了解世界动物卫生组织的规章与标准.ppt

了解世界动物卫生组织的规章与标准 Understanding OIE Regulations and Standards,历史 History,1924年-在欧洲,牛瘟,26个国家联合起来共同制定安全贸易的指导方针 In Europe, 26 countries unite to make guidelines for safe trade 2008年-169个国家,35个国际性组织/区域组织 2008 169 countries, 35 international/regional organizations,OIE 国际标准 OIE International Standards,陆地动物健康法典 Terrestrial Animal Health Code 陆地动物诊断测试和疫苗手册 Manual of Diagnostic tests and vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 水生动物健康法典 Aquatic Animal Health Code 水生动物诊断测试手册 Manual of Diagnostic tests for Aquatic Animals,法典的原则 Code Principles,1)动物健康措施以出口国为目标 Animal health measures target exporting country 2)出口国要遵守世界贸易组织的规定 and export countries comply with WTO 3)要应用最新的科学信息 Latest scientific info used 4)所采取的健康措施要以风险评估为基础 Health measures based on risk assessments 5)要评估兽医服务 Veterinary services evaluated 6)应用区域化和生物安全隔离区化管理 Zoning and compartmentalization applied 7)健康状况要以合理的流行病学为基础 Health status based on sound epidemiology,陆地动物诊断测试和疫苗手册 Manual of Diagnostic Texts and Vaccines for Terrestrial animals,经国际同意的实验室诊断技术 Internationally agreed lab diagnostic techniques 生物制品(疫苗)的生产和控制要求 Requirements for the production&control of biologicals(vaccines),OIE标准的更新 Updating OIE standards,科学家 委员会 代表,问题,科学家 委员会,回顾,草案,正文,代表,意见,委员会,采用,世界动物卫生组织国际标准,更新的世界动物卫生组织国际标准,陆地动物健康法典的内容 Contents of Terrestrial Code,1)通报及流行病学信息的要求 Notification and Epidemiological info. requirements 2)国际贸易中的职责与道德 Obligations and Ethics in International trade 3)进口风险分析 Import risk analysis 4)进口/出口程序 Import / export procedures 5)兽医服务质量 Quality of Vet. Services 6)分区制与区域化 Zoning and Compartimentalisation 7)疾病的特定细节 Disease Specific chapters,8)应用于国际贸易的诊断测试 Diagnostic tests for International trade 9)收集及处理精液及胚胎 Collection &processing semen& embryos 10)病原体和载体的灭活 Inactivation of pathogens & vectors 11)动物福利 Animal welfare 12)疾病监测 Disease surveillance 13)动物性产品的食品安全 Animal production food Safety 14)抗菌剂的耐药性 Antimicrobial Resistance 15)国际兽医健康证明的模版 Model Int.Veterinary health certificates,1)通报及流行病学信息的要求Notification and Epidemiological Information,对于表中所列出的疾病,有责任对其当前的流行情况/再次出现情况/演变/改变进行通报 Obligation to notify on the occurrence /re-occurrence / evolution /changes in epidemiology-of listed diseases.,2)国际贸易中的职责与道德 Obligations & ethics in international trade,进口与出口国必须要做到: Importing & exporting countries must: - 交换健康信息 exchange health information -设立进口条例 set import regulations - 提供准确的健康证明 provide accurate health certification,3)进口风险分析 Import risk analysis,-危害的证明 hazard identification -风险评估 risk assessment -风险管理 risk management -风险交流 risk communication -指导风险分析的指导方针 guidelines for conducting risk analyses *Explaining Risk 阐明风险,4)相似性 Equivalence,用于决定在不同的动物健康和生产系统间所做的卫生措施相似性的指导方针 Guidelines to determine equivalence of sanitary measures arising between differing animal health and production systems,5)进口/出口程序 Import/export procedures,在入境之前,期间以及之后的动物健康程序 Animal health procedures before ,during, after transit 标识 Identification 对于进口商的特殊要求 Special requirements of importers 边境检查站 Border posts 检疫站 Quarantine stations 在入境期间病原菌的控制 Containment of pathogens during transit,6)兽医服务的质量 Quality of Veterinary Services,做为风险分析的一部分,要对道德/组织/技术规则进行评估 Evaluation of ethical/organisational /technical principles as part of risk analysis,7)区域化与生物安全隔离区化 Zoning and Compartementalisation,区域化:按照法典的生物安全建议,动物的子群以地理边界线为基础来定义 Zoning: animal subpopulations defined on a geographical basis with boundaries for biosecurity as recommended by the Code 生物安全隔离区化:按照法典的建议,建立兽医服务/政府/企业之间的合作关系Compartementalisation:Partnership between Vet. services,/Govt./industry as recommended by the code,8)疾病的特定细节 Disease specific chapters,描述(病理学,检验,疫苗,流行病学) Description(pathology,tests,vaccines.epidemiology) 免除疾病详细措施的商品 Commodities exempt of disease specific measures 要求疾病详细措施的商品 Commodities requiring disease specific measures 在疾病风险分析中的因素 Factors in risk assessments of the disease 警告特殊疾病状况的要求 Requirements to attain specified disease status 商品(奶,皮,羽毛)中所采取的卫生措施 Application of health measures applied to a commodity(milk,hides,feathers),9)应用于国际贸易的诊断测试Diagnostic tests for International trade,在指南当中提交附录 Referred to appendices in the Manual,10)收集/处理精液/胚胎Collection&Processing semen & embryos,对接收者的病原菌控制和感染 Control of pathogens and transmission of infection to recipients,11)病原体和载体的灭活 Inactivation of pathogens and Vectors,在消毒/杀虫/病毒灭活方面的建议 Recommendations on Disinfection/disinsectisation/viral inactivation,12)动物福利 Animal Welfare,运输和屠宰的指导原则 Guidelines for transport & slaughter,13)疾病监测 Disease Surveillance,国家监测体系 National Surveillance system 重要病原菌的流行病学 epidemiology of important pathogens 环境评价 environmental assessment 宿主群体的描述 description of host populations 无疾病的宣布 declaration of freedom of disease,14)动物产品食品安全 Animal Production Food Safety,在宰前和宰后检疫中,结合食品法典的相关规定对生物危害进行控制的指导原则 Guidelines for control of bio hazards in ante &postmortem meat inspection * in conjunction with Codex Alimentarius,15)追溯体系 Traceability,动物的标识 Animal identification,16)抗菌剂的耐药性 Antimicrobial Resistance,协调监督/监测 Harmnise Surveillance & monitoring 所用抗菌剂的质量 Quantity of antimicrobials used 尽职责的使用兽药 Responsible use in Vet. medicine,17)兽医健康证明的模板 Model Veterinary Health Certificates,促进贸易 Facilitate trade 防止施加不合理的卫生条件及义务 Prevent imposing unjustified health conditions & obligations,陆地动物手册 Terrestrial Manual,第一部分:采样方法 Part1: Sampling methods 良好实验室规范 Good Laboratory practices 兽用疫苗产品的规则 Principles of Vet. Vaccine production 生物技术 Biotechnology 兽医诊断实验室质量管理 Quality management in vet.diagnostic labs 诊断化验的确认 Validation of diagnostic assays 无菌状态的测试/无生物污染 Tests for sterility & freedom from contamination of biologicals 实验室的安全 Laboratory safety 在规范生物制品方面的官方团体的角色 The role of official bodies in regulating biologicals 抗菌剂药敏试验 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing 第二部分:诊断测试与疫苗的标准 Part2: Standards for diagnostic tests and Vaccines,出口规则的决定 Determining Import Regulations,1)鉴别在出口国可能存在的危害 Identify hazards possibly present in exporting country 2)将可能存在的病原菌与没有病原菌的进口国相比较 Compare possible hazard pathogens with those absent in importing country 3)风险分析/风险评估 Risk analysis /risk assessment 4)制定进口规则,包括国家的要求和OIE风险分析标准 Develop import regulations including country requirements and OIE Risk analysis standards.,纠纷调解 Dispute Mediation,一个国家提出诉讼 A Country lodges a complaint 世界动物卫生组织提供自愿解决争议的机制 OIE offers voluntary dispute settlement mechanism 以科学为基础调解 Science based mediation,