2019-2020年高中英语 Unit21 HUMAN BIOLOGY难句.剖析.拓展 北师大版选修7.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 Unit21 HUMAN BIOLOGY难句.剖析.拓展 北师大版选修71. Many contemporary amateur athletes would have broken world records if they had taken part in the first Olympic Games.假如许多业余选手参加了第一届奥运会的话，他们有可能打破世界纪录。剖析 这是一个主从复合句，Many contemporary amateur athletes would have broken world records是主句, if they had taken part in the first Olympic Games是条件状语从句。2. Taking these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.众所周知，服用这些药就是服“兴奋剂”。尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩，但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员招来日后生活中的健康麻烦。剖析 这是一个含有and的并列复合句，在第一个并列分句Taking these drugs is known as “doping” 中，主语和宾语都是动名词，在第二个并列分句中，although they enhance performance是让步状语从句，they also cause serious health problems in later life for those是主句，who abuse them是定语从句。3. Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动的问题，也是有运动员想寻求取得超常体育成绩而准备欺骗的每一项体育项目的问题。剖析 这是一个省略了but also的并列复合句，Doping is not only a problem in athletics是第一个并列分句，（but also）it is part of every sport是第二个并列分句。where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so是定语从句。拓展 关系副词where 引导定语从句除了修饰地点名词place, village, town, city, school, home 外，还可以修饰下列名词sport, spot, point, conditions, mark等名词。4. The Olympic spirit the spirit of petition which emphasises taking part rather than winning-has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。剖析 本句中The Olympic spirit has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs是主句, the spirit of petition是同位语，which emphasizes taking part rather than winning是定语从句。5. One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about 500-550 AD when Roman emperor at the time was attempting to rebuild the Roman Empire.历史上有记载的最早的传染病之一发生在公元500550，当时的罗马皇帝正试图重建罗马帝国。剖析 1)本句中when引导的是时间状语从句。2）be attempting to do“正要企图干某事”。拓展 happen还有“碰巧”之意。常用it作形式主语。It happened that. . . 碰巧发生了It happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。It happened that I was out when he called. 他来访时，恰巧我出去了。6. Modern munication technology and medical research techniques allow heath experts all over the world to unite, share knowledge and work together without pause to help put SARS behind us.现代通讯技术和医学研究技术使全世界的医学专家们能够联合起来，分享知识，不停顿地通力合作，这将有助于将“非典”抛在我们的身后。剖析 这是一个含有不定式的简单句，Modern munication technology and medical research techniques是主语，allow是谓语， heath experts all over the world是宾语，接下来是三个不定式to unite, share knowledge and work together作宾语补足语，后两个省略了to，without pause to help put SARS behind us是介词短语作状语。拓展 1)allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。如：Allow me to introduce Miss Mary. 请允许我介绍一下玛丽小姐。2)allow doing sth. 允许做某事。7. Although these statistics are much less impressive than those for the Spanish Flu, SARS was still very alarming for a few key reasons.虽然这些统计数字远远不及西班牙流感的数字那样令人震撼，但由于一些重要的原因，“非典”还是给人们敲响了警钟。剖析 1）这是一个主从复合句，Although these statistics are much less impressive than those for the Spanish Flu是让步状语从句，SARS was still very alarming for a few key reasons是主句。2）alarming adj. 使人惊动的, 令人担忧的。3）for a few key reasons. 意为“由于一些重要的原因”。8. Bacteria and viruses have been around since the beginning of life on Earth and many of todays diseases have existed as long as humans have.自从地球上有生命开始，细菌和病毒一直存在，今天很多的疾病和人类存在的时间一样长。剖析 1)这是一个由and连接的并列复合句，第一个并列分句是Bacteria and viruses have been around, since the beginning of life on Earth是时间状语；第二个并列分句是many of todays diseases have existed，as long as humans have是时间状语从句，也是一个省略句，省略了existed。2）since引导时间状语的时候，谓语用现在完成时态。拓展 1) as long as像一样长。如： The Changjiang River is not as long as the Yellow River.长江和黄河不一样长。2）as long as只要。如：As long as you finish your homework on time, you can watch TV for an hour.只要你准时完成作业，你可以看一个小时的电视。9. Since most people had no natural defenses against the disease, it was also harmful to the doctors and nurses treating the SARS patients.因为大部分人对这种疾病没有天生的抵御能力，这种疾病对治疗“非典”病人的医生和护士也有害。剖析 1）since most people had no natural defenses against the disease是原因状语从句，it was also harmful to the doctors and nurses treating the SARS patients是主句。2）在had no natural defenses against the disease中，against表示“对抗”的意义。3）treating the SARS patients是现在分词作定语，修饰the doctors and nurses。拓展 1）since用作介词，意为“自以来；自以后”。如：Since then, he has developed another bad habit.自那以后, 它养成了另一种坏习惯。2）since用作连词，意为“自以后；自以来”，与完成时连用。如：It was three years since we had been there.我们在那儿已呆了三。3）since作连词，意为“既然；因为”。如：Since you ask, I will tell you.你既然问，我就告诉你。