三相异步电动机的制动控制线路.ppt

课题六 三相异步电动机的制动控制线路,所谓制动，就是给电动机一个与 转动方向相反的转矩使它迅速停转 （或限制其转速）。制动的方法一般 有两类：机械制动和电力制动。,一、 机械制动 当电动机的定子绕组断电后，利 用机械装置使电动机立即停转。,电磁抱闸制动器,MZD1系列交流单相制动电磁铁 TJ2系列闸瓦制动器,1线圈 2衔铁 3铁心 4弹簧 5闸轮 6杠杆 7闸瓦 8轴,电磁抱闸制动器结构示意图,电磁抱闸制动器工作原理示意图,1弹簧 2衔铁 3线圈 4铁心 5闸轮 6闸瓦 7杠杆,电源,例： MZD1-100 MZD1-200,电磁铁和制动器的型号,电磁铁和制动器的型号,例： TJ2-100 TJ2-200/100,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,KH,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,KH,M 3,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,合上电源开关QS,KH,KH,M 3,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,按下SB2 KM线圈得电,KH,KH,M 3,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,KM1自锁触头闭合,自锁，松开SB2 电磁抱闸线圈YB得电，使抱闸的闸瓦与闸轮分开 KM1主触头闭合,电动机起动运行,KH,KH,M 3,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,停: 按SB1，接触器KM失电释放 电磁抱闸线圈YB也失电，在弹簧的作用下，闸瓦与闸轮紧紧抱住,KH,KH,M 3,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KH,SB1,SB2,KM1,YB,QS,KM1,KH,M 3,KM2,KM2,KM1,电路组成分析,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,合上电源开关QS,KM2,KH,KH,M 3,FU2,YB,KM2,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,按下SB1 KM1线圈得电,KM2,KH,KH,M 3,FU2,YB,KM2,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM1自锁触头闭合,自锁，松开SB1 KM1联锁触头断开，KM1主触头闭合 电动机起动运行 电磁抱闸线圈YB不得电,KM2,KH,KH,M 3,YB,KM2,FU2,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,停： 按下SB2 KM1线圈失电释放 KM2线圈得电， KM2主触头闭合 电磁抱闸线圈YB得电，使闸瓦与闸轮紧紧抱住,KH,KH,M 3,YB,FU2,二、电力制动 电动机产生一个和电动机实际旋转方向相反的电磁转矩，使电动机迅速停转。,（一）反接制动 .反接制动原理 在停车时，把电动机反接，则其定子旋转磁场便反向旋转，在转子上产生的电磁转矩亦随之变为反向，成为制动转矩。,单向启动反接制动控制,M 3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,KH,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KH,QS,KM1,n,KS,KM2,KS,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,QS,KM1,n,KS,KM2,KS,合上电源 开关QS,M 3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,KM1,KM2,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,n,KS,KM2,KS,按下SB1 KM1线圈得电,M 3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,KS,KM2,KS,KM1自锁触头闭合,自锁，松开SB1 KM1主触头闭合,电动机起动，运行 在转速高到一定值时，KS闭合,M 3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,KM2,KS,停： 按下SB2 KM1失电释放 KM2线圈得电，KM2主触头闭合，电动机串联电阻反接，反接制动 KM2自锁触头闭合,M 3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,KS,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,KM2,KS,停： 松开SB2 继续反接制动,M 3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,KS,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,n,KM2,KS,当转速降低到一定值时，KS断开 KM2线圈失电，各触头复位,M 3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,KM1,KS,（二）能耗制动 电动机切断交流电源后，立即在定子线组的任意两相中通入直流电，利用转子感应电流受静止磁场的作用以达到制动目的。,M 3,L1L2L3,KM1,KH,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KH,KM1,KT,KM2,V,U,W,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,KM2,电路组成分析,定子绕组直流电通路,KM2,V,KM2,L3,N,V,定子绕组直流电通路,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,合上电源开关QS 按下SB1 KM1线圈得电,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,KM2,V,M 3,KH,KH,V,U,W,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,KM1自锁触头闭合 KM1主触头闭合 KM1联锁触头分断,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,KM2,V,M 3,KH,KH,V,U,W,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,KM2,V,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,按下SB2 KM1线圈失电 KM1自锁触头分断 KM1主触头分断 KM1联锁触头闭合 KM2线圈得电 KT线圈得电,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,M 3,KH,KH,V,U,W,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,KM2,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,KM2自锁触头闭合 KM2主触头分断闭合 电动机半波能耗制动 KM2联锁触头分断 KT瞬时闭合触头闭合 松开SB2,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,V,M 3,KH,KH,V,U,W,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,KM2,V,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,KT延时断开触头延时分断 KM2线圈失电 KT线圈失电 各触头复位,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,M 3,KH,KH,V,U,W,FU2,KH,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,M 3,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,KH,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,电路组成分析,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,合上电源开关QS 按下SB1 KM1线圈得电,KH,M 3,KH,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,KM1自锁触头闭合 KM1主触头闭合 KM1联锁触头分断 松开SB1,KH,M 3,KH,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,按下SB1 KM1线圈失电 KM1自锁触头分断 KM1主触头分断 KM1联锁触头闭合 KM2线圈得电 KT线圈得电,KH,M 3,KH,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,KM2自锁触头闭合 KM2主触头分断闭合 电动机半波能耗制动 KM2联锁触头分断 KT瞬时闭合触头闭合 松开SB1,KH,M 3,KH,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,KT延时断开触头延时分断 KM2线圈失电 KT线圈失电 各触头复位,KH,M 3,KH,（三）电容制动,当电动机切断交流电源后，立即在电 动机定子绕组的出线端接入电容器来迫使 电动机迅速停转的方法叫电容制动。,电容制动原理,当旋转着的电动机断开交流电源时，转子内仍 有剩磁。随着转子的惯性转动，形成一个随转子转 动的旋转磁场。该磁场切割定子绕组产生感生电动 势，并通过电容器回路形成感生电流，这个电流产 生的磁场与转子绕组中的感生电流相互作用，产生 一个与旋转方向相反的制动力矩，使电动机受制动 迅速停转。,电容制动,M 3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,KH,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM1,KM1,KM2,KH,U,V,W,QS,R,KM1,电路组成分析,KT,KT,KM2,合上电源开关QS 按下SB KM1线圈得电,电容制动,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM1,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,R,KM1,KT,KT,KM2,M 3,KH,KH,电容制动,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM1,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,R,KM1,KT,KT,KM2,KM1自锁触头闭合 KM1主触头闭合 KM1联锁触头分断 KM1辅助触头闭合 KT线圈得电 KT瞬时闭合延时断开触头闭合 松开SB1,M 3,KH,KH,电容制动,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM1,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,R,KM1,按下SB2 KM1线圈失电 KM1联锁触头闭合 KM2线圈得电 KM2主触头闭合 KM2联锁触头分断 电容制动开始,KT,KT,KM2,M 3,KH,KH,电容制动,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM1,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,R,KM1,KT瞬时闭合延时断开触头延时分断 KM2线圈失电 各触头复位 电容制动结束,KT,KT,KM2,M 3,KH,KH,(四) 再生发电制动,当起重机在高处开始下放重物时，电动机 转速n小于同步转速n1，这时电动机处于电动 运行状态，转子相对于旋转磁场切割磁感线的 运动方向发生了改变，其转子电流和电磁转矩 的方向都与电动运行时相反 。,再生发电制动原理,