资源描述
专项十三 特殊句式及其他,一、倒装 倒装句必考的五大句型：NAOSH (1)N代表none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定词，以及由no构成的否定短语如at no time, by no means等置于句首的部分倒装。,Part,规律印证 考 点 落 实 ， 步 步 为 “ 赢 ”,边 做 边 悟,(2013福建卷) 直到他经历了真正的困难他才意识到对家人的爱的重要性。 Not until he went through real hardship _ the love we have for our families is important. (2013江苏卷)这个男孩说：“我从来没有怀疑过我爸爸会来救我。” “Never for a second，” the boy says, “ _ that my father would come to my rescue.”,(2)A代表as/though，表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句时用部分倒装。 (重庆高考) 虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是他为了得到一些工作经验还是接受了它。 Unsatisfied _ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.,(3)O代表only，“only状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 (2013新课标全国卷) 只有增加50%的医生，病人才能在这家医院得到妥善治疗。 Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _ properly in this hospital. (2013江西卷)只有当他为他的粗鲁道歉时，我才会再和他说话。 Only when he apologizes for his rudeness _ to him again.,(4)S代表so/such，so/such.that.结构中，当so/such位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。 (山东高考) 如此突然的攻击，敌人已经没有时间逃跑。 So sudden _ that the enemy had no time to escape. (5)H代表here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, on the wall, in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首时，句子用全部倒装。 (陕西高考)约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。 John opened the door.There _ he had never seen before.,(重庆高考)重庆，中国最大的十城市之一，坐落在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处。 At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _， one of the ten largest cities in China. 答案 did he realize did I doubt though/as he was can the patients be treated will I speak was the attack stood a girl lies Chongqing,二、强调 强调句型的基本结构：It is/was 被强调部分 that/who 其他部分。 (1)强调句的判别方法是：去掉It is/was和that/who后句子仍然完整。 (2013新课标全国卷) It was only after he had read the papers _ Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. 答案 that 句意：看到那些文件后，格罗斯先生才意识到他面前的任务完成起来是极其困难的。本题是强调句型，强调时间状语。注意It is/was.that/who.是强调句的标志，去掉后，句子依然完整。,(2013天津卷)It was not until near the end of the letter _ she mentioned her own plan. 答案 that 句意：直到将近信的结尾她才提及了自己的计划。本题的题干为强调句型，被强调部分为not until near the end of the letter。 Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down? 答案 that 强调句的结构是：“It is/was被强调的部分that/who句子的其他部分”，表示“正是”或“就是”。强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was it.that/who.？,(2)强调谓语动词时在其前面加do/does/did。 (四川高考)If you have a job, _ (devote) yourself to it and finally youll succeed. 答案 do devote 本句为“祈使句and陈述句”句型；do是对谓语动词devote的强调。,三、省略 (1)状语从句的省略 在状语从句中，如果主从句主语一致或从句的主语是it，且从句中含有be动词，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。 (2013江西卷) 如果有人要求为他照看行李，请马上报警。 If _ (ask)to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. 答案 asked,(2)不定式的省略 在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词，只保留to。 (2013新课标全国卷)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police_ . 答案 not to 考查省略。句意：那个司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。为了避免重复，常常省略与前文相同的部分，只保留不定式符号to。补充完整后应为“was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside”。,点津： 如果承前省略的不定式中含有be或have时，be和have不能省略。 Are you a doctor? No, but I used to be. He hasnt finished the work. But he ought to have.,四、主谓一致 1连接词与主谓一致 (1)就近原则：由or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but also.等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，采用就近一致原则，即谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter. (2)就远原则：主语部分包括as well as, rather than, but, except, with, together with, along with等连接其他名词时，谓语动词的形式应与前面的主语保持一致。, (2013福建卷)The famous musician, as well as his students, _ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. 答案 was invited 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：那位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在2012年台北花博会的开幕式上演出。首先，结合句意可知应用一般过去时描述过去的行为；其次，as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词应和前面的主语保持人称和数的一致，本句谓语应与the famous musician一致，用第三人称单数形式。, (2013江苏卷)Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development. 答案 is 考查主谓一致和时态。从题干可以看出本题的主语是students inner motivation，因此谓语动词用单数形式。根据题中的Generally可知应用一般现在时态。,2分数/不定量词作主语时的两大问题 (1)the rest, all, most, the majority, 百分数、分数等指代名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes. 答案 were 考查主谓一致和时态。句意：这家工厂使用了65%的原材料，其余的节省下来以作他用。后半句中的 the rest of which 中的which 指的是raw materials, 所以谓语动词用复数。,Onethird of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people. 答案 is；are 考查主谓一致。 句意：这个国家的三分之一被树覆盖，而且大多数公民是黑人。在第一空中，one third of the country 指“一个国家的三分之一”， 后面的谓语动词应用单数形式。在第二空中，the majority 后面的citizens 为复数意义，故谓语动词用复数形式。,(2)由a kind of, kinds of, an amount of, amounts of, a quantity of, quantities of跟名词或“名词 of this kind”等作主语时，谓语动词与of之前的名词保持一致。 This kind of apples tastes good and sells well. Apples of this kind taste good and sell well.,五、反意疑问句、祈使句和感叹句 (1)反意疑问句用于主从复合句中，疑问句一般应与主句的主谓语保持一致，但如果主句的主语是第一人称时，疑问句一般应与从句的主谓语保持一致。 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _？ 答案 is there 陈述部分中含有表示否定意义的词little，所以简短问句用肯定形式；陈述部分为there be句型，故简短问句应用is there。,It doesnt matter if they want to come to your party, _？ 答案 does it 题干中主句为It doesnt matter，反意疑问句应与主句保持一致。 I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, _？ 答案 didnt I 在反意疑问句中，若陈述部分是一个主从复合句，附加疑问句一般要与主句一致。,(2)祈使句做题的关键是搞清是祈使句还是非谓语动词作状语，主要句型“祈使句and/or陈述句”。 (2013湖南卷)Every day _ (read) a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized. 答案 read 句意：每天都要大声朗读几遍谚语，直到你能背诵为止。连词until引导时间状语从句，前面为主句，主句是一个祈使句。 Before you quit your job, _ (consider) how your family would feel about your decision. 答案 consider 前面是Before引导的时间状语从句，故后面是主句。分析题干可知此处是省略了主语you的祈使句。,(3)感叹句的两种基本模式：What (a/an)(形容词)名词(主语谓语)！与How形容词/副词主语谓语！应注意感叹句作动词宾语时的情况 (辽宁高考) _ a strange plant! Ive never seen it before. 答案 What 考查感叹句。句意：多么奇怪的植物啊！我以前从没见过。此处为“Whata/an adj.n.it is/was”的省略结构。,(北京高考)The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. 答案 what 考查名词性从句。句意：这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。此处what 引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。,1【误】 Did he begin to learn English only when he was 30 years old. 【正】 He began to learn English only when he was 30 years old./Only when he was 30 years old did he begin to learn English. 解析 当only 和所修饰的状语位于句首时引起部分倒装，如果不在句首时，则不倒装。此外，当 only 用于修饰主语时，也不倒装。如：Only the grownups are allowed to see the film.,考 点 警 示,2【误】 Not only can he repair bikes but can he repair televisions. 【正】 Not only can he repair bikes but he can repair televisions. 解析 not only.but (also)的部分倒装，其结构为：not only 倒装语序，but also 陈述语序。此外，当 not only.but also.位于句首连接两个并列的主语时，主谓也不倒装。如：Not only she but also I will get married next year.,3【误】 I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot. So do I. 【正】 I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot. So it is with me. 解析 若前句为两个或两个以上的分句，后句表示另外一个主语与前句有关的各种情况相同时，往往用：“so it is /was with 主语”或者是“it is /was the same with 主语”。,4【误】 A child as/though he is，he is very brave. 【正】 Child as/though he is，he is very brave. 解析 由 as /though 引导的表示“虽然，尽管”的让步状语从句用倒装语序，把从句的表语或状语等放在 as/though 的前面，但是如果从句中的表语是名词，该名词前不加任何冠词。,5【误】 Are you and Jane getting married? We hope. 【正】 Are you and Jane getting married? We hope to. 解析 动词不定式在 like，love，care，want，hope，expect，prefer，refuse，decide，mean，intend，try，promise 等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式后的内容，但是要保留不定式符号 to 。,一、强调句型与状语从句 判断下列句子是强调句型或状语从句。 昨天午夜我回到了家里。 It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday. 答案 强调句 当我昨天回到家里时，已经是午夜了。/昨天我还没到家就到了午夜了。 It was midnight when/before I got back home yesterday. 答案 状语从句,易 错 防 范,二、强调句型与定语从句 判断下列句子是强调句型或定语从句。 It was the room where the important meeting was once held. 答案 定语从句 It was in the room that the important meeting was once held. 答案 强调句,
展开阅读全文