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,第七讲 虚拟语气,考点精讲 【考点1】 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，主要有以下几种情况。,If she knew English，she wouldnt ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。 If I were you，I would go to hospital. 如果我是你，我会去医院的。 If I had known her number，I would have called her. 如果我知道她的电话号码的话，我那时就给她打电话了。 If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。,注意：(1)在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，而把这几个词放到主语之前，构成倒装结构。 Were it necessary，I might resign. 如果必要的话，我可以辞职。 Should they have patience，they could do the work well. 如果他们有耐心的话，他们就能把这项工作做好。 Had he worked harder，he would have got through the exams. 他当时要是学习努力点的话，就会通过这些考试了。 Were she to move right now，she would get there on Sunday. 她要是马上动身的话，星期天就可以到那儿了。,(2)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。 If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now. 如果你刚才接受我的建议，你现在会好些。 If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now. 如果你从前努力学习，你现在会是一名大学生。,【考点2】 无“条件”虚拟语气句子 无“条件”是指没有if或I wish等引起表条件的句子，而是用其他形式表现出来，如介词、形容词、名词、代词、连词、动词、分词、从句或上下文等。常用来表示“无条件”的词有：with，without，but for，or，but，otherwise，even，in case of，what if(如果将如何/倘若)。 But for your help，we couldnt have succeeded. 要不是你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。,She wasnt feeling well；otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early. 她感到不舒服，不然她不会那么早离开会场的。 Given more time，we would do it better. 再给些时间，我们会做得更好。,【考点3】 用于宾语从句中 (1)用于wish后的宾语从句中 与现在事实相反，用were或动词的过去式；与过去事实相反，用had过去分词或would/could have done；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/should(could，might)动词原形。 I wish she were here. 她在这儿就好了。 I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一起去。,I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。 (2)用在表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：suggest，advise，propose，command，request，insist，recommend等。宾语从句中谓语动词用should动词原形，should可省略。 She insisted that the seats(should)be booked in advance. 她坚持要预订座位。 He demands that he(should)be told everything. 他要求将一切告诉他。,注意：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话人认为是事实，要用陈述语气。比如，当suggest作“暗示，表明”解释，insist不表“坚决要求”，而作“坚持认为”解，从句要用陈述语气。 He insisted that he was not involved in the case. 他坚持认为自己同那个案子没有牵连。 (3)would rather后的宾语从句中，也用虚拟语气，用一般过去时，表示现在或将来的愿望；过去完成时，表示过去的愿望。 Frankly speaking，Id rather you didnt do anything about it for the time being. 坦白地说，我宁愿你现在对于此事什么也不要做。 I would rather I had returned the book yesterday. 我真希望昨天把这本书还了。,【考点4】 用在主语从句中 It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pitythat从句，从句中谓语要用should动词原形，should可省略。 Its suggested that the old man(should)be sent to hospital immediately. 有人建议应将老人立即送进医院。 Its a pity that he(should)be so careless. 很遗憾，他竟然这么粗心。,【考点5】 用在表语从句和同位语从句中 advice，demand，order，request，suggestion，proposal，requirement，recommendation等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语要用should动词原形，should可省略。 He gave an order that the troops(should)withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。 Their desire was that a treaty(should)be signed at once. 他们的愿望是马上签订协约。,【考点6】 虚拟语气用在as if(as though)，even if(even though)从句中 He talks as if he knew all about it. 他说起来好像全知道似的。 Even if he were here，he couldnt solve the problem. 即使他在这里，也解决不了这个问题。,【考点7】 在for fear that，lest引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟“should动词原形” He reminded her twice of it lest she should forget. 他提醒了她两次，怕她忘记。 I will not make a noise for fear(that)I should/might disturb you. 我不会作声的，以免打扰你。,【考点8】 用于if only引导的感叹句中 if only“要是就好了”。 If only I were a flying bird！/How I wish I were a flying bird! 多么希望我是一只飞鸟。 If only I had taken your advice. 要是我接受你的建议就好了。,【考点9】 Its high/about time句型要求用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式，或should动词原形，should通常不省略。 Its high time that we were off. 我们该走了。 用about，quite，really或high修饰time是为了缓和或增强语气。,真题再现 1(2016北京卷，34)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you_(tell) me，I could have helped. 【解析】 句意：你上周为什么不告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我，我本可以帮你的。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的could have helped和last week可知，设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为had told。 【答案】 had told,2(2016天津卷，15)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one，I would _(injure) 【解析】 句意：我那时系着安全带呢。如果我没系安全带的话，我可能就受伤了。根据句意可知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为wouldhave done。主语I与injure为被动关系，故需用被动语态，故答案为have been injured。 【答案】 have been injured,3(2016江苏卷，27)If it_(be) for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now. 【解析】 句意：如果不是因为那天他的邀请，我现在是不会在这里的。根据句意可知，本句为错综条件句。主句和现在的事实相反，从句和过去的事实相反，故从句谓语动词为过去完成时。 【答案】 had not been/hadnt been,4(2015安徽卷，32)It is lucky we booked a room，or we _ (have) nowhere to stay now. 【解析】 句意：很幸运，我们预订了一个房间，否则我们现在就没有地方可以住了。由句意可知or前面是真实的情况，or后面的句子是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故设空处用would do形式。 【答案】 would have 5(2015陕西卷，23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I _ (dance) as well as her. 【解析】 句意：艾伦是一位非常优秀的舞者，我希望我能跳得像她一样好。wish后面的宾语从句用一般过去时表示对现在情况的虚拟。 【答案】 danced,6(2015重庆卷，7)Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway _ (write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. 【解析】 句意：如果没有战时的那些经历，海明威就不会写出他著名的小说永别了，武器。without构成的介词短语相当于与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句；根据语境可知此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，故要用would have done结构，又因为此处表示否定意义，故填wouldnt have written。 【答案】 wouldnt have written,
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