2019-2020年高考英语总复习知识点精讲精析与高考试题预测 Unit 9 Saving the earth 人教版大纲第二册.doc

2019-2020年高考英语总复习知识点精讲精析与高考试题预测 Unit 9 Saving the earth 人教版大纲第二册I单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇：1summary 2represent 3violent 4equar 5responsible 6w1ling 7defence 8effect 9Advice高考须掌握的短语：1Nations 2with 3part 4take 5air 6in 7to 8out 9to考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分一、重点词汇1content n内容，目录，容量adj满足的满意的讲使满足eg： I always read the contents of a book first of a11我看书总是先从目录看起。 I didnt understand the content of her speech我不了解她演讲的内容。N0 one is content with what he has入的欲望无止境。 Simple praise is enough to content him一点点表扬就使他很满足。相关链接：eontented adj满足的，满意的 be content to do一be willing to do乐意干某事 be content with sth对感到满意a contented expression满足的表情 content sb/oneself with使某人(自己)对满足特别提醒：content作形容词用，通常用作表语，后接with短语或动词不定式。作定语用时应用contented形式。content前修饰词用well而不用very。案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三考题1 (典型例题The old man sal in the corner, alone AweIl content to have a drink BweIl content from having a drinkC. quite conte.nted having a drink D. to be quite contented with drink考题1点拨；答案为A。此题考查be well content to do sth。乐于干，满意干”句意为：“这位老人坐在拐角处悠闲自得地独自小饮。” 2access n接近，进入，接近(或进入)的方法eg： Every student has fFee access to the library每位学生都可以自由利用该图书馆。 lt is d|fficult to gain access to him要接近他很难。相关链接：accessible adj可接近的用法拓展：access to通向的路 have access to享有的权利 gain access to sb接近某人特别提醒，access表示“进人口”时要与介词to连用。考题2-1 (典型例题 分 ) There is no access the house from the main road. A. of B. to C. for D. in考题2-2 Over a third of the population was believed to have no to the health care. A. access B. aid C. basis D. belief考题2-1点拨。答案为B。此题考查access to“进入”。句意为；“从主路上没有通向这个房子的路；”考题2-2点拨。答案为A。此题考查have access to“享有权利”，固定搭配。句意为：。超过三分之一的人口还没有享受到医疗保健。” 3stress vt着重，强调 n压力，紧张，强调eg： The speaker stressed the need for better education 演讲人强调获取更好教育的必要性。 He is under great stress because of his new job他因为新工作感到沉重的压力。 Some schools 1ay/put stress on foreign language education有些学校重视外语教育。用法拓展：stress+n强调，重视 stress that重视 under the stress of在压力下 lay/put stress on重视特别提醒：stress作名词当“压力”讲时，相当手pressure，为不可数名词。考题3 (典型例题)In recent years much more stress has been put de veloping the students productive skills. A. over B. on C. with D. into考题3点拨；答案为B。此题考查put stress on“强调”为固定搭配。句意为：。近几年，发展学生的创造性能力更加受到重视。”4advise vt建议，劝告eg： The doctor advised taking a weeks rest医生建议休息一周。 He advised me to keep my money in the bank他劝我把钱存人银行。 His mother advised that he(should)accept the offer他妈妈劝他接受帮助。相关链接：advice n建议advisable adj合理的，适当的用法拓展：advise+n/doing sth建议某事/干某事 advise that建议 advise sbto do sth劝告某人干某事 advise sbnot to do sth一advise sbagainst doing sth 建议某人不要干某事。特别提醒：advice是不可数名词。advise后接从句时，从句用虚拟语气即should+动词原形，可省略should。考题4-1(典型例题 分 ) As I was getting better day by day, my friend me to get up and have a short walk every day. A. suggested B. hoped C. considered D. advised考题4-2 ( 典型例题 分 ) The doctor advised his pa-tient A. that he not work too hard for three months B. take it easy for three months C. taking it easy inside of three months D. to take some vacations for three months考题4-1点拨；答案为D。解此题关键要弄明白，该动词后接复合宾语，A、B两项不能接复合宾语，c项意思不合题意。故选D。句 意为：“当我一天天好转时，我朋友劝我每天起来出去散一会儿步。”考题42点拨：答案为A。此题考查advise that从句，用虚拟语气。二、重点短语5put an end to一结束，制止eg： We should put an end to the war 我们应该结束这次战争。 We must put an end to this fooIish behaviour我们必须制止这种愚蠢的行为。用法拓展bringto an end使结束e to an end完毕，结束 draw to an end接近尾声on end连续地，继续地end up with以告终 make(both)ends meet使收支相抵特别提醒：bringto an end为及物动词短语，而e to an end为不及物动词短语。考题5 ( 典型例题 分 ) The government declared that it would an end to some unfair policies the next month. A. make B. bring C. take D. put考题5点拨：答案为D。put an end to“结束，终结”为固定搭配。句意为：“政府宣布下一个月将要终止一些不舍理的政策。”6wipe out擦洗内部，去除，消灭eg： Could you wipe the basin out?把洗脸盆里面擦干净好吗? He tried to wipe out the memory of his former girlfiend他试图抹去对前任女友的回忆。用法拓展：wipe the tabIe擦桌子wipeones tears擦眼泪 wipe away擦去wipe off擦去，(把债等)偿还，消灭掉 wipe up擦干净，消灭，歼灭 特别提醒；wipe既可以作及物动词又可作不及物动词用。考题6 (典型例题分) Doctors are se.arching for a cure that will cancer. A. wipe out B. clean out C. work out D. leave out考题6点拨：答案为A。题意为：医生正寻找一种消灭癌症的治疗方法。wipe OUt。消灭”符合题意，而work out“算出来”，Ieave out “漏掉一均不合题意。三、重点交际用语7Im afor我完全拥护 eg： lm all forthe young enjoying themselves我完全赞同年轻人多玩玩。 She is all for buymg a new car她无论如何也要买一部新车。用法拓展be for赞成，拥护 be against反对 vote for投票选举特别提醒：在此句型中aIl用作副词，意为“完全；全然；都”，其后常接形容词、副词、介词短语等，用来加强语气。 eg： Im a11 in favor of your suggestion我完全赞成你的建议。 He was all wrong他完全错了。考题7 (典型例题 分) Express your opinion to them. Ill stick up you. A. for B. against C. on D. at考题7点拨；答案为A。介词fof此处意为“赞成，支持”。句意为：。向他们说出你的意见。我一定支持你。”四、重点句型8not until+助动词+主语eg： Not until he got home did he find his wallet lost 直到他回到家里。才发现钱包丢了。特别提醒：(1)not until引导的状语从句放在句首，主句中的谓语动词须用部分倒装。 (2)含有rtotuntil的句子，将until引导从句放在句首时必 须和not一起放在句首。(3)强调句型：It is/was not untilthateg： It was not until after his death that he was recognized as a writer of genius直到死后，他才被承认为是一名天才作家。考题8-1 (典型例题 分 ) Not until all the fish died in the river how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realizeD. didnt the villagers realize考题8-2 (典型例题)It was not she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a fa- mous film star. A. when; that B. until, that C. until; when D. when;then考题8-1点拨：答案为A。此题考查not until引导的状语放在句首时，主句中的谓语部分须用倒装，B、c两项没倒装。故排除掉。D项中虽为倒装，但搭配错误，因为not已经提前。句意为：“直到河里的鱼死光了，村民们才意识到污染的严重性。”考题8-2点拨：答案为B。此题考查目标一是notuntil句型的使用。二是lt was,that强调句型的使用。此题将not until引导的状语放到了强调句型中。句意为：“正是在她摘下墨镜之后我才意识到她是位著名的电影明星。”五、词语辨析 9affect，effect，effort (1)affect通常用作及物动词，意为“影响；使感动；使感染”。 eg： The change in climate may affect your health 气候的变化可能会影响你的健康。 The song affected her deeply 这首歌深深感动了她。 Cancer had affected his lungs癌已侵及他的肺脏。 、 (2)effect通常用作名词，“结果；效果；影响”。习惯搭配为have an ill effect on sb对有不良影响， have a good/bad effect on对有好(坏)的影响，have no effect Ono对没有效果，take effect开始生效，开始实行。eg：What he said might have a bad effect on the boy他的话可能对那个小男孩有负面影响。 (3)effort通常用作名词，意为“努力，艰难尝试”。 习惯搭配：make an effort/make many efforts作出努力 make every effort尽一切努力 spare no effort不遗余力 without effort毫不费力地特别提醒：affect是动词，effect/effort是名词。考题9-1 (典型例题分 ) Dont scold your children too often; scolding might have bad effect them.A./;on B./; to C. a; on D. a; to考题9-2 Pollution more people living in todays society than it did in previous years. A. brings B. efforts C. effects D. affects考题9-3 (典型例题 分) In many countries around the world, great have been made to reduce the le- vels of air. pollution. A. changes B. efforts C. differences D. effects考题91点拨：答案为c。此题考查have a bad effect on“对有坏的影响”。句意为：“不要经常责备小孩子；责备可能会对小孩有坏的影响。” 考题92点拨：答案为D。根据句子应选一个动词，先排除B、C项，A项显然不符合题意，故选D。句意为：“在现在的社会中污染比过去影响了更多人的生活。” 考题9-3点拨：答案为B。此题考查make efforts to do sth“努力干”。句意为：“在世界许多国家，人们努力降低空气污染程度。” 语法归纳 精通规则 游刃有余倒装本单元的语法重点是倒装，现将其归纳如下：倒装有两种情况：部分倒装(主语和助动词倒置)和全部倒装(主语和谓语完全倒置)。之所以使用倒装，一是为了句子的需要；二是为了语法结构的需要。其实在前几单元，我们已经接触过倒装现象了，在这儿我们把倒装的各种情况总结一下：1为了句子意义的需要。也就是为了强调句子的某一内容，并使上下文衔接紧密；或为了保持句子平衡。常见的有下列情况： (1)句子谓语是go，e，run等表示位置的动词和be动词句子又有表示方位的副词(如therehere，up，down，outin，away等)，为了强调该副词，可将其放于句首，而将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。 eg： Here es the train to Beijing去北京的火车来了。 There goes the bell铃响了。Down came the rain下雨了。但主语是人称代词时，主语仍置于动词之前。 eg： Away he goes他走了。Here it es它来了。 (2)为了强调句中的状语或表语，为了保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密，可将状语或表语置于句首，句子主语和谓语完全倒装. eg： At the front of the hall sat the headmaster校长坐在大厅的前部。 In this paragraph can be found an answer在这段里能找到答案。 (3)为了强调only及其所修饰的状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句)，则将它们移到句首，句中的主谓作部分倒装。 eg：Only then did we realize that the man was blind直到那时我们才发现那个人是盲人。 (4)将含有否定意义的副词(neverseldom，not，littlehardly等)置于句首以示强调时，句中的主谓作部分倒装。 eg：Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person一生中我很少见到意志如此坚定的人。 (5)为了强调“not a+名词”或“not a single+名词”结构，将其置于句首时。句中的主谓作部分倒装。 eg：Not a word did he say at the last meeting在上次会议上他一句话都没说。 (6)hardlywhen，no sooner一thannot onlybut also引导两个分句时，将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装，后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。 eg：Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。 No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain我刚刚离开家就下雨了。但neither/notnor引导两个分句时，这两个分句中的主谓均要倒装。eg：Neither do I know her address，nor does he我不知道她的地址他也不知道。Not could the patient eat，nor could he drink那个病人既不能吃，也不能喝。 (7)在“so+形容词+that分句”结构中，如将“so+形容词”置于句首以示强调时，其后的系动词be则要移到主语前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。 eg：So moved was she that she could not say a word 她激动得一句话也说不出来。 在“so+副词+that分句”结构中，如将“so+副词”置于句首以示强调时，其后的主谓作部分倒装。 eg： So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him他的声音那么大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。 So fast does Iight travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed 光速如此之快，我们很难想像。2由于语法结构的需要使用倒装。常见于下列句型： (1)“So+助动词+主语”是一种常用于对前面所说的情况作简短回答的句型。eg：1 was late and so was she我迟到了，她也迟到了。 They love having lots of friends，so do those with disabilities 他们喜欢广交朋友，残疾人也一样。 (2)“Neither/Nor+助动词+主语”是用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样看法的句型。 eg：she wont goNeither/Nor w1l I她不走，我也不走。 I cannot SWimNeither can he(SWim)我不会游泳，他也不会。 (3)当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had，were或shOUld时，如将if省略，则要将had，were或should移到主语前，作部分倒装。 eg： Had you e yesterday，you WOUld have seen him若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。 (4)表示存在的句型“There be+主语”也属于倒装句之列。 eg：There are three chairs，a desk and a puter in the room 屋里有三把椅子，一张桌子和一台电脑。考题1(典型例题) Little about his own safety, though, he was in great danger himself. A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared考题2 (典型例题分)ln each classroom of our school A. 50 students are B. are 50 students C. there 50 students D. have 50 students考题3 (典型例题)So well that he got a full mark. A. he had done his homework B. did he do his homework C. he did do his homework D. his homework was done考题4 (典型例题) , I would have given you his address. A. If you asked me B. You had asked me C. Should you have asked me D. Had you asked me考题5 (典型例题) snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for en- tertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring考题1点拨；答案为B。此题关键为little放在句首，句子要运用倒装。根据though后从句用一般过去式，故选B。句意为：“尽管他自己处在巨大的危险之中，但他很少考虑自己的安危。”考题2点拨：答案为B。介词短语in each classroom of our school放在句首，句中主语与谓语完全倒装，故选B。句意为：“我们学校每一间教室都有50名学生。”考题3点拨：答案为B。so+副词+that结构中，将“so+副词”放在句首，其后的主谓作部分倒装。句意为：“他作业完成得如此好，结果得了满分。”考题4点拨：答案为D。根据1 woiild have given you his address得知。是与过去事情完全相反的假设，且省略if，故将从句中had提前。句意为：“如果你问我的话，我就会把他的地址给你的。”考题5点拨：答案为B。此题考查Not only放在句首，句子运用倒装。句意为：“当他们在森林里野餐时，他们不仅带来快餐和饮料，他们还带来了扑克似供娱乐。” IV专题探究由 点及面 由表及里专题探究：专题详解： 主要考查的知识点：形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级，词义比较等。重点复习：形容词和副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰的内容有所不同而有各不同的用法，高考非常注重对此进行考查，在单选和短文改错题中出现过大量此类试题。(形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名词；修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句子用副词)两个事物进行比较应用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。形容词和副词在特定的语境中语义的比较。比较级的程度修饰语(much，very mucha lot，a great deal，far，by far，even，stiIl，a bit，a little。rather，any，数词倍数，分数，百分数等)。易混副词的辨析。如：specially，especiaIly，particularly等。考题 -What do you think of the filmwe saw last night? I feel that the film is well worth seeing once again. A. strong B. strongly C. hardly D. hard考题点拨：答案为B。that引导一个宾语从句，由此可以判断feel在此不是一个连系动词。而是一个实叉动词。I feel strongly that “我坚信”。故答案为B。 V考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首 灯火阑珊回顾1 测试考点1 (典型例题分)Beginners are expec-ted to be familiar with the of the reading material be-fore they e to the class. A. condition B. concept C. contest D. content1D 点拨：此题考查content用作名词，“内容，目录”之意。回顾2 测试语法 ( 典型例题) Only after my friend came A. did the puter repair B. he repaired the puter C. was the puter repaired D. the puter was repaired2c点拨：only后接状语从句，主句倒装。-puter与repair之间是被动关系。回顾3 测试语法 (典型例题Never before in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.A. has this city been B. this city has,been C. was this city D. this city was3A点拨：以never开头的句子，要用倒装形式。根据句中before可确定用完成时态。回顾4 测试考点 (典型例题t was back home after the experiment. A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didnt go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt go4C 点拨：此题考查It wasthat强调句型，并且强调部分是含有notuntil的句子，that从句用陈述语序。回顾5 测试语法 (典型例题 分) On top of the books the photo album youre looking for. A. is B. are C. has D. have5A 点拨：这是一个完全倒装句，主语是the photo album，所以要用is作为正确答案。 回顾6 测试语法 (典型例题分)So little with each other that the neighbouring countries could not settle their difference. A. they agreed B. agreed they C. did they agree D. they did agree6c点拨：So1ittle后接倒装句。回顾7 测试语法 (典型例题 分)-I would never e to this restaurant again. The food is terrible. A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I7B点拨：“neither+倒装句”的意思是“也不”。1 would never e to this restaurant again是否定句，所以要用Neither would I。回顾8 测试语法 (典型例题Maybe youve been to many countries, but nowhere else such a beautiful place. A. can you find B. you could find C. you can find D. could you find8A点拨：nowhere else是否定词，以否定词开头的句子要进行倒装。根据上一个句子的谓语动词可确定用一般现在时。回顾9 测试语法 (典型例题 the making of good books there is no end; neither any end to their influence on mans lives. A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there9c点拨：neither是否定词，以否定词开头的句子要倒装。回顾10 测试语法 (典型例题 failed in the final exami- nation last term and only then the importance of studies. A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize10D点拨：only后接状语或状语从句，句子要进行倒装。句意为：“上学期，我没有通过期末考试，直到那时，我才认识到学习的重要性。”VI2011年高考题预测 高瞻远瞩 占尽先机一、考情预测 预测1：only置于句首，引导倒装句 预测根据：only放在句首，后接副词、介诃短语或状语从句，主句用部分倒装的形式。 此句型是高考考查内容，在近几年的高考题中频繁出现，在考情预测 年高考题中，这将继续是个热点。 命题角度预测：only置于句首引导的倒装句式，在高考单项选择中出现的可能性最大，考生务必清楚其用法，然后根据具体的时态和语态作出正确选择。预测2：so/neither/nor引导的倒装句预测根据：在倒装这部分的语法考查中，so/neither/nor放在句首引起的倒装句式是一个考查重点和热点。 命题角度预测：so/neither/nor放在句首引起的倒装句，在单项选择中出现的几率较大。考生应清楚：so用于肯定句，表示另一个人或物同样存在第一个人或物的情况。 eg： 一He studies very well他学得很好。 一So does she她也是。oeither/nor用于否定句中。 eg： 一The weather is not fine today今天天气不好。 一Neither was it yesterday昨天也是。预测3：not until放在句首构成的倒装句 预测根据：notuntil表示“直到才”，这是一个常用句型，而not until置于句首作时间状语时，后面的主句要用倒装句式更是一个常考热点。 命题角度预测：not until置于句首，构成主句倒装的句式在单项选择中设题的可能性大。考生要特别注意：not until后可接句子构成时间状语。也可与表时间的名词短语构成时间状语，后面主句用倒装形式。 eg： Not until he came back/tweve oclock did I go to hed(直到他回来/12点时我才去睡觉。)预测4：辨析：affect，effect，effort 预测根据：这是三个词形相近但意义和词性差别很大的单词，也是高考命题中对单词进行辨析的一个命题热点，应引起足够的重视。 命题角度预测：affect，effect，effort这三个单词在单项选择或完形填空中都可能设题。affect是动词，表示“影响；使感动；使感染”，effect和effort是名词，effect表示“影响，作用”，effort表示“努力；艰难的尝试”。考生应根据语境，作出正确的选择。预测5：话题预测 本单元的中心话题是“拯救地球”，具体涉及地球所面临的问题、造成这些问题的原因和解决问题的办法等。语言技能和语言知识都是围绕拯救地球这一中心话题设计的。拯救地球是一个广为人知的话题，也是学生所了解比较多的话题，日常生活中所接触的水污染、空气污染、垃圾污染、过度砍伐、沙漠及饥饿等主题，都可能在高考的阅读理解或书面表达中体现出来。二、考题预测备考1测试考点1 -What his happiness in all his life? - what he has got. A. has led to; Being content with B. has led to; Being contented C. led to; Content with D. led him to; To content with1A点拨：此题考查be content with“对满意”。故选A。备考2测试考点 2 The only access the village is by this muddy road. A. at B. to C. for D. with2B点拨：the access to“入口”为固定搭配。备考3测试考点4 My friend advised skating this weekend. A. go B. going C. to go D. to be go3B点拨：advise doing sth“建议干”为固定搭配。备考4测试语法 -Did yoti see the performance last night? -Yes. have I seen a better one. A. Everywhere B. Nowhere else C. Everywhere else D. Nowhere4B点拨：根据句子have 1 seen中谓语动词使用倒装，可知句首需要否定词。备考5测试语法 that the person couldnt speak. A. So frightened he was B. So frightened was he C. Frightened he was so D. He was frightened so5B点拨：以“so+形容词”开头的句子谓语动词需要倒装。备考6测试考点5 Our government has taken action to an end to unequal petitions in society. A. bring B. make C. put D. take6c点拨put an end to“结束，终止”为固定搭配。备考7测试考点 8 Not trntil he died the importance of his work. A. people realized B. realized people C. did people realize D. have people realized7c点拨：not until引导的状语放在句首，句子使用部分倒装。从died的时态可以确定主句的谓语动词用一般过去时。备考8测试考点 9 We-were deeply by the news of her death. A. affected B. effort C, effect D. affecting8A点拨：句意为：“她死亡的噩耗使我们深为震动。”