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EUROPEAN STANDARDEN ISO 12100-1NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAlSCHE NORMNovember 2003ICS 01.040.13; 13.110Supersedes EN 292-1:1991English versionSafety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)Securite des machines - Notions fondamentales, principesSicherheit von Maschinen - Grundbegriffe, allgemeinegeneraux de conception - Partie 1: Terminologie de base,Gestaltungsleitsatze - Teil 1: Grundsatzliche Terminologie,methodologie (ISO 12100-1:2003)Methodologie (ISO 12100-1:2003)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 June 2003.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPAlSCHES KOMITEE FUR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedRef. No. EN ISO 12100-1:2003 Eworldwide for CEN national Members.Copyright European Committee for StandardizationProvided by IHS under license with CENNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSCEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN STANDARDEN ISO 12100-1NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAlSCHE NORMNovember 2003ICS 01.040.13; 13.110Supersedes EN 292-1:1991English versionSafety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)Securite des machines - Notions fondamentales, principesSicherheit von Maschinen - Grundbegriffe, allgemeinegeneraux de conception - Partie 1: Terminologie de base,Gestaltungsleitsatze - Teil 1: Grundsatzliche Terminologie,methodologie (ISO 12100-1:2003)Methodologie (ISO 12100-1:2003)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 June 2003.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPAISCHES KOMITEE FUR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedRef. No. EN ISO 12100-1:2003 Eworldwide for CEN national Members.Copyright European Committee for StandardizationProvided bv IHS under license with CENNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSNot for ResaleCEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EN ISO 12100-1:2003ForewordThis document (EN ISO 12100-1:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199 Safety of machinery in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 Safety of machinery, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2004.This document supersedes EN 292-1:1991.This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.NOTE FROM CMC The foreword is susceptible to be amended on reception of the German language version. The confirmed or amended foreword, and when appropriate, the normative annex Z for the references to international publications with their relevant European publications will be circulated with the German version.Endorsement noticeThe text of ISO 12100-1:2003 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 12100-1:2003 without any modifications.Copyright European Committee for StandardizationProvided by IHS under license with CENNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSNot for ResaleEN ISO 12100-1:2003INTERNATIONALISOSTANDARD12100-1First edition 2003-11-01Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Parti:Basic terminology, methodologySecurite des machines Notions fondamentales, principes generaux de conception Partie 1: Terminologie de base, methodologie Reference number3E&vijlSO12100-1:2003(E)ISOCopyright European Committee for StandardizationProvided by IHS under license with CENNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSEN ISO 12100-1:2003ContentsPageForewordivIntroductionv1 Scope12 Normative references13 Terms and definitions14 Hazards to be taken into account when designing machinery84.1 General84.2 Mechanical hazard84.3 Electrical hazard94.4 Thermal hazard94.5 Hazard generated by noise104.6 Hazards generated by vibration104.7 Hazards generated by radiation104.8 Hazards generated by materials and substances104.9 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machine design104.10 Slipping, tripping and falling hazards114.11 Hazard combinations114.12 Hazards associated with the environment in which the machine is used115Strategy for risk reduction115.1 General provisions115.2 Specification of the limits of the machine125.3 Hazard identification, risk estimation and risk evaluation125.4 Elimination of hazards or reduction of risk by protective measures145.5 Achievement of risk reduction objectives14Annex A (informative) Schematic representation of a machine17Trilingual index18Bibliography33Copyright European Committee for Standardization111Provided by IHS under license with CENNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSNot for ResaleEN ISO 12100-1:2003ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 12100-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery.This edition cancels and replaces ISO/TR 12100-1:1992, which has been technically revised.This standard results from the revision of EN 292:1991 / ISO/TR 12100:1992, carried out by a Special Working Group composed of experts from ISO, CEN, IEC and CENELEC.ISO 12100 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design: Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology, expressing the basic overall methodology to be followed when designing machinery and when producing safety standards for machinery, together with the basic terminology related to the philosophy underlying this work; Part 2: Technical principles, giving advice on how this philosophy can be applied using available techniques.Copyright European Committee for StandardizationProvided by IHS under license with CENNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSNot for ResaleEN ISO 12100-1:2003IntroductionThe primary purpose of ISO 12100 is to provide designers with an overall framework and guidance to enable them to produce machines that are safe for their intended use. It also provides a strategy for standard makers.The concept of safety of machinery considers the ability of a machine to perform its intended function(s) during its lifecycle where risk has been adequately reduced.This standard is the basis for a set of standards which has the following structure: type-A standards (basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects that can be applied to all machinery; type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one type of safeguard that can be used across a wide range of machinery: type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise); type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure sensitive devices, guards);type-C standards (machine safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particularmachine or group of machines.This standard is a type-A standard.When a type-C standard deviates from one or more provisions dealt with by Part 2 of this standard or by a type-B standard, the type-C standard takes precedence.It is recommended that this standard be incorporated in training courses and manuals to convey basic terminology and general design methods to designers.ISO/IEC Guide 51 has been taken into account as far as practicable at the time of drafting of this standard.Copyright European Committee for StandardizationProvided by IHS under license with CENNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSNot for ResalevEN ISO 12100-1:2003Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology1 ScopeThis standard defines basic terminology and methodology used in achieving safety of machinery.The provisions stated in this standard are intended for the designer.This standard does not deal with damage to domestic animals, property or the environment.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2 : Technical principles.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of ISO 12100-1 and -2, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1machinerymachineassembly of linked parts or components, at least one of which moves, with the appropriate machine actuators, control and power circuits, joined together for a specific application, in particular for the processing, treatment, moving or packaging of a material.The terms machinery and machine also cover an assembly of machines which, in order to achieve the same end, are arranged and controlled so that they function as an integral whole.NOTE Annex A provides a general schematic representation of a machine.3.2reliability (of a machine)ability of a machine or its components or equipment, to perform a required function under specified conditions and for a given period of time without failing3.3maintainability (of a machine)ability of a machine to be maintained in a state which enables it to fulfil its function under conditions of intended use, or restored into such a state, the necessary actions (maintenance) being carried out according to specified practices and using specified meansCopyright European Committee for StandardizationProvided by IHS under license with CENNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSNot for Resale1EN ISO 12100-1:20033.4usability (of a machine)ability of a machine to be easily used thanks to, among others, properties or characteristics that enable its function(s) to be easily understood.3.5 harmphysical injury or damage to health3.6 hazardpotential source of harmNOTE 1 The term hazard can be qualified in order to define its origin (e.g. mechanical hazard, electrical hazard) or the nature of the potential harm (e.g. electric shock hazard, cutting hazard, toxic hazard, fire hazard).NOTE 2 The hazard envisaged in this definition: either is permanently present during the intended use of the machine (e.g. motion of hazardous moving elements, electric arc during a welding phase, unhealthy posture, noise emission, high temperature); or may appear unexpectedly (e.g. explosion, crushing hazard as a consequence of an unintended / unexpected startup, ejection as a consequence of a breakage, fall as a consequence of acceleration / deceleration).3.7relevant hazardhazard which is identified as being present at or associated with the machineNOTEA relevant hazard is identified as the result of one step of the process described in ISO 14121.3.8significant hazardhazard which has been identified as relevant and which requires specific action by the designer to eliminate or to reduce the risk according to the risk assessment3.9hazardous situationcircumstance in which a person is exposed to at least one hazard. The exposure can immediately or over a period of time result in harm3.10hazard zone danger zoneany space within and/or around machinery in which a person can be exposed to a hazard3.11 riskcombination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm3.12 residual riskrisk remaining after protective measures have been taken (see also figure 1)NOTEThis standard distinguishes: the residual risk after protective measures have been taken by the designer; the residual risk after all protective measures have been implemented.oCopyright European Committee for StandardizationProvided by IHS under license with CENNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSEN ISO 12100-1:20033.13risk assessmentoverall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation3.14risk analysiscombination of the specification of the limits of the machine, hazard identification and risk estimation3.15risk estimationdefining likely severity of harm and probability of its occurrence3.16risk evaluationjudgement, on the basis of risk analysis, of whether the risk reduction objectives have been achieved3.17adequate risk reductionrisk reduction at least in accordance with the legal requirements under consideration of the current state of the artNOTECriteria for determining when adequate risk reduction is achieved are given in 5.5.3.18protective measuremeasure intended to achieve risk reduction, implemented: by the designer (inherently safe design, safeguarding and complementary protective measures, information for use) and by the user (organization: safe working procedures, supervision, permit-to-work systems; provision and use of additional safeguards; use of personal protective equipment; training).See figure 1.3.19inherently safe design measureprotective measure which either eliminates hazards or reduces the risks associated with hazards by changing the design or operating characteristics of the machine without the use of guards or protective devicesNOTE ISO 12100-2:2003, clause 4, deals with risk reduction by inherently safe design measures.3.20 safeguardingprotective measure using safeguards to protect persons from the hazards which cannot reasonably be eliminated or from the risks which cannot be sufficiently reduced by inherently safe design measuresNOTE ISO 12100-2:2003, clause 5, deals with safeguarding.3.21information for useprotective measure consisting of communication links (e.g. texts, words, signs, signals, symbols, diagrams) used separately or in combination, to convey information to the userNOTE ISO 12100-2:2003, clause 6, deals with information for use.3.22intended use of a machineuse of a machine in accordance with the information provided in the instructions for useCopyright European Committee for StandardizationProvided by IHS under license with CENNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSNot for Resale3EN ISO 12100-1:20033.23reasonably foreseeable misuseuse of a machine in a way not intended by the designer, but which may result from readily predictable human behaviour3.24 safeguardguard or protective device3.25 guardphysical barrier, designed as part of the machine, to provide protectionNOTE 1 A guard may act: alone; it is then only effective when it is closed for a movable guard or securely held in place for a fixed guard; in conjunction with an interlocking device with or without guard locking; in this case, protection is ensured whatever the position of the guard.NOTE 2 Depending on its design, a guard may be called e.g. casing, shield, cover, screen, door, enclosing guard.NOTE 3 See ISO 12100-2:2003, 5.3.2, and ISO 14120 for types of guards and their requirements.3.25.1 fixed guardguard affixed in such a manner (e.g. by screws, nuts, welding) that it can only be opened or removed by the use of tools or destruction of the affixing means3.25.2 movable guardguard which can be opened without the use of tools3.25.3 adjustable guardfixed or movable guard which is adjustable as a whole or which incorporates adjustable part(s). The adjustment remains fixed during a particular operation3.25.4 interlocking guardguard associated with an interlocking device so that, together with the control system of the machine, the following functions are performed: the hazardous machine functions covered by the guard cannot ope
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