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专题一 阅读理解,阅读理解篇,第二讲 推理判断类,第一部分,推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。要求考生在理解表面文字信息的基础上，尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意，做出正确的推理和判断，从而理解文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理的原则是据文推理，合情推理，不可妄加推理，过度推理。,题 型 特 点,一、推理判断题题干常用词 一般来说，推理判断题题干中主要包括下面的词语：know about, learn from, infer, imply, suggest, conclude, purpose, attitude, probably, most likely等。 二、推理判断题正确选项的特征 1“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。 2选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如only, never, all, absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等。,解 题 流 程,要做好推理判断题，需要充分阅读理解文章、分析语篇特征、寻找解题依据。考生应该在领会全文的基础上做出正确的推理和判断。 第一步 依据题干和选项及“顺序原则”确定信息源 推理判断题应该首先按照题干要求的范围进行解题，如果题目中没有提到具体的段落，那么通过“顺序原则”找到区域范围。如果这种情况下还是不能找到信息源，就必须考虑按照题干和四个选项的信息词从全文各个角落寻找答案。,第二步 比对原文和选项进行推理甄选 要注意推理的基础是原文内容，而不是自己的经验和主观判断，不可凭借自己的主观意愿臆断。有的题目的推理即为原文具体层面的“同义归纳”。所涉及的逻辑关系都是最简单的逻辑判断，一步即可推得，考生千万不能人为地把问题复杂化，推理很多步，反而得出错误的答案。,推理须知 1直接陈述文章内容的选项不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。 2推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知，因此正确选项一定能在文中找到依据或理由。 3不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法，因此脱离原文的主观臆断都是错误的。,分 类 例 析,1隐含推断题“逻辑关联”得结论,(2016全国，D片段) Bad news sells.If it bleeds, it leads.No news is good news, and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking peoples emails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. “The if it bleeds rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling.But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react.You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”,Q：What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? ATheyre socially inactive. BTheyre good at telling stories. CTheyre inconsiderate of others. DTheyre careful with their words.,解题思路 第一步 速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出进行推理判断的关键词 _ _ _ _ 第二步 根据该题选项的特点将找到的信息改编成选项C 尝试解答：_,They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling.,But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react.,You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.,inconsiderate of others/thoughtless of others,2文章出处题“专用词汇”做判断,(2014安徽，A) Personal Robot Make your parents and teachers happy! Are you having problems finishing your homework on time? Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you? You dont need to worry if you buy a Mr. Helping Hand personal robot. Mr. H can be programmed to organize your homework. Your own personal robot will follow you around, putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed.,Mr. H also has these features (特点)： weighs only 500 grams includes longlasting batteries comes with a 5year guarantee remembers simple instructions Originally (最初)sold for $499 NOW ONLY $299,WATCH CONTROL This is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear! This is NOT a watch for ordinary people! Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL acts as a remote control for TVs and videos. gives you a daily weather forecast. sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near. Besides, your PENGO WATCH CONTROL will always tell you the time accurately! Originally sold for $ 199 NOW ONLY $ 99 For further information, click here .,Q：Where would you be most likely to find the two texts? AOn a notice board. BIn a company brochure. COn a teenage website. DIn a college newspaper. 解题思路 第一步 速读文章，结合文章语言特色找出最能体现文章出处的专用词汇 _ _ 第二步 结合选项，试进行合理推断 尝试解答：_,BUY NOW,for further information, click here.,C,3观点态度类“言为心声”求褒贬,(2016四川，C片段) The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne. “I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years，” says Gin.“Ive been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.I dont see it as a lawless land.But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”,Q：What is Gins attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese? ACautious. BDoubtful. CUninterested. DAppreciative. 解题思路 第一步 速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出关键词 _ _ _ 第二步 结合文章主题，进行合理推断 尝试解答：_,I have a special love for the French Guianese People.,I dont see it as a lawless land.,But rather I see it as an area of freedom.,D,(2017全国，C片段) Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehiclenamed the Transitionhas two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.,Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways. Its expected to cost $ 279,000. And it wont help if youre stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway. Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.,Q：What is the governments attitude to the development of the flying care ACautious. BFavorable. CAmbiguous. DDisapproving. 解题思路 第一步 速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出关键词 The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. 第二步 结合文章主题，进行合理推断 尝试解答：_,B,4写作意图类“体裁主旨”寻意图,(2017全国，A片段) Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquirybased science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter, org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.,Q：What is the purpose of the last part of the text? ATo encourage donations. BTo advertise coming events. CTo introduce special exhibits. DTo tell about the Centers history.,解题思路 第一步 速读文章，找出相关信息句，标出关键词 _ _ _ _ 第二步 与选项进行对比得出答案 尝试解答：_,we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.,Visit pacificsciencecenter, org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.,A,干扰项分析 该部分的写作目的是鼓励人们以各种方式支持太平洋科学中心，也就是鼓励人们捐款，故选A项。 B、C两项无中生有，该部分没有提到“宣传即将举行的活动”和“介绍特殊的展览”。D项曲解文意，该部分提到了自1962年以来太平洋科学中心做的事情，但这不是为了讲述该中心的历史，而是为下文鼓励人们捐款作铺垫。,5篇章结构类“写作思路”辨结构,(2015湖北，E片段) On the whole，Brookss story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance，the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brookss attempt to translate his tale into science.,Q：What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph? AProblems with the book. BBrookss life experiences. CDeath of the characters. DBrookss translation skills.,解题思路 第一步 找出相关信息句 While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brookss attempt to translate his tale into science. 第二步 结合文体特点，进行合理推断 根据第五句可知，这本书中存在很多严重的问题，有些问题是Brooks企图用科学去解释他所写的故事。由此可推断出，接下来文章可能要讲到这本书中存在的一些问题，A项符合文章内容。 尝试解答：_,A,复 习 练 案,
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