英语国家概况答案.doc

英语作业答案Unit 1.Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False.1. The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (T) 英伦三岛包括英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。2. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. (F) British 3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F)4. In terms of population and area，Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom. (F) 英格兰是面积最大，人口最多的5. The longest river of Britain originates in Wales. (T) The River Severn:赛文河6. Because of political troubles，Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. (T). Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements. 1. The two main islands of the British Isles are . 不列颠群岛是由两个大岛组成的：不列颠和爱尔兰A.Great Britain and Ireland B.Great Britain and ScotlandC.Great Britain and Wales D.Great Britain and England2. is the capital city of Scotland. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff3. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom， is the smallest. A.England B. ScotlandC.Wales D. Northern Ireland 4. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words to English. A. Danish and Finnish B. Dutch and GermanC. French and Italian D. Latin and Greek5. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence. A. Norman B. Dutch C. German D. Danish6. Samuel Johnsons dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammar B. handwritingC. spelling D. pronunciation7. At present, nearly of the worlds population communicate in English. A. half B. a quarterC. One third D. one fifthIII. Give brief answers to the following questions1. What is the full name of the U.K.?The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsman wearing kilts and playing bagpipes. 3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English. 4. Why did English become more important after the Black Death(黑死病)?The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French. . State your understanding of the following questions in about 100 words.1. who are British people? The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lots of immigrants from many former Commonwealth(共和国) countries from every part of the world, and the British people are also composed of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds. 2. What is Standard English?Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of the southeastern England; it is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. Is has developed and has been promoted as a model for the correct British English. It is also the norm(标准) carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used. Unit 2 I. Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False. 1. The British history before 55 BC is basically undocumented. (T)2. The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC. (T) 3. The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe the Britons. (T)4. The AngloSaxons came to Britain in the mid-5th century. (T) (不考)5. The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will. (F) 6. The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century. (T)7. Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France (T)8. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople. (F)9. The Hundred Years War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans for trade and territory. (F)10. in an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions，Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation. (T). Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements. 1The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410 ANorman BDanish CCeltic DGermanic2By the late 7th century， became the dominant religion in EnglandACeltic Christianity BAnglo-Saxon ChristianityCGermanic Christianity DRoman Christianity3Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特教堂) was built at the time of . AStAugustine BEdward the Confessor(忏悔者爱德华) CWilliam the Conqueror DAlfred the Great4The marked the establishment of feudalism(封建制度) in EnglandAViking invasion Bsigning of the Magna CartaCNorman Conquest DAdoption of common law5The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of . Athe House of Valois Bthe House of York Cthe House of Tudor(都铎楼) Dthe House of Lancaster出身于族徽为红玫瑰的兰开斯特家族的亨利都铎结束了玫瑰战争，登上了英国王位，称亨利七世6The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIIIS effort to .Adivorce his wife Bbreak with RomeCsupport the Protestants Ddeclare his supreme power over the church7. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .AProtestants and Puritans BRoyalists and ParliamentariansCnobles and peasants Daristocrats and Christians8 was passed after the Glorious Revolution(光荣革命) ABill of Rights BAct of Supremacy CProvisions of Oxford DMagna Carta9.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century A17th B18th C19th D20th10Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the centuryA17th B18th C19th D20thIII. Give brief answers to the following questions. 1. What are the two components of the British parliament? 2. What were some of Queen Victorias major achievements? 3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War? 4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War? Answers: 1. They are the House of Commons and the House of Lords. 2. Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the worlds landmass. 3. The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russian Empire, the British Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union. . State your understanding of the following questions. 1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain? 2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire? Answers: 1. The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed. The conflict between the capitalists and the proletarians became the most important political issue. 2. Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, Britain had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of the 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the worlds landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britains colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall of the Empire.Unit 4 Politics and Government of UKIRead the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False1Conventions(党代会) are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British governmentF2The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the historyF3In reality，the British King or Queen is the source of all government powersF4British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations(英联邦国家)F5Lords Spiritual(上议院神职议员) and Lords Temporal(上议院世俗议员) are all members in the British Upper House(上议院).T6The members in the House of Commons(下议院) are appointed rather than electedF上议院是指派的，下议院是选举的。7The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in ParliamentT8Cabinet members(内阁阁员) are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in ParliamentFCabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from members of the winning political parties in Parliament9British law consists of two parts, the civil law and the criminal lawT10The legal systems in England，Wales，Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practiceFIIChoose the one that best completes each of the following statements1The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the .Ajudiciary司法 BLegislature立法 Cmonarchy Dexecutive行政2The importance of the British monarchy(君主政体)can be seen in its effect on . Apassing the bills Badvising the government Cpolitical parties Dpublic attitude3As a revising chamber(审裁室)，the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons Arival Bcomplement Ccriticize D. inspect检查4British Cabinet works on the principle of .Acollective responsibility(集体责任) Bindividual responsibilityCdefending the collectivism Ddefending the individuals5The main duty of the British Privy Council(枢密院) is to .Amake decisions Bgive adviceCpass bills Dsupervise the Cabinet6In Britain，the parliamentary general election is held every years. Athree Bfour Cfive D. six7 has a distinct legal system based on Roman lawAWales BEnglandCScotland DNorthern Ireland8Generally speaking，the British Parliament operates on a system. Asingle-party Btwo-partyCthree-party Dmulti-party9The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism实用主义and .Agovernment intervention Bnationalization of enterprisesCsocial reform Da belief in individualism10The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it .Aset up the National Health Service Bimproved public transportationCabolished the old tax system Denhanced the economic developmentGive brief answers to the following questions1What are the three functions of the House of Commons?There are three main functions of the House of Commons. The first is to debate and vote upon legislation and the second is to give the chance for the opposition to question what the government is doing with legislation, the way it conducts itself, etc. The third function is private members business where MPs may get up and make a speech in the House about an issue or event that he/she would like to draw attention to.2What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats(自由民主党) have in Britain?张老师的答案：Liberal Democrats was founded in March, 1988. In publics eyes, Liberal Democrats adopts more progress policy on the issue of public services, social equity and environmental protection etc. It continues to maintain the cooperation with Labor Party, and it is third party in UK with 100,000 party members.The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a social liberal political party in the United Kingdom. The party was formed in 1988 by a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party. The two parties had formed the electoral SDPLiberal Alliance for seven years before then. The current leader of the party is Nick Clegg. At the 2010 general election, 57 Lib Dem MPs were elected, making them the third-largest party in the House of Commons, behind the Conservative Party with 307 and the Labour Party with 258. The Liberal Democrats formed a coalition government with the Conservative Party, with Nick Clegg as Deputy Prime Minister and other Liberal Democrats in the cabinet.Promoting social liberalism, the Liberal Democrats voice strong support for constitutional and electoral reform, and civil liberties. The party presidents book of office is John Stuart Mills 1859 On Liberty, which defended individual rights while attacking the tyranny of the majority and the despotism of custom. The party objects to state limitations on individual rights and favours a welfare state that provides for the necessities and amenities of life.1213 They support multilateral foreign policy, opposing British participation in the War in Iraq and supporting the withdrawal of troops from the country.14 The Liberal Democrats are the most pro-European Union of the three main parties in the UK. The party has strong environmentalist valuesfavouring renewable energy and commitments to deeper cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Since their foundation, Lib Dems have advocated electoral reform to use proportional representation in electing the House of Commons, also hoping to replace the House of Lords with an elected chamber.Unit 1 Geography and PeopleIRead the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False1The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians(阿巴拉契亚山脉) hold one third of the countrys continental territoryF 1/3-1/62The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate，with some mild subtropical(亚热带的) and tropical(热带的) zonesT3New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States，and it is composed of five boroughs including Manhattan，Brooklyn，the Bronx，Staten Island and QueensT4San Francisco(旧金山) is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyland are located hereF 洛杉矶是第二大城市6Half of the USpopulation lives in the western metropolitan centersF 东部7The Blacks brought from Africa to America usually worked on plantations or farms in the NorthF 在美国南部8During the 1830s and 1840s，many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to AmericaT10Basic American cultural values are freedom，equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of livingTIIChoose the one that best completes each of the following statements.1The United States has_states on the continentA50 B49 C48 D352The state of_ is the largest in area of all the statesAAlaska BHawaii CTexas DFlorida3The USlies in_North America，with Canada to the north，Mexico to the south，the Atlantic 大西洋to its_ and the Pacific太平洋 to its_Anorthern，east，west Bcentral，east，westCsouthern，west，east Dwestern，east，west4The largest river in the USis_. Athe Missouri River Bthe Mississippi River Cthe Ohio River Dthe Colorado River5Some of the world famous universities like Harvard，Yale and MIT are located Ain the South Balong the Pacific Coast Cin New England新英格兰 Din the Midwest6_is located on the US.-Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario AYellowstone National Park BThe Grand Canyon CNiagara Falls 尼亚加拉大瀑布 DThe Great Salt Lake7The native Alaskan population includes the following except the_AIndians BEskimos CAleuts DBlacks8The largest minority in the United States is the _. APacific Islanders BBlacks CNative Americans DAsiansIIIGive brief answers to the following questions1How is the life of the Native Americans today?About 2.5 million Native Americans live in the USA today. The biggest tribes are the Cherokee, Chippewa, Navajo and Sioux. About a third of the Indians in the US live on reservations. The rest live in cities or towns. Indian culture is still preserved on reservations. Here, Indians practice old traditions. However, they are worried that their traditions will disappear because more and more Indians are being integrated into society. Today, Native Americans are better off than they were at the beginning of the 20th century. They get better education; many go to high school and some to college. Many Native Americans work as lawyers, doctors or have other important jobs, like working for government companies. Some tribes get money from tourism or selling handicrafts. In 1988 the government allowed casinos and other gambling operations on reservations. Other tribes earn money from taxes on oil or gas that is produced on their land. Even though life has improved, Native Americans still face many problems in todays America. Unemployment on reservations is about 50%. The income of an Indian family is much lower than that of a white family. Most Indians are badly paid and are unskilled workers. Suicide rates are also higher than in other places. Some Indians try to reduce their problems by drinking alcohol and taking drugs. Chapter 6 LiteratureIRead the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False1The Canterbury Tales（坎特伯雷故事集） is a representative work of the Old English PeriodF 中古英语的代表作2Renaissance（文艺复兴） is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classicsT3Hamlet depicts the heros struggle with two opposing forces：moral integrity and the need to avenge his fathers murderT4Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homers Iliad（伊利亚特）T5Jonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language，and Robinson Crusoe is his masterpieceF by Daniel Defoe6William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its heightF the