2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习语法专题非谓语动词1测含解析新人教版必修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习语法专题非谓语动词1测含解析新人教版必修班级_姓名_考号_得分_I 语言知识及应用 (共两节，满分45分)第一节 完形填空 (共20小题；每小题2分，满分30分) When I was in middle school, a poisonous spider bit my right hand. I ran to my mom for _1_ but instead of taking me to a doctor, my mom set my hand _2_.After wrapping my hand with several layers of cotton, then soaking it in wine, she put a chopstick into my mouth, and _3_ the cotton. Heat quickly went through the cotton and began to roast my hand. The sharp pain made me want to scream, but the chopstick _4_ it. All I could do was watch my hand burnone minute, then two minutes _5_ mom put out the fire.At that time, there was no doctor available my mother could bring me to see about my spider bite.For those who study biology, you may have grasped the science _6_ my moms cure: heat deactivates(使不活跃)proteins, and a spiders venom(毒液)is _7_ a form of protein. Its _8_ how that folk remedy actually includes basic biochemistry, isnt it? But I am a PhD student in biochemistry at Harvard. I now know that better, less _9_ and less risky treatments existed. So I cant help but ask myself why I didnt _10_ one at the time?Now I am happy to report that my hand is fine. But this question remains, and I continue to be troubled by the unequal _11_ of scientific knowledge throughout the world. Despite the knowledge we have accumulated, we havent been so _12_ in deploying(配制)it to where its needed most. We constantly see these problems of poverty, illness, and _13_ of resources preventing the flow of scientific information. Lifesaving knowledge we take for granted in the modern world is often _14_ in underdeveloped regions.While studying at Harvard, I saw _15_ scientific knowledge can help others in simple, yet profound ways. The bird flu pandemic in the xxs looked to my village like a spell cast by devils. When I realized that simple hygiene(卫生)practices like _16_ different animal species could contain the spread of the disease, and that I could help make this knowledge available to my village, that was my first “Aha” moment as a budding scientist.Harvard dares us to dream big, to aspire(立志)to change the world. Here on this mencement Day, we are probably thinking of _17_ destinations and big adventures that await us. As for me, I am also thinking of the farmers in my village. My experience here _18_ me how important its for researchers to municate our knowledge to those _19_. Because by using the science we already have, we can probably bring my village and thousands like it into the world you and I take _20_ every day. And thats an impact every one of us can make!语篇解读：这是一位哈弗博士生在毕业典礼上演讲内容的一部分。作者在演讲中讲述了一个自己中学时代被毒蜘蛛咬伤的“农村故事”，进而推及到自己在哈佛大学所切身体会到的先进科技知识，他认为，“作为一名科学家，积极地将我们所会的知识传递给那些急需这些知识的人是多么地重要”。1.A. medicineB. helpC. adviceD. decision【答案】B2.A. in waterB. on fireC. in troubleD. on strike【答案】B3.A. accumulatedB. toreC. litD. snatched【答案】C【解析】根据上文“她在我的手上包了好几层棉花后，棉花上喷撒了白酒，”和下文“热量逐渐渗透过棉花，开始炙烤我的右手”说明这儿是指“lit the cotton打火点燃了棉花”。4.A. preservedB. forbadeC. acceleratedD. prevented【答案】D【解析】这儿道出了上文“妈妈在我的嘴里放了筷子”的用意：灼烧的疼痛让我忍不住想喊叫，可嘴里的筷子却让我发不出声来。即：阻止了(prevented)我发出声音。5.A. beforeB. untilC. whenD. while【答案】B【解析】我只能看着我的手被火烧着，一分钟，两分钟，直到(until)妈妈熄灭了火苗。6.A. aboveB. behindC. afterD. within【答案】B7.A. accuratelyB. simplyC. constantlyD. continuously【答案】B【解析】上文说“高热可以让蛋白质变得不活跃起来”，这儿进而强调“蜘蛛的毒液也仅仅(simply)是一种蛋白质。”8.A. coolB. rightC. absurdD. puzzling【答案】A9.A. abstractB. stressfulC. painfulD. regretful【答案】C【解析】上文的“The searing pain”有提示。但是，作为哈佛大学生物化学的博士，我现在知道(在我初中)那个时候，已经有更好的、没有那么痛苦的、也没有那么有风险的治疗方法了。10.A. acceptB. receiveC. adoptD. adapt【答案】B【解析】文中“receive one可以理解成receivesuchatreatment接受这样一种治疗”。 于是我便忍不住会问自己，在当时为什么我没有能够接受到这些更为先进的治疗方法呢？11.A. distributionB. donationC. allocationD. distraction【答案】A【解析】distribution分配，分布；donation捐款，捐赠；allocation配给，分配；distraction注意力分散。本句话是对上文作者提出的问题的解释。但是，我刚刚提到的这个问题这些年来仍然存在，而我也时不时会因为先进科技知识在世界上不同地区的不平等分布(distribution)而困扰。12.A. involvedB. absorbedC. successfulD. careful【答案】C【解析】根据下文的叙述，说明：我们在怎样把这些知识运用到世界最需要的地区这件事情上，我们做得并不那么成功(successful)。13.A. separationB. plentyC. absenceD. lack【答案】D14.A. unavailableB. unwantedC. unexpectedD. unnecessary【答案】A【解析】unavailable难以获得的，不能利用的。只因为“疾病和自然匮乏导致的科学知识传播的受阻”，所以才导致“现代社会里习以为常的那些救生常识经常在这些欠发达或不发达地区未能加以利用(unavailable)。”15.A. whenB. whereC. howD. why【答案】C【解析】在哈佛学习期间，我知道了科学知识是如何(how)用简单的又深刻的方式帮助到其他人的。16.A. dividingB. separatingC. splittingD. breaking【答案】B【解析】divide通常指把整体分为若干部分，而separate通常指把原来连在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来。很显然这里是指：separating different animal species将不同物种隔离开来。xx 年的一次流感使我的家乡像被恶魔下了诅咒一般。在我意识到简单的卫生治疗方法例如将不同物种隔离开来以减缓疾病传播，并意识到我可以将这些知识传递运用到我的村庄(对禽流感进行治疗)时，我的心里第一次有了一种作为未来科学家的使命感。17.A. validB. grandC. academicD. fluent【答案】B18.A. informsB. recallsC. remindsD. refers【答案】C【解析】remind提醒，使想起，使记起。我成长的经历时刻提醒(remind)我，对于科研人员来说，将我们所会的知识传递给那些急需(in need)这些知识的人是多么的重要。19.A. in dangerB. in needC. in orderD. in shape【答案】B【解析】我成长的经历时刻提醒(remind)我，对于科研人员来说，将我们所会的知识传递给那些急需(in need)这些知识的人是多么的重要。20.A. for grantedB. for exampleC. into accountD. into practice【答案】A第二节 语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分) 21.【xx北京卷】32. Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _ （spend）with his students.22(xx湖南高考)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, _(wonder)whether to stay or leave.23(xx湖南高考)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students_(talk)over what is bothering them.24(xx北京高考)_(catch)the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.25(xx北京高考)The park was full of people, _(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.26(xx北京高考)If _(accept)for the job, youll be informed soon.27(xx浙江高考)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _(perform)live is quite another.28(xx重庆高考)_(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to being a football star.29(xx重庆高考)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way _(use) the sun and the stars.30(xx陕西高考)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on _ (thank)all the people who had helped in her career.【答案解析】24To catch句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起床了。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。25enjoying句意：公园里挤满了人，他们在阳光下玩得很开心。people和enjoy之间是主谓关系，且非谓语动词动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生，故用现在分词的一般式。26accepted句意：如果录用你做这份工作，你将会很快得到通知。句子的主语you和动词accept之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。30to thank句意：获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖后，安妮本尼迪克特接着感谢所有在她的事业中帮助过她的人。考查固定搭配。go on to do继续做另一件事；go on doing继续做同一件事。获奖和帮助是两件事。II阅读 (共两节，满分30分)第一节 阅读理解 (共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A【甘肃省会宁县第一中学xx届高三上学期第一次（9月）月考】Bicycle SafetyOperation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(校园). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack-even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. Its fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.EquipmentBrakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fit properly.Lights Always have a front headlight-visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea.Rules of the RoadRiding on Campus As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of ways to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such posts can result in a fine.If Things Go WrongIf you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for:No bicycle registration-$25Bicycle parking banned-$30Blocking path with bicycle -$40Violation of bicycle equipment requirement -$3531. Registration of your bicycle may help you _.A. find your stolen bicycleB. get your serial numberC. receive free repair servicesD. settle conflicts with walkers32. According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders?A. Brakes.B. A helmet.C. A headlight.D.A taillight.33. When you ride a bicycle on the campus, _.A. ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalksB. cycle at a speed of over 15 mphC. put the walkers right of way firstD. call the police before leaving in a case of accident【解析】试题分析：骑自行车安全守则包括：操作、防盗措施、设备、道路安全规则细化为校内骑车、停车和罚款情况分类等等。B【黑龙江省伊春市第二中学xx届高三上学期第一次月考】CModem zoos are different from those built fifty years ago.At that time zoos were places where people could go to see animals from many parts of the world.The animals lived in cages with iron bars（栅栏）.Although the zoo keepers took good care of them,many of the animals did not feel fortable,and they often fell ill.In modern zoos,people can see animals in more natural conditions.The animals are given more freedom in larger places so that they can live as they would in nature.Even the appearance of zoos has changed.Trees and grass grow in cages,and water flows through the places the animals live in.There are few bars;instead,there is often a deep ditch（沟）,filled with water,which surrounds a space where several sorts of animals live together as they would naturally.In an American zoo,the visitors can walk through a special huge cage that is filled with trees,some small animals and many birds,and large enough for the birds to live naturally.In a zoo in New York,with the use of special nights,people can observe certain animals that are active only at night,when most zoos are dosed.Some zoos have special places for visitors to watch animals that live in the desert or under water.Modern zoos not only show animals to visitors,but also keep and save rare animals.For this reason,fifty years from now,the grandchildren of todays visitors will still be able to enjoy watching these animals.34. In modern zoos_.A. different kinds of animals are kept separatelyB. animals are no longer taken good care ofC. animals have more freedomD. visitors can walk wherever they like35. In a modem zoo_feel fortable.A. the animals,not the visitors B. the visitors,not the animalsC. neither visitors nor animals D. both visitors and animals36. In some zoos people can_.A. walk through special huge cages to watch all sorts of animalsB. see animals which live in special conditionsC. during the day observe animals that are active at nightD. watch all rare animals that may not be seen in the future37. The main idea of the passage is that_.A. zoos are now places where animals can live naturallyB. zoos are places where people can see animals from all over the worldC. there should be old and modern zoos alikeD. rare animals may soon die out【答案】34. C 35. D 36. B 37. A35. D推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知在现代动物园里，人们可以在更自然的环境中看到动物，在较大程度上给予动物更多的自由，这样它们就可以像大自然一样生活。动物生活的笼子里有树、草和流水。小动物可生活在一起，还给人们提供专门的地方来近距离地观察动物。故人和动物感觉舒服些。故选D。36. B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Some zoos have special places for visitors to watch animals that live in the desert or under water.” 有些动物园有专门的地方供游客观赏生活在沙漠或水下的动物。而B. see animals which live in special conditions （看到生活在特殊环境中的动物）符合本题。故选B。37. A主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了现代动物园给予动物更多的自由，它们就可以像在大自然里一样生活。通过分析可知A符合题意。故选A。C【黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学xx届高三9月月考】 When going through major life changes, like changing careers, I would change the people with whom I spent the most time. Weve all gone through periods when the people in our lives have changed- graduation, moving to a new city, getting a new job, joining a new club, etc. I dont think I need to convince you just how much influence other people can have over your identity. If youve ever experienced a major switch in your people environment, then you know that you change as well. Most people dont make these choices consciously, though. You might consciously decide to spend more time with a certain friend, or you may ask someone out on a date to begin a new relationship. But few people choose their existing friendships deliberately. Theres no “getting rid of people”. People are always dropping into and out of each others lives. Associations grow into friendships, and friendships fade into associations. You dont get rid of anyone. The truth is that in order to make room for new people and new experiences, you may need to loosen up some of your existing connections. What about loyalty? Shouldnt you always be loyal to your friends? Once you have a close friend, even if his influence on you is slightly harmful, shouldnt you stick by him? Loyalty to a friend sometimes means having to let go. It means being loyal to his highest and best self as well. If someone is destroying his health by smoking, for example, you arent showing loyalty by smoking right along with him. True loyalty sometimes requires that you break damaging connections, get yourself back on solid ground, and then decide what you can really do to help your friend. It can take a lot of courage to tell someone, “Im sorry, but I cant have you in my life anymore.” But even though this might seem like a selfish act at times, its often the best thing for the other person, too. If a relationship is holding you back in some way, understand that its also hurting the other person. For example, if you work for a violent boss, your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently.38. When experiencing major life changes, people may _. A. join a new social munity B. influence their friend around C. choose their friendships purposely D. have their people environment changed39. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Everyone has at least one friend. B. It is unnecessary to make new friends. C. Friendships still exist though there are fewer connections. D. You ought to treat your old and new friends equally.40. What is the authors opinion on the loyalty to friends? A. Never betray your close friends whatever happens. B. Correct their mistakes while you guard their goodness. C. Stick by your friends even though they do harm to you. D. Break up with your friends immediately if they smoke.40.B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句True loyalty sometimes requires that you break damaging connections, get yourself back on solid ground, and then decide what you can really do to help your friend. 真正的忠诚有时需要你打破破坏性的关系，让自己回到坚实的基础上，然后，决定你能做什么来帮助你的朋友。也就是说：当你保护他们的善良时，改正他们的错误。故选B。第二节 【安徽师范大学附属中学xx届高三上学期9月考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。In high school,its important to stay healthy._41_ How can you study well if youre sick? So you should pay attention to your health in order to study well in high school.In order to enjoy good health,you should have some good habits.Here are some tips for you.Drink water regularly every day.Some students dont like drinking water.They only drink water when they are extremely thirsty._42_ You should drink water regularly so that your body and brain can function well.Avoid sport drinks and soda when you are thirsty.They are not good for your health._43_ Some students dont eat three meals a day.No matter what happens,you should not skip any meal of the day.Eating regularly helps keep your metabolism（新陈代谢）high and keeps your energy up.Its especially important to eat a good breakfast every day with protein,carbohydrates（碳水化合物）,and fiber to set up your body for the day of activity.If you dont eat,how can you stay focused in class?Eat the right foods.Some students eat whatever they can get.This is wrong._44_ Choose whole grains like rice and whole wheat flours.Skip muffins,donuts,and other processed foods.In stead,choose whole grains, protein, fruits and vegetables._45_ If you do that,you can get distracted.Therefore,you may not pay attention to how much you are eating.You may eat too much.Eating too much harms your health.And you may gain too much weight because of it. Try to eat slowly so your brain sends the right signals to tell your belly that its full.A.Dont skip meals.B.This is bad for your health.C.Eat a good breakfast every day.D.Avoid eating too much at one time.E.Dont watch TV or movies when you eat.F.If you are unhealthy,you may fall ill easily.G.You should eat the foods that are good for your body.【答案】41. F 42. B 43. A 44. G 45. E43. A本文主要讲述高中如何保持健康的话题。本段内容谈论的是一日三餐的好处，而且根据空格后“Some students dont eat three meals a day. No matter what happens, you should not skip any meal of the day.”可推知，选A“不要不吃饭”。III 写作 (满分25分)【甘肃省兰州第一中学xx届高三上学期第二次月考（9月）】请你根据所给背景材料、建议以及要求写一篇英文短文。背景材料编者按：本期刊出Henry的来信，欢迎读者就信中谈到的问题提出建议并给出理由。Dear editor,The summer holidays e to an end and a new school year begins. Although school is all about getting knowledge and learning is a part of our life, its not only exciting but also exhausting, boring and stressful. I am worried about the ing duties.建议1.心态乐观 2.课后活动3.健康饮食。要求l、词数100左右2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯3.开头语和结尾语已为你写好Dear Henry,_Yours ,Mike【答案】Dear Henry, Im glad to share my solutions to your problem. First, be optimistic. An optimistic way of thinking always helps us even in the most difficult life situations and this one is no exception. Theres nothing in school that can make you scared. Cheer yourself up, and youll feel no stress for good. Then, stretch yourself after class. Exercise not only builds up our body, but also helps improve our mood, which helps you forget about stress and makes you smile instead. Finally, eat healthily. In this way, you can keep energetic and fit. As the saying goes, An apple a day keeps the doctor away. Therefore, make sure you add enough fruit, vegetables, nuts, and other healthy foods to your meals. Best wishes,Yours, Mike【范文亮点】there be句型的应用。Theres nothing in school that can make you scared.特殊句型：祈使句+连词+sb.will do。Cheer yourse