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Book Three,Unit Six,Man and Animals,Unit Six,Task 1: Do you know them? Task 2: Man and Animals,Enjoy Jokes about Animals,Marge was telling her friend Grace how she gets her son out of bed in the morning. “I just open his door and toss the cat on his bed. He sleeps with his dog.“,Task 1,Guessing Work Do you know them?,Who leads a shortest life among all the animals in the world?,The strongest mammal in the world?,Who runs fastest in the world?,The most clever animal in the world?,The heaviest one in the world?,The tallest one in the world?,Task 1,Click the picture to get the answer,Task 1,Listening Practice: American Black Bears,Questions: write down as much information as possible while listening to the introduction about American black bears. Then retell what you have learned from it according to the following hints.,litter (干草，树叶） formidable （强大的） herb （草） woodchucks（旱獭） hibernate（冬眠） sustain（维持） thicket（灌木丛） gestation（妊娠）,Words:,color size character food living habits,Task 1,Most black bears live alone, except during mating season. They prefer to live in caves, hollow logs, or dense thickets.,reference,color,size,character,food,living habits,In the eastern part of their range, most of them are brown, red, or even yellow coats. To the north, the black bear is actually gray or white in color. Even in the same litter, both brown and black furred bears may be born.,Black bears are the smallest of all American bears, ranging in length from five to six feet, weighing from three hundred to five hundred pounds,Like all bears, the black bear is timid, clumsy, and rarely dangerous,Black bears feed on leaves, herbs, fruit, berries, insects, fish, and even larger animals.,Task 1,American black bears appear in a variety of colors despite their name. In the eastern part of their range, most of these bears have shiny black fur, but in the west they grow brown, red, or even yellow coats. To the north, the black bear is actually gray or white in color. Even in the same litter, both brown and black furred bears may be born. Black bears are the smallest of all American bears, ranging in length from five to six feet, weighing from three hundred to five hundred pounds. Their eyes and ears are small and their eyesight and hearing are not as good as their sense of smell. Like all bears, the black bear is timid, clumsy, and rarely dangerous , but if attacked, most can climb trees and cover ground at great speeds. When angry or frightened, it is a formidable enemy.,Task 1,Script,Black bears feed on leaves, herbs, fruit, berries, insects, fish, and even larger animals. One of the most interesting characteristics of bears, including the black bear, is their winter sleep. Unlike squirrels, woodchucks, and many other woodland animals, bears do not actually hibernate. Although the bear does not eat during the winter months, sustaining itself from body fat, its temperature remains almost normal, and it breathes regularly four or five times per minute. Most black bears live alone, except during mating season. They prefer to live in caves, hollow logs, or dense thickets. A little of one to four cubs is born in January or February after a gestation period of six to nine months, and they remain with their mother until they are fully grown or about one and a half years old. Black bears can live as long as thirty years in the wild , and even longer in game preserves set aside for them.,Script,In China, people compare themselves or others to the twelve animals representing the year in which a person is born according to their characteristics, like as foolish as a pig. The same thing happened in Western countries. Do you know what these animals stand for respectively?,Task 1,Click the picture to get the answer,Task 1,Enjoy a joke,There was a man whose dog died. Before he buried the dog, he took the dog to the vet to see if the dog was really dead. The vet says, “Put him on the table.” He opened a door, a cat walked around the dog once and returned inside the little box and the vet closed the door. The vet said, “Yes, your dogs dead, thatll be 200 dollars.” “200 dollars!” the man said, “Dont you think thats a little bit excessive just to tell me my dogs dead?” The vet said, “Well, its 40 dollars for my fee, 160 for the cat scan.”,Task Two: Man and Animals,Picture Describing,Look at the cartoon picture, and describe it to your classmates. The most expressive and vivid description will win.,Task 2,Debate: Should Animals Be Trained to Amuse Human Beings? A long time ago, people began to domesticate animals to do different things for them. Dogs, cats, and the like gradually enter into peoples lives. The following video clip will tell us the story between man and cats. After watching the movie, hold a debate with your classmates on whether it is right to domesticate cats and other animals to amuse human beings.,Video Clip,Task 2,Video Clip,Task 2,Click to stop and click again to continue,Proverbs,Hair by hair you will pull out the horses tail. 一根一根拔，拔光马尾巴。（水滴石穿）,A running horse needs no spur. 奔马无需鞭策。,The tortoise wins the race while the hare is sleeping. 兔子睡懒觉，乌龟跑赢了。,If water is noisy, there are no fish in it. 咆哮的水中无鱼。（夸夸其谈者无真才实学。）,Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分。,Task 2,In-Class Reading Aggression in Humans and Animals,Work in groups to answer the following questions.,Animals are aggressive when they are frightened, when they want to protect their young, when they are attacked or hurt, and when they are put in a corner or a small space.,When are animals aggressive?,Sample,People may behave aggressively toward each other.,What will man do if they live in crowded cities?,Sample,The encouragement of competition in all possible fields would diminish the likelihood of peoples aggressive behavior. When people take parts in international competitions in sports or for the best designed house, or the safest car, they can channel their aggression into non-violent competition and constructive activity.,What is the possible solution for mans hostility and aggression?,Sample,Introduction (Para. 1),Man must be the most aggressive and cruel of all living creatures.,The comparison of aggression in animals and human beings (Para. 2-4),An animal may show abnormal aggressiveness in abnormal conditions. (Para. 2),B. Human aggression. (Para. 3),C. The reasons for human aggression. (Para. 4),Solutions to the problem (Para. 5),Only if hostility and aggression can be expressed in constructive activity and non- violent competition, will the human race be able to survive.,(1) Nevertheless, should a fight follow, neither creature will be badly hurt, for the loser will save himself by making a gesture of submission. (Line 5),(2) If it had not had this disability it would have undoubtedly stayed in the jungle and hunted for food in the customary way. (Line 12) If the human population had not increased so rapidly, people would have had more space and freedom. (Line 23),(3) If the caged lion, for example, were free to wander on the grassy plains of Africa, it would be continually active, ranging over long distances, hunting in family groups. (Line 15),此三类句子体现了虚拟语气的三种时态变化。,第1句中 “should a fight follow”是表示将来情况的虚拟语气，意思为 “if a fight should follow”，句中省略了 “if”，将 “should” 提前，构成倒装，表示“万一，一旦”的意思。值得注意的是本句中的主句部分未使用虚拟语气。,(2) 第二部分这两句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。这类句子，从句用“had + 动词过去分词”, 主句用“would/should/could/might + have + 动词过去分词”。,(3) 第3句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用 “did/were”，主句用 “would/should/could/ might + 动词原型”。,Everything _ (be destroyed) if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade.,Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the subjective mood.,Exercise,If we had been more careful, we _ (get) much better results now.,“If I hadnt practiced when I was younger,” the musician says, “I _ (not be) able to play so well now.”,would have been destroyed,would have got,wouldnt be,_ (he leave) today, he would get there by Friday.,Were he to leave,If man were not aggressive by nature, he _ (be) happier but less creative.,would be,Normally one animal will only kill another for food, and rarely does an animal kill a member of its own species. (Line 6),Only if hostility and aggression can be expressed in constructive activity and non-violent competition, will the human race be able to survive. (Line 61),1. 句首是否定词或词组，如rarely, never, little, few, seldom, no longer, in vain, at no time, not until, nowhere, on no account，以及not a (single) +名词构成的宾语位于句首, 或者句首是no soonerthan, scarcely (hardly)when, not onlybut also等连词词组。,以上两句都是部分倒装（助动词提前，实义动词仍在主语之后）的句子。这两种倒装现象总结如下：,双重间谍一言不发。,Beijing has reiterated that under no circumstances will China use nuclear weapons first.,Not a single word did the double spy utter.,中国政府一再重申，在任何情况下, 中国将不首先使用核武器。,Example,她刚出门，就有个学生来访。,No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.,Only under special circumstances are students permitted to graduate in advance.,只有校方有决定权。,只有在特殊情况下, 学生才被准许提前毕业。,Only school authority has the final say.,Example,2. 句首是Only + 状语(从句、副词、介词短语) 注: Only + 主语不倒装,A tiger that once came out of the jungle into a village and attacked a man was later found to have an injured paw that had evidently prevented it from hunting its usual prey. (Line 10),此句中两个 that 从句都是定语从句。本文作者多用主从复合句来表达事物内部错综复杂的逻辑关系，体现了文章逻辑思维缜密的特点。,译 文,请将上面的主从复合句译成译语。 （提示：英译汉时句子顺序不一定对应，另外 汉语多用流水句、小句。）,Exercise,有一只老虎从丛林跑到村庄来，袭击了人。人们后来发现原来它的爪子受了伤，使它显然不能像平时那样去猎食。,A tiger that once came out of the jungle into a village and attacked a man was later found to have an injured paw that had evidently prevented it from hunting its usual prey. (Line 10),It is not surprising if sth. happens 如果发生了什么事，人们不会感到吃惊。,译 文,It is not surprising if in these conditions people behave aggressively towards each other. (Line 31),Example,他过去说谎太多。如果人们现在不信任他也是毫不为奇的。,He has told so many lies in the past; its not surprising if people dont trust him now.,在日本，如果妇女生了小孩后永远地辞去工作，这一点也不奇怪。,It is not surprising in Japan if a woman quits her job permanently after having a child.,在这种条件下，人们之间变得寻衅好斗也就不足为奇了。,It is not surprising if in these conditions people behave aggressively towards each other. (Line 31),aggression (n.) (Title) 侵略；敌对的情绪或行为；攻击 行动,构词法： adj. aggressive (Line 1, Para. 1) 好争吵的；有进取心的；有冲劲的,adv. aggressively 好斗地；挑衅性地；好争吵地,n. aggressiveness 敌对情绪,n. aggressor (正式；贬义) 侵略者,男孩子总是通过打架来表现他们 的敌对情绪。,他现在好像不那么咄咄逼人了。,He appeared to be now in a less aggressive mood.,Boys usually express their aggression by hitting each other.,Translation,一个积极进取的年轻人在这所大学里是会大有作为 的。,An aggressive young man can go far in this university.,请了解以下常见表达。,an aggression upon ones right,侵害某人的权利,commit aggression against,对进行侵略,air aggression,侵犯领空; 空中侵袭,commercial / cultural / economic aggression,商业/文化/经济侵略,an aggression on sb.s personal liberty,对某人人身自由的侵犯,territorial (adj.) (Line 3, Para. 1) 1) 守卫自身活动地域的；领域性的 2) 领土的；属地的,请了解以下常见表达。,领土主权,territorial right,领土争端,territorial disputes,领土扩张,territorial expansion,领土完整,territorial integrity,地盘性动物,territorial animals,territory (n.) (Line 3, Para. 1) 1) C; U land ruled by one government 领土；版图 2) area regarded by a person, animal as belonging to it alone 地盘；领地 3) area of knowledge or activity (知识或活动的)范围，领域,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,他的研究兴趣甚广。 His scientific interests _.,他们解放了被占领土。 They liberated _.,the occupied territories,cover a wide territory,intrude (v.) (Line 3, Para. 1) ( + into, on, upon) bring or come in when not wanted 闯入；侵入；打扰,Exercise,如果他们很忙，我就不打扰他们了。 I dont want to _ them if they are busy.,intrude on,请完成下面的句子。,这一儿时回忆不时地闯入她的脑海。 The memory of her childhood _ _ her mind.,kept intruding itself,into,他总是把自己的意见强加于人。 He is always _ his opinion _ others.,intruding,upon,intrusion (n.) 闯入；侵入；打扰,intruder (n.) 侵入者；闯入者,词汇扩充,intrusive (adj.) 闯入的；侵入的；打扰的,近义词辨析,interfere 指干扰、妨碍别人的行动或某事的进行。常 用作贬义词。,intrude 多指未经允许而闯入或对他人事务进行干 涉。,interrupt 多用于指突然介入而使正在进行的事情中 断，也可表示阻断、妨碍。,请选择 intrude, interfere 或 interrupt 的适当形式完成句子。,Exercise,一架不明国籍的军用飞机侵入我国 领空。 An unidentified military plane _ the airspace of our country.,敲门声打断了他的思考。 A knock at the door _ his concentration.,青年人不希望父母过多地干涉自己的事情。 Yong people dont want their parents to _ too much with their personal business.,interfere,intruded into,interrupted,submission (Line 6, Para. 1) submit (v.) 1) ( + to) yield oneself; agree to obey 服从；顺从 2) ( + to) offer for consideration 呈送；提交；,submission (n.) 1) 服从；顺从 2) 呈送；提交；提出,submissive (adj.) 恭顺的；归顺的,submissively (adv.) 恭顺地；归顺地,T: Hi, boys and girls, how are you going to celebrate the New Years Day? S: Oh, Mr. Smith, were thinking about a masquerade (化妆舞会) party. T: That sounds great. But I am afraid you have to _ (提交计划) to your administrator.,请根据以下模拟语境填空。,Exercise,学生/教师/教师要求提交新年晚会计划,submit the plan,请根据以下模拟语境填空。,Exercise,Son: Mum, I will not _ (服从) because of the following points. First, . Mum: OK. You dont have to _ (服从) to me. But can we discuss？,儿子/母亲/服从父母管教,submit myself to you,show submission,constructive (adj.) (Line 36, Para. 4) having a good effect or likely to produce good results 建设性的，有益的,建设性意见/会议,大火/森林/破坏性的影响,The fire caused destructive effects to the forest.,John made a number of very constructive suggestions at the meeting.,反义词 destructive (adj.) (Line 37, Para. 4) causing destruction 破坏的，毁坏的,请用以下提示词造句。,Exercise,assert (v.) (Line 38, Para. 4) 1) (assert oneself) say clearly what you think 坚持自己的想法、 权利、意见 2) state or declare forcefully 断 言，宣称，声明,assertion (n.) ( + that ) a forceful statement or claim 断言；强硬声明,assertive (adj.) forceful; expressing strong opinions or claims 断言的； 武断的,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,Dont be so shy. You need to learn to _. (坚持自己的主张),The Consumer Association tried its best to _. (维护消费者的权利),assert the consumers rights,assert yourself,He _ that he was not guilty. (一再声明他的无辜),repeated his assertions,You couldnt fail to notice that _. (那个说话武断的青年人),assertive young man,在旧式政治制度下，权力集中在一个人手里。,The project centralizes the technical elites of the country.,这一工程集中了全国的技术精英。,Under the old political system power was centralized in the hands of one person.,Translation,centralized (adj.) (Line 42, Para. 4) 集中的,centralize (v.) gather under central control 集中,centralization (n.) 集中,A: I really cant understand why you chose this course. Is it _? B: The course is beneficial because you may _ lots of modern concepts from it. A: Though beneficial, the course is hard to _. B: Why dont you try once? Maybe youll find its not that difficult.,absorb (v.) (Line 45, Para. 4) 1) take or suck in 吸收 2) ( + in / by) take up all the attention of 吸引注意力,请根据以下模拟语境填空。,Exercise,课程/吸收,absorbing,absorb,absorb,请根据以下模拟语境填空。,Exercise,A: The title of the lecture _ peoples attention. B: Not the topic itself. This problem concerned _ even experts attention.,引起关注,absorbed,absorbs,channel (v.) (Line 47, Para. 4) 1) ( + into) direct 引导；导向 2) form a channel in 在上 形成槽或沟,他们把水引到地里。,知识将人类引向文明。,Knowledge channels human beings into civilization.,They channelled the water into / towards the field.,Translation,我们应该给这条街开辟水道, 以便水能畅通地流走。,We ought to channel this street so that water can flow away easily.,channel (n.) 河床；航道；沟渠；海峡；频道； （喻）途径，方法， 手段,人们希望通过外交/正当途径 解决这一问题。,People hope to solve the problem through diplomatic / proper channels.,Translation,find expression in (Line 49, Para. 4) 在中找到表达方式/以方式表达,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,他的情感最终由眼泪表现了出来。 His feelings at last _ _.,他们的个人主义在他的作品/举止中表现了出来。 Their individualism _ _.,found expression in his works,found,expression in tears,/ behavior,Man must be the most aggressive and cruel of all living creatures.,In the zoo it is probably better fed and cared for.,to perform some hostile gestures,人类肯定是所有动物中最好斗和最残忍的。,在动物园里，也许它吃得更好，能得到精心的照料。,做一些表示敌意的姿态,But it is evidently bored and frustrated for lack of company.,但是，由于离群索居，它显然会感到倦怠，情绪沮丧。,to assert oneself,a self-employed craftsman,坚持自己的权利和主张,个体手工业者,He is the master of his own trade.,他是他本行业的能工巧匠。,to channel the aggression into creative work,将争强好斗的特性发挥在创造性的工作上,名词性从句翻译（1） 主语从句的翻译 宾语从句的翻译,名词性从句翻译（1） 英语中的名词性从句主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。在翻译此类从句时，可以采用直译法、倒译法，或者采用分译法。,（一）主语从句的翻译 在主语从句的翻译中，主要包括以下两种翻译考查点：,以“what”、“whatever”、“whoever”等代词引导的主语从句；,代词“it”引导的主语从句的翻译。,1. 以“what”、“whatever”、“whoever”等代词引导的主语从句的翻译方法 常见句型结构： What/Whatever/Whoever+从句谓语（+从句其他成分）+主句谓语（+主句其他成分），可以分别翻译成“所的(东西)”、“所的一切”、“一切的人”，有时也可将“所”省略。,What is hard is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.,That we need more equipment is quite obvious.,（所）难的是一辈子做好事，不做坏事。（直译法）,Whatever measures we take must be in unity with the general policies of the central government.,我们（所）采取的任何措施都应该与中央政府的总政策相一致。（直译法）,我们需要更多的设备，这点显而易见。（分译法）,It is not known how rare this resemblance is，or whether it is similar to that of diamond.,（现在）尚不清楚这种相似性究竟多么罕见，也不知道它是否与金刚石类似。（直译法、增词法）,2代词“it”引导的主语从句的翻译 常见句型结构： （1）It+谓语动词：It is known / rumored / warned / reported to say that ，可将“it”省略，通过直译法或增词法进行翻译。,It is very likely that their team will get ahead of us.,很可能他们小组会赶到我们前头去。 （省略法）,（2）It+形容词：It is likely / wrong / natural / strange that ，可省略“it”，将likely等词用作状语。,It is a point of honor that the customer keeps the shopkeeper guessing at what it is she likes and wants until the last moment.,顾客一直让店主猜测她到底喜欢什么、想买什么，直到最后一刻，这事很值得骄傲。（倒译法）,（3）It+其他(doesnt matter/doesnt make too much difference/is of little value/seems a truth/occurs to me/is a matter of fact that )，翻译这类主语从句时，可按照主语在前的顺序进行翻译，亦可变换顺序，置主语从句于主句之后，将“it”翻译为“这”。,（二）宾语从句的翻译 在宾语从句的翻译中，主要包括以下两种翻译考查点：,以“that”、“what”、“how”等引导的宾语从句；,用“it”作形式宾语。,These scientists decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate”.,这些科学家想要证实是否如许多吸烟者所说吸烟有助于他们思考并集中注意力。（直译法）,1以“that”、“what”、“how”等引导的宾语从句,2代词“it”引导的宾语从句的翻译 在中文译文中，形式宾语“it”常因中文表达习惯而省略。,I took his word for it that he would try his best to help us.,他说他要想尽一切办法帮助我们，我相信他说的是真心话。（省略法）,I heard it said that this big star has great concerns about his fans.,我听说这位巨星很关心他的追星族。（省略法）,写作实践: Should Animals Be Trained to Help Humans? 相关链接,1) 我们通常训练动物帮我们干活； 2) 不应该让动物帮助人类工作； 3) 动物应该拥有与人类同样的平等生存权利。,Directions: Write a composition on the topic： Should Animals Be Trained to Help Humans? Your composition should be no less than 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:,Should Animals Be Trained to Help Humans？,For thousands of years many animals have been trained to do all sorts of jobs for human beings all over the world. Horses and cows help farmers with their farming. Elephants and camels are often seen carrying heavy load for their human masters. Monkeys are trained as servants, dogs as hunters and sniffers, and dolphins as soldiers.,We should not train animals to work for humans, for we have no right to take advantage of them. When we force them to serve us, they have no freedom and are like slaves. Whats more, a lot of animals lose their lives when they work for humans. But, it seems that human beings dont care about their lives at all. We show no mercy to animals when they have done so much for us. We are cold-blooded creatures and we should criticize ourselves.,As we know, both humans and animals are creatures of nature and we are equals. Life belongs to us only once and therefore it is priceless, and it is also true with animals. If we have the right to choose our fate, so do animals. Beasts should be allowed to run freely over great distances and birds fly freely in the blue sky. When they are in nature, they are active and able to live a normal life. In summary, we should treat animals in the same way we treat other people, and furthermore, we should give animals their freedom.,I. GRE作文题目 “At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money
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