。2) when 可表示瞬间、时间段，主从句动作同时发生，也可以先后发生。当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3) as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 4) while 用于同时进行的两个延续性动作相伴发生，常对同类动作进行对比。1_ you have finished your work, you may have a rest.2_ I stopped my car, a man came up to me.3_the day went on, the weather got worse. 4_ was walking down the street ,I met an old friend .Keys: 1. When 2. When (As) 3. As 4. When (while)V-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。 一、 V-ing形式的名词特征V-ing形式否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job. 主语Her job is teaching. 表语He is fond of playing football. 宾语developing countries 定语working people 定语二、 V-ing形式作主语 1 V-ing形式作主语表示抽象的经常性的意义。 Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. 大声朗读对我们学习一门外语是很重要的。 Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit. 早睡早起被认为是一种好习惯。V-ing形式在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名词 +doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。Its no good waiting here. Lets go home. 在这儿等没好处，咱们回家吧。It is no use your plaining; the pany wont do anything about it.抱怨是没有用的，公司是不会管的。V-ing形式在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile/worth等形容词 + doing”结构中作主语。It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light. 用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again.很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。V-ing形式在“There is(was) no + doing”结构中作主语。There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded.不容抵赖这个事实，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。There is no littering about. 不许乱扔杂物。V-ing作宾语有些动词后面要求跟V-ing作宾语。常这样用的动词有：admit 承认 ； excuse 原谅 ； postpone 拖延 ；anticipate 期望； fancy 想象 practice 练习；appreciate 欣赏； finish 完成； prevent 防止； avoid 避免；forbid 禁止； propose 建议； consider 考虑； forgive 宽恕； delay 耽搁； imagine 想象； resent 厌恶；deny 否认； resist 抵制； keep 保留； risk 冒险； dislike 讨厌； mind 在意； miss 错过； suggest 建议； enjoy 喜欢； pardon 原谅；escape 逃避He managed to escape suffering from the disease.他设法避免患那种疾病。Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter.史密斯教授考虑在学生们学习下一章之前给他们一份读书清单。When he came back home from his night shift, Jason tried to avoid wakening his family.当杰逊下夜班回到家时，他尽力不弄醒他的家人。The suspect denied turning on the puter in the office that night.犯罪嫌疑人否认他那晚开过办公室的电脑。 有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词短语有：cant stand 忍不住； cant help 忍不住； feel like 想欲；give up 放弃； put off 推迟After hearing the funny story, all of us couldnt help laughing ear to ear. 听完了那个滑稽故事，我们忍不住大笑了。Do you feel like taking a walk?你要不要去散步？V-ing形式常跟在介词或介词短语后做宾语。常这样用的介词短语有：instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to 等。Im looking forward to your ing next time. 我期待着您下一次的到来。Thank you for offering me so much help.感谢你们给我提供了这么多的帮助。He is fond of watching sports-games.他喜欢观看体育竞赛。在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + V-ing形式；be busy (in) + V-ing形式；waste time (in) + V-ing形式；lost time (in) + V-ing形式；There is no point (in) + V-ing形式”等结构中， V-ing形式做介词宾语，in常要省去。The children are busy doing their homework.孩子们忙于做作业。There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。二、动名词可具有时态意义 动名词可以像动词那样表现时态意义，有一般式（doing）和完成式（having done）之分。动名词的时态意义是一个相对的概念，从属于句中谓语动词。一般式表示动名词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生，或表示一般性动作，没有时间概念；完成式表示动名词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。 The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing the report in time.那位秘书因没有按时将报告打印出来而受责备。(动名词的完成时态)I regret having said some rude words to my brother.我后悔对我弟弟说了些粗话。We have no idea of their having done such kind of thing.我们不知道他们干过这种事情。三、动名词可具有语态意义 如果动名词与句中的逻辑主语构成被动关系，即逻辑主语是接受动名词的动作，需用其被动形式（being done，having been done）。其否定形式是：not being done, not having been donePeople hate being praised for nothing .人们不喜欢无缘无故的赞扬。The problem is far from being solved .这问题远没得到解决。She didnt mind being left alone at home .她不介意被一人留在家里。注意在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。Your car needs filling. 你这车要充气了。This city deserves visiting. 这座城市值得光顾一下。The problem requires studying carefully.这个问题需要认真研究。The trees want watering.这些树需要浇水了。在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。His suggestion is worth considering.The book is worth reading.在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. Exercises1. The thief entered the room without _. A. noticing B. being noticed C. having noticed D. having been noticed2. Besides _, she is kind and tender.A. beautiful B. being beautiful C. she beautiful D. is beautiful3. He apologized for _. A. his not being able to e B. his being not able to e C. his being able not to e D. him not being able to e 4. When he heard the big noise, Tom stopped _ and _ to the window to see what was happening. A. to read; went B. reading; to go C. reading; going D. reading; went 5. I am busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework at home.A. preparing; doing B. preparing; to do C. to prepare; doing D. to prepare; to do6._the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail 7. _ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making 8. I dont think its much good _ to him. A. writing B. to write C. write D. written 9. Such books are not worthy _ at all. A. of being read B. being read C. reading D. to read 10. It is no use _ without through _. A. to read; understood B. reading; understanding C. to read; understand D. read; to understand11. Sorry, we dont allow _ in the lecture room.A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking12. They dont permit _ noise her.A. to make B. make C. making D. made13. The sentence wants _ once more.A. to explain B. explaining C. being explained D. to be explained it14. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A. catching B. to be caughtC. being caught D. to catch 15. Ali said that she wouldntmind _ alone at home.A. leftB. being left C. to be leftD. leaving16. She _ the key.A. admitted taking B. admitted takingC. admitted having taken D. admitted to have taken17. Did you enjoy yourself last night? Its very nice of you. I appreciated _ to the party.A. to be invited B. to have invited C. being invited D. having been invited18. While were developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth _.A. from polluting B. polluted C. polluting D. being pollutedKeys: BBADA BDAAB CCBCB CDD1 share (v) (1) sth with sb 与某人分享某物 He would share his last pound with me. (2) sth between sb 共同承担 We share a small room between us. 我们俩合用一个房间.(3) share sth among sb 共享/均分 Please share the sweets among the children present here. Profits are shared (out) among the partners. 合伙人均分利润。(4) (in) sth We will share the joys and sorrows. (5) vi There is only one room , so well have to share. （合用） You must learn to share. (6) n 一份，股份 Let me take a share in the expenses . 这些费用让我也出一份。 He owns 500 shares of the pany. 他拥有那家公司的500 股股份。 share sbs joys and sorrows 和某人同甘共苦2 favorite (1) adj 最喜欢的 Who is your favorite writer? be favorite with 在中受欢迎 The singer is popular with young people.(2) n最喜欢的人或物The book is a favorite with students. Liu Xiang is a general favorite.。刘翔是最受大众喜欢的人 favor 喜欢，支持 in favor of 支持，赞成 favorable 赞成的，有利的，讨人喜欢的 favoritism (n) 偏爱，得宠3 witness (1) v 当场见到，目击 I witnessed an accident on my way home yesterday. (2) v表明，说明 Her flushed（通红） face witnessed the excitement she felt. (3) v作证 None could witness that he was present. (4) v 为作证 常与to 连用 He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room. 他作证说他看到那个人进入房间。(5) n (C) “目击者，证人”常与to连用The police found the witness to the murder case.He was a witness to the accident.(6) n (C,U) 证词，证据，证明 His ragged clothes were (a) witness to his poverty. The old man gave witness on behalf of an accused person. 那位老人为被告作证。 on behalf of 代表/替 相关短语：be a witness to 是的目击者 give witness on behalf of 替作证 witness to 为某事作证说4 as (1) conj 用作连词可引导时间，原因，让步，比较，方式等状语从句 As he looked at her, she made a face. As he didnt know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up . He doesnt speak as the other people do . You must do as I told you. He is not so diligent as you. Young as he is , he knows a lot. Child/Student as he is, he has a good knowledge of history.As a young boy , he lost his parents in the war. I watched her as she bed her hair. I have changed it as you suggested. I read the letter as I walked along the river. As you werent there , I left a message. As he has been ill , perhaps he needs help. Try as he would , he couldnt open the door. Tired as they were, they walked on. Leave the table as it is. (2) 作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，先行词前常有such, the same, as, so 与之呼应，构成suchas, soas,等 Well make such puters as are needed in different branches of science.I want to buy the same shoes as were advertised.(3) 作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，as 指前或后面整个句子的内容。 As you can see in the map, the two cities are far away from each other. As everybody knows ,all that glitters is not gold. As is known to us all, Taiwan is part of China.(4) prep 作为 You will be weled as a hero tomorrow morning . She treats him as her brother. 近义词辨析： as 强调主从句谓语动词的动作同时发生。 We talked as we walked on our way home.一.从下面方框中选择适当的短语填空, 注意实用其正确形式。-ahead of in the meantime help out be aware ofupside down scare to death sort out a pack of-1. There was a roadblock straight _ us.2. Women _ often more _ their feelings than men.3. Ill phone for a taxi. _, you must get packed.4. They were _ by the terrible snowstorm.5. The cooks ill, so I am _ this week.6. They met _ wolves in the forest.7. Weve got a few l
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