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七、定语从句,考点1 5组易混关系代词的用法辨析 1. 只用that不用which的情况 (1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。 *All that you need to do is focus on one thing.,(2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。 *Australia is the only country that is also a continent. (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。 *This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen. (4)先行词为人、物并用时。 *Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?,(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 *Which is the bike that you lost? (6)先行词在主句中作表语, 而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。 *Shandong is no longer the province that it used to be.,2. 只用which不用that的情况 (1)关系代词前有介词时。 *Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born? (2)引导非限制性定语从句时。 *Before people retire, they usually plan to do a lot of great things, which they never had time to do while working.,(3)先行词为that/those时。 *Whats that which was put in the car? (4)which用作定语时。 *He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.,3. the same. . . as与the same. . . that the same. . . as表示相似或同类的东西; the same. . . that表示同一人或物 This is the same book as he lent me last week. 这与他上星期借给我的那本书属于同一类。 This is the same book that he lent me last week. 这是他上星期借给我的那本书。,4. such/so. . . as与such/so. . . that such/so. . . as(定语从句)像那样(as在从句中作主语、宾语等); such/so. . . that(状语从句)如此以至于(that在从句中不作任何成分) This is such an easy question as I can answer. This is such an easy question that I can answer it.,5. as与which (1)as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。 (2)as意为“正如”, 后面的谓语动词多用see, know, expect, say, mention, report等; which意为“这一点”或“这件事”等。,Need for Speed is a very successful film, as is known to all. The sports meeting was put off, which astonished us.,【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空 (2014安徽高考)The exact year_Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.,解题关键: 本题先行词为year, 考生首先会想到when。但当先行词为时间、地点名词时, 用关系副词还是关系代词取决于该词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。本题定语从句中的谓语动词spent为及物动词, 故从句中缺少宾语, 关系词代替先行词作其宾语。 答案判定: which/that,【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空/改错 1. (2014全国卷)Maybe you have a habit _ is driving your family crazy. 2. (2015全国卷)The citys “psychology cafes”, _ offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. 3. (2015全国卷)Trust is a learned behavior _ we gain from past experiences.,that/which,which,that/which,4. (2013全国卷)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (改错) _,that改为which,考点2 关系代词who, whom, whose 1. who和whom的用法 (1)先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时或表示人的名词时。 *The person I want to talk about with you is Tu Youyou, the one who won the Nobel Prize for medicine in 2015.,(2)在There be结构中, 修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。 *Theres a gentleman who wants to see you. (3)一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句, 其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。 *The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.,(4)当关系代词前面有介词时, 只能用whom, whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词可放在后面, 也可提前构成介词+whom(先行词指人)结构。 *The settlement is home to nearly 1, 000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.,2. whose的用法 whose指人或物, 作定语, 表示“的”, 可转换为“of +关系代词”, 指人时可用of whom; 指物时可用of which。 *The prize will go to the writer whose story/of whom the story shows the most imagination.,【点津】关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 *Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.,【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空 (2016全国卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _lived from roughly551 to 479 B. C. , influenced the development of chopsticks.,解题关键: 该句为非限制性定语从句, 先行词是Confucius, 定语从句中缺少主语, 应用who引导定语从句。 答案判定: who,【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空 1. (2016北京高考)I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise. 2. (2015全国卷)This year, 25, 310 students _ have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year.,whose,who,3. (2015全国卷)Students _ take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. 4. (2015陕西高考)A salesman _ is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment.,who,who,考点3 关系副词when, where, why 1. when的用法 先行词为“时间名词”, 可用when引导定语从句, when在定语从句中作状语, 也可用“介词+which”结构代替。 *The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.,2. where的用法 (1)先行词是“地点名词”, 定语从句可用where引导, where在从句中作状语, 也可用“介词+which”结构代替。 *The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer.,(2)如果定语从句修饰point, situation, position, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词, 常用where引导, 意思是“到了某种地步, 在某种境况下”(前提是从句中缺少状语)。 *You reach a point where medicine cant help.,3. why的用法 先行词是表示原因的名词reason时, 可以用why引导定语从句, why在定语从句中作原因状语, 也可用for which替代。可以把此时的句子牢记为一个固定句型, 即The reason why. . . is/was that. . . , 意为“的原因是”。,*The reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.,【点津】 (1)选择关系代词或关系副词的原则: 在选择关系词时, 最重要的是分析定语从句中所缺的成分。若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语, 必须用关系代词; 若从句中不缺主语、宾语、定语或表语, 必须用关系副词。,*This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year. (关系词在从句中作宾语) *I will never forget the day when my father returned from America. (关系词在从句中作状语),(2)当way表示方法、方式作先行词, 且后面的定语从句缺方式状语时可以用that或in which引导, 也可以省略关系词。如果后面定语从句中缺少宾语, 要用that或which引导, 也可以省略关系词。 *I dont like the way that/in which/不填 he speaks to his mother.,【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空 (2016全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.,解题关键: 此处表示当时我是第一个西方记者, 根据句子结构可知, 本句是一个非限制性定语从句, 其先行词为mid-1980s, 故应该使用when表示时间。 答案判定: when,【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空 1. (2016天津高考)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _ the weather may be better. 2. (2015湖北高考)The reason _ the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area.,when,why,3. (2015广东高考)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _ people from the towns met regularly. 4. (2014全国卷)The hardwood forests _ passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood.,where,where,考点4介词+关系代词的6个考查点 1. 考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 *Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future. 2. 考查定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯 *He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.,3. 考查根据句意或者先行词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词 *I am looking for my glasses, without which I cant watch TV clearly.,4. 考查表示所属关系的of which/whom *She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which/whose construction had taken more than three years. 注意: the+n. +of which(whom)可与whose+n. 互换。,5. 考查表示整体与部分关系的of which/whom *The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by the angry crowd. 6. 考查表示同位关系的of which/whom *She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before.,【点津】选择介词的3个原则: 根据句子意思表达的需要; 根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯; 根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。,【辨析】定语从句与几种句式和从句的区别,【典例剖析】完成句子 (2016浙江高考)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _ has been proved.,解题关键: 该句为非限制性定语从句, 先行词为theories, 指物, 而关系代词放在介词of之后, 应用which引导非限制性定语从句。 答案判定: which,【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空 1. (2014全国卷)September 30 is the day by _ you must pay your bill. 2. (2013浙江高考)The children, all of _ had played the whole day long, were worn out. 3. (2013辽宁高考)He may win the competition, in _ case he is likely to get into the national team.,which,whom,which,4. (2012四川高考)In our class there are 46 students, of _ half wear glasses.,whom,
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