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热点考向一 主语从句 引导主语从句的关联词有： 连词：that，whether，if 连接代词：what，whatever，which，who，whoever 连接副词：how，when，where，why,1由that(不充当句子成分，仅起引导作用)引导的主语从句，通常用it作形式主语。 It is very important that we must master English words as many as possible.,2whoever，whatever，whichever引导的主语从句。 (1)whoever相当于anyone who，表明泛指关系，表示“任何的人都，凡是的人都”。 Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 无论是谁违反法律都将受到惩罚。 (2)whatever相当于anything that，表示“所的一切，无论”。 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 在这里所说的一切都要保密。,3由which，when，where，whether等引导的主语从句，可置于谓语动词前，也可用it作形式主语。 Whether hell come or not makes no difference. It doesnt make any difference whether hell come or not. Hasnt it been decided yet when and where well hold the sports meeting?,4whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，前面需用it作形式主语。 Whether it is true remains a question. 它是真是假，还是个问题。 It is unknown if he will attend the meeting. 他是否参加会议还不知道呢。,5主语从句中常用it作形式主语的句型： (1)Itbeadj./n.that/wh从句 It is certain that your son will do well in his exam. 你儿子在考试中取得好成绩是肯定的。 It is still a question when we shall have our sports meeting. 我们将在什么时候开运动会还是个问题。,(2)Itbe过去分词that/wh从句 Its said that.(据说)；Its written that.(据记载) Its reported that.(据报道)；Its wellknown that.(众所周知) (3)It不及物动词that/wh从句 It happened that I was not there that day. 碰巧那天我不在那里。,虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用 (1)suggest/insist/decide/demand/request/require/ask/beg/order/direct等表示建议、决定、要求、请求、命令、指导的词后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即(should)do形式。 (2)当it作形式主语或形式宾语，表语或宾语的补语是表示上述意义的词时，主语从句或宾语从句用虚拟语气，形式同上。常用结构如下： Its necessary/important/strange/natural that. Its suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required/insisted that.,热点考向二 宾语从句 1. 动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。 I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我已把写日记当成了惯例。,2. 有些动词带宾语从句时，需要在宾语从句前加it，这类动词主要有：hate，like，owe，have，appreciate，see to等。 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。 When you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral. 启动发动机时，一定要使汽车处于空挡位置。,3. 介词后的宾语从句。 She is always thinking of how she can do more for others. 她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。,4. 宾语从句的否定转移。 当主语为第一人称时，think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。 I dont believe he will come.我认为他不会来。,5. whether与if引导宾语从句。 (1)whether/if都可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可以互换。但以下几种情况下，只能用whether： 后面直接跟or not时： We didnt know whether or not she was ready. 在介词之后： Im interested in whether youve finished the work. 用if会引起歧义时： Please let me know whether you want to go.(如换成if则既可看作条件从句又可看作宾语从句),(2)其他几种只用whether的情况：引导表语从句、同位语从句和让步状语从句时；引导主语从句置于句首时；后接动词不定式时。 Whether you like it or not，you must do it well.(让步状语) Whether hell attend the meeting is unknown.(主语从句置于句首) He doesnt know whether to stay or not.(接不定式),6. 某些表语形容词(如sure，certain，glad，surprised等)后可带宾语从句。 He was afraid that someone might find him. 他害怕有人会发现他。,热点考向三 表语从句 1. that和what引导的表语从句的区别。 that引导表语从句时，充当连词的作用，没有实际意义，不作句子成分；what引导的表语从句，既充当连接代词的作用，又作句子成分。 My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning. 我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。,The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park. 我们上次玩得很快乐是我们在游览水上公园的时候。 Why not try your luck downtown，Bob？Thats where the best jobs are. 鲍勃，为什么不去市中心碰碰运气呢？在那个地方有最好的工作。,2. 从属连词引导表语从句。 as if，as though，because，as等从属连词也可以引导表语从句。其中as if，as though引导的从句既可用一般语气也可用虚拟语气。 It looks as if we will be late. 看上去，我们似乎要迟到了。 The patient looked as if he had been ill for a long time. 看上去，病人似乎已经病了很长时间。 It may be because I didnt have a good sleep yesterday evening. 也许是因为我昨天晚上没睡好。,热点考向四 同位语从句 1. 同位语从句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt等名词的后面，是对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。 The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. 他恢复的希望还没有破灭。 注意：that引导同位语从句在句中不作成分，但一般不能省略。,2. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略；定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。,The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。 (此句含同位语从句，进一步解释“the news”的内容) The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。 (此句含定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”),that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1)that引导同位语从句时，不充当任何成分且不能省略；that引导定语从句，that在从句中作主语、宾语，that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 (2)that引导的同位语从句与其所说明的名词之间是同位关系；that引导的定语从句与先行词之间是修饰与被修饰的关系，即从属关系。,(3)that引导的同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容；that引导的定语从句说明先行词的性质特征。 (4)同位语从句所说明的名词只限于抽象的具有具体内容或信息的名词；定语从句的先行词无范围限制。,热点考向五 “疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”的区别 “疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”虽然都有“无论”的意思，但是用法有区别：“疑问词ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而“no matter疑问词”只能用来引导状语从句。 The book can be of great help to whoever wants to do the job. 那本书对于想要做这份工作的人很有帮助。 Whatever/No matter what you say，I will not believe you. 无论你说什么，我都不相信。,用适当的连词填空 1. Police have found _appears to be the lost ancient statue. 答案：what 解析：句意：警方发现了看起来像那件丢失的古代雕像的东西。本题考查宾语从句。“_appears.”为宾语从句，该从句缺少主语且表示“物”，故用what引导。,2. _makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 答案：What 解析：句意：让这本书不同寻常的是作者创造性的想象力。本题考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知空格处引导主语从句，从句部分缺少主语成分，且指的是“事或物”，又没有在限定范围内选择的意义。,3. Experts believe_ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. 答案：that 解析：句意：专家认为人们可以通过只有需要(食物)时才购物这一方法来减少食物的浪费。本题考查宾语从句。空格处引导的宾语从句的结构和意思都很完整。,4. _I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. 答案：What 解析：句意：我想告诉你的是我对父母的深深的爱和尊重。本题考查主语从句。“_I want to tell you”为主语从句，该从句中缺少宾语。,5. Its good to know_the dogs will be well cared for while were away. 答案：that 解析：句意：得知在我们离开期间这些狗会得到很好的照顾，这太好了。本题考查名词性从句。“the dogs will be well cared for while were away”为宾语从句，该从句结构完整，不缺任何成分。,6. It remains to be seen _the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. 答案：whether 解析：句意：新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。考查名词性从句。题干中it是形式主语，空格处引导主语从句，whether符合句意。,7. _you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. 答案：What 解析：句意：你在会上所说的话描述了公司美好的未来。本题考查主语从句。“_you said at the meeting”为主语从句，该从句缺少宾语且表示“物”，故用what引导。,8. _struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son. 答案：What 解析：句意：影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深厚的爱。本题考查主语从句。在主语从句中缺主语，根据句意用what。,9. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief_ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 答案：that 解析：句意：要取得最高层次的成功，唯一的方法就是要完全相信在体育运动领域你比其他任何人都优秀。have total belief that.完全相信，为固定句式。此处belief后接了同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，用that引导。,10. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell_close you may be to victory. 答案：how 解析：句意：不要因失败而泄气，因为你永远也不会知道成功可能离你有多近。本题考查宾语从句。“_close you may be to victory”为宾语从句，设空处后close为形容词，故选how。,11We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 答案：whoever 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都会有与那个电影明星合影的机会。本句中promise sb. sth.表“答应某人某事”，whoever引导一个宾语从句，作promise的间接宾语，且whoever在宾语从句中作主语。,12Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time. 答案：whether 解析：考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，_ you have lived there for a short or a long time是主语从句，it在此是形式主语，根据空后的or可知，此处应用whether。句意：这个村子里的每个人都很友好。不管你在那里住的时间长或短都没关系。,13I made a promise to myself _ this year, my first year in high school, would be different. 答案：that 解析：考查名词性从句。此处是that引导的同位语从句，用来解释说明a promise的具体内容，同时从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以用that引导。,14The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed. 答案：that 解析：考查同位语从句。分析句子成分可知，“_ the meeting would be postponed”是同位语从句，解释说明notice的具体内容，从句不缺少成分，所以用that引导。,15The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. 答案：whether 解析：考查主语从句的引导词。句意：一个人的智力极限，通常来说，出生时就已经定型了，但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他的生活环境。根据“depend on”可知，主语从句“_ he reaches these limits”中含有不确定因素，故用whether。,16It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office. 答案：that 解析：考查主语从句。句意：他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。It occurred to sb. that.表示“某人想起”。it在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。,17Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. 答案：that 解析：考查宾语从句。句意：Jerry不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达的。that he could have expressed it differently是宾语从句，作felt的宾语。that在从句中不作成分。,18It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park. 答案：whether 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：在十字路口无论你向左转还是向右转都没关系，两条路都通向公园。句中的it是形式主语，whether引导主语从句。whether.or.意为“是还是，不管还是”。,19It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 答案：whether 解析：考查主语从句。句意：在这家商店，你是用现金还是用信用卡结账都没关系。结合句意可知应选whether。这是一个含有主语从句的复合句。it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语，whether表示“不管，是否”。,
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