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_Unit 1 a land of diversity教材分词与重组本单元的主题是：一个地区的文化多元现象。通过两篇课文，一篇是reading部分的California,重点介绍加利福尼亚的移民历史；一篇是reading and writing 部分的Georges diary, 重点展示了George眼中的加利福尼亚，进而向我们展示加利福尼亚州的文化多元现象。从而我们可以以加利福尼亚为例，通过想象与推理了解文化多元(multicultural)现象。本单元的语法为：名词性从句，是对这个语法模块的复习与升华。Period 1: warming-up and reading用一副美国地图启发学生运用已有知识，以看图填充的形式引导学生对美国整个地理位置有个大致的全面认识。并让学生看“阅读”部分的图，叙述加州的土著人，引发学生对加利福尼亚的兴趣。了解加利福尼亚的移民历史Period 2: language points and exercise about the reading通过灵活多样的练习促使学生进一步对文章进行理解，并学习掌握遇到的新表达。Period 3: grammar复习名词性从句作主语、宾语和表语Period 4：writingWrite a essay about a city, province or zone in China.重组原因：根据一周的课时量及学生基础，本单对reading and writing部分只作简单处理。Period 1Warming up & Reading I. Teaching Aims;Knowledge goals: 1.Help students to learn about the knowledge of USA especially California.Ability goals: 2.Develop Ss reading ability by skimming, scanning and careful reading.Emotion Goals 3.Arouse Ss interest in science .II. Teaching Important Points Learn the huge diversity of races and cultures in California.III. Teaching Difficult Points Encourage the students to discuss the question in page3Ex3 and make a summary of the passage.IV. Teaching Aids The multimedia and other normal teaching tools V. Teaching Procedures: Teaching proceduresStep 1 Warming up.1. Ask the students to discuss If you want to learn something about a country, a state, etc, what we want to know. Size Location Capital Population Language History geography Customs culture climate, agriculture industry, education medical care2. A quiz about the general knowledge of the USA (in the PPT-reading)3. Group work: look at the map of the USA with your group. Write on the map the names of as many of the following as you can. Compare your names with other groups. Ocean on the west coast: Pacific Ocean Country to the north of USA: CanadaCountry to the south of USA: Mexico Mountain range in the west: Rocky MountainsGreat Lakes: Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario Longest river in the USA: Mississippi RiverSome important cities: New York, Washington DC, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, New OrleansStep 2 Pre-reading1. Ask the students to tell things about California including its location, size, population, economy, history etc. What do you learn about California?Step 3 Fast reading1. Read through the passage and get the main idea.1.Whats the topic of this text? A. the culture of California B. the history of California C. the weather of California D. the history of USA2.Which state in the USA has the largest Population? California (over 30 million people)3.How many kinds of people are mentioned in this text? Step 4 Detail readingNative Americans : Answer the following questions1.Time: 15000 years ago2.Where did they come from: from Asian to Alaska3.What happened in the sixteenth century?Native Americans were killed by European were forced into slavery died from the disease survived the terrible timesThe Spanish Fill in the form: note down an important event16th century Spain soldiers arrived and took their land18th centuryCalifornia was ruled by SpainIn 1821California became part of Mexicoin 1846Mexico gave California to the United StatesRussians & Gold MinersDo some T or F questions:1.In the early 1800s, Russian fur trappers began settling in California. T2.In 1848, before the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. F 3.A lot of adventures achieved their dream of becoming rich. F 4.California become the thirty-first state of the United states of American in 1850. TFilling the blacks StagePeopleTimeEventLater arrivalsAfricans1800sMoved from MexicoChinese1860sBuild the railwayJapaneseEarly 1900sFarmedDenmark1911Established a townJewishBy 1920Developed industryItaliansLate 1900sFished and made wineAfricans1942-1945Worked in ship& aircraft industriesStep 5 After reading Why is California in the 21st century such a multicultural community? (Using 3 or 4 sentences to explain. )The state of California is a multicultural community because European, African and Asian people have been immigrating to the state for the last 200 years. Before their arrival, native American people had lived there for thousands of years. People from all over the world are still coming to settle in California because of its good climate and the lifestyle it offers. Step 6 Homework Finish “Learning about language” on page 4.Period 2 Language Points Teaching aims1To learn the useful expressions and sentence structures in the reading.2To enable students to use language points both orally and in written forms.3To further get students inspired.Difficult points:Some key words often used in the exams.Important points:How to use the words and some important rules related to the new words.Teaching steps:Step 1Learning following words and phrases in reading text.1. distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著常用结构：make a distinction between 对加以区分win a distinction for 因而获功勋without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的be distinct from . 与不同（的）He has a distinct gift for drawing.他有很明显的绘画天赋。You should make your writing distinct. 你应该把字写清楚。Mozarts style is quite distinct from Haydns. 2. means n. 手段；方法（单数和复数形式相同）常用结构：by means of 用办法；借助by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以by no means 决不，一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）by every means 用尽一切可能的办法means/way/methodmeans指“方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段（单复数形式相同）。way指“一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法、方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。method指“有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。a way to do sth.a way of doing sth./a method of doing sth. 做的方法in this way/with the method/by this means 用这种些方法means作主语且有every, each等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some, several, many, few等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。Every means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。All means have been tried. 所有方法都试过了。3. majority n. 大多数；大半 A/The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。常用结构：be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数a majority over sb. 超过对方的票数with /by a majority 以多数，大半major adj.&n. 较大的；主要的；主修，专攻minority adj.&n. 少数；少数民族；（与majority互为反义词）4. elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人elect to do 选择或决elect sb.(to be/as)+ n.选某人当elect sb.to do sth.选某人做某事election n. 选举5. occur vi. 发生；存在；出现常用结构：occur to (主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中;被想起，被想到it occurs to sb. to do sth. 使某人想到做某事it occurs to sb. that . 某人想到Just then an idea occurred to me. 就在那时我想起了一个主意。It suddenly occurred to me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.我突然想到我把伞忘在楼上了。happen/occur/take placehappen是一般用语，尤其指偶然发生，表示“碰巧、恰好”的意思。Occur发生、突然想起，相当于happen，也可以表示某种想法出现在人的头脑中。 take place 指事先计划或预料到的“发生”，非偶然的发生。此外还有“举行”的意思。break out 发生、爆发常指战争、灾难、疾病等事件的发生。New things are happening all around us.新事物在我们周围不断发生。The explosion occurred at 5:30 a.m. 爆炸发生在早上5点30分。When will the basketball game take place?6. indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite.我问他我姐姐在哪，他指了指对面的商店。Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.研究显示男人比女人更容易戒烟。常用结构：indicate sth. (to sb.)向（某人）表示某事；把指给（某人）看indicate that .表示；示意indication n. 指出；表明 indicative adj.指示的；暗示的 7. hire vt. & n.租用；雇用(employ)hire sb.to do sth.雇佣某人做某事hire out 出租,租出去They hire out boats by the hourhire 指“临时或一次性雇佣”；employ指“长时间雇佣”。重点短语1. live on 继续存在；继续生存live on sth. 以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活live by doing sth. 靠做某事为生live for sth. 以某事物为生活目标live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存live up to sth. 依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准live with sth. 接受或容忍某现象live to be. = live to the age of. 活到岁live a. life 过着的生活 2. team up with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为共同目标）；与合作The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car.那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。3. mark out 划线；标出的界线mark sb. out for sth. 选出/选定某人做某事mark down 写下，记下；降低的价格mark up 标出；提高的价格mark in 加画；绘入mark out for 看中；选定Just a moment. Let me mark down your name and address.等一下，让我把你的姓名和地址记下来。Some shops marked up the goods unfairly. 有几家商店的货价提高得不合理。He marked the book down to 49 cents. 他把书的标价降为49分。 4. take in 包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗take apart 拆开；剖析，抨击(论点等)take down 拿下，取下；拆卸；记下take back 取回，带回；收回说过的话；使回忆 起昔日take care of 照料；保管take up 开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理take medicine 服药take it easy 别紧张，慢慢来take over 继承；接收，接管take off 脱下(衣服等)；起飞take on 承担，从事；呈现take one s place 入座；代替某人的位置take one s time 不急，慢慢干 ：5.keep up 保持 ；坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等） keep up with 跟上 Keep on doing 继续、反复做某事 keep back;抑制或阻止感情等的流露，隐瞒、拒绝告知某事keep . from .忍住不做某事 keep out; 使不进入、防止进入 keep out of ;避免某事，不受的影响 keep off 使远离、不接触某人某事keep in touch with与保持联系 keep to sth 坚持、不违背（诺言、计划等） keep away from 躲开、避开Step 2Using words and phrasesDo Exercises 1,2 and 3 on Page 4 in Learning about Language.Step 3ConsolidationAsk students to retell the text after learning the useful words and phrases.Step 4HomeworkGo over the useful words and phrases in the text.Period3 GrammarI. Teaching Aims: Knowledge goals: 1.Learn grammar: Noun Clause（Subject Cause、Object Cause） Ability goals: 2. Enable Ss to use Noun Clause Emotion Goals: 3. Arouse the Ss interest in learning English grammar. II. Teaching Important & Difficult Points: How to use Noun Clause correctlyIII. Teaching methods Discussing, explaining, and practicing and so on.IV. Teaching Aids The multimedia and other normal teaching toolsV. Teaching Procedures:Step 1 Lead-inComplete the sentences with the proper words given in the brackets.（that whatwhetherhowwhy）Step 2. Presentation名词性从句的定义、分类、及连接词1、定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句（Noun Clause）名词、性从句包 。引导的连词有：名词性从句2、分类根据它在句子中不同的语法功能，名词性从句分为主语从句（Subject Cause）、表语从句(Predictive Cause 、宾语从句(Object Cause)和同位语从句（Appositive Cause）。3、连接词连接词词义功能that无词义不作成分，只起连接作用whether/if是否不作成分，起连接作用what,which什么，哪个作主语、宾语、表语who,whom,whose谁，谁的作主语、宾语、定语when,where,how,why什么时候/地方，怎么样，为什么作状语how many/much多少作定语how soon/often/long/much多久，多久一次，多长，多么作状语.词义及功能同疑问词whatever=anything that无论什么作主语、宾语、表语、定语whosever=anyone whose无论谁的作主语、宾语、定语、表语whichever=anything that无论哪个作宾语、定语、主语、表语whoever=anyone who无论谁作主语whomever=anyone whom无论谁作宾语Step 3. exercise 一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1. China is no longer what it used to be.2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4. How he persuaded the man ager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9. Do you remember the teacher who taug ht us English at middle school?10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.二、用适当的连词填空：1. I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy.2. Thats _ he refused my invitation.3. I am very interested in _ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.4. _ we need is more time.5. The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6. _ and _ they will meet has not been decided yet.7. Please tell me _ you are waiting for.8. Is that _ you are looking for?9. Would you please tell me _ the nearest post office is?10. I dont know _ he will agree to the plan or not.三、选择填空：1. Do you see _ I mean?A. that B./C. howD. what2. Tell me_ is on your mind.A. thatB. whatC. which D. why3. We must stick to _ we have agreed on.A. whatB. thatC. /D. how4. Let me see _.A. that can I repair the radioB. whether -I can repair the radioC. I can repair the radioD. whether can I repair the radio5. K eep in m ind _.A. that the teacher saidB. what did the teacher sayC. that did the teacher sayD. what the teacher said6. Could you advise me _?A. which book should I read firstB. what book should I read firstC. that book 1 should read firstD. which book I should read first7. He was criticized for _.A. he had done itB. what he had done C. what had he done D. that he had done it8. Would you kindly tell me _?A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway StationB. how I can get to the Beijing Railway StationC. where can I get to the Beijing Railway StationD. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _.A. what had she seen in ChinaB. that she had seen in ChinaC. what she had seen in ChinaD. which had she seen in China10. We took it for granted _A. that they were not comingB. that were they not comingC. they were coming notD. were they not coining11. I really dont know _A. I should do nextB. what should I do nextC. what I should do nextD. how I should do next12. Im afraid _.A. the little girl will have to be operated onB. that will the little girl have to operate onC. the little girl will have to operate onD. that will the little girl have to be operated on13. She walked up to _ .A. where did I stand B. where I stood C. I stood there D. where I stood there14. Can you tell me _?A. who is that gentlemanB. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentlemenan isD. whom .is that gentleman15. Well give you _.A. that do you needB. what do you needC. whatever you needD. whether do you need16. They want us to know _ to help us.A. what can they B. what they canC. how they can D. how can they17. We must put _ into practice.A. what we have learnedB. that we have learnedC. that have we learnedD. what have we learned18. Did she say anything about _?A. that the work was to be doneB. how was the work to be doneC. that was the work to be doneD. how the work was to be done19. He was never satisfi ed with _.A. what she had achievedB. had what she achievedC. she had achievedD. that she achieved20. These photographs will show you _.A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look likeD. how our village looks like名词性从句一、1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句二、1. which; 2. why; 3. how; 4. What; 5. that; 6. when, where; 7. who(m); 8. what; 9. where; 10. whether三、15 DBABD 610 DBBCA 1115 CABCC 1620 BADAB精编陷阱题训练 1. They lost their way in the forest, and _ made matters worse was that night began to fall. A. it B. which C. that D. what 2. Patience is a kind of quality and that is _A_ it takes to do anything well. A. what B. which C. which D. how 3. It has come to my notice _ some of you have missed classes. A. what B. which C. that D. when 4. “What were you trying to prove to the police？” “_ I was last night.” A. That B. When C. Where D. What 5. Country life gives him peace and quiet, which is _ he cant enjoy while living in big cities. A. that B. why C. where D. what 6. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how 7. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 8. _ we are doing has never been done before. A. That B. What C. Which D. Whether 9. People have heard _ the President has said; they are waiting to see _ he will do. A. how, how B. what, what C. when, how D. that, what 10. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule： Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants. A. what B. which C. when D. that 11. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 12. _ she was invited to the ball made her very happy. A. What B. That C. When D. Because 13. Eat _ cake you like and leave the others for _ comes in late. A. any, who B. every, whoever C. whichever, whoever D. either, whoever 14. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Thats because 15. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. AnyoneD. Whoever 16. _ medicine works in a human body is a question _ not everyone can understand fully. A. How; that B. That; whichC. That; which D. What; that答案与解析1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.APeriod4 writingTeaching goals Help the Ss learn how to Description of a placeTeaching important and difficult points Help the Ss to master the useful expressions and learn to use them to Description of a place Emotion goals : arouse their interest in writingTeaching methods Discussing, guided writing and speaking. Teaching aids: the multimedia and learning -paperTeaching procedures & ways I.写作注意事项1选择合适的视角和最佳的描写顺序。2选择最主要的细节，着力描写突出的特征。3.使用具体细节词，描写多种感官印象，力图使读者有身临其境的感觉。II.文章结构：1.开头：简要说明你要描写的地方或建筑等2.主体：细节描写3.结尾：对此地的感觉、感想及推荐III.地点描写常用表达：一、地理位置 be situated located in/on/to be/lie in/on/to+ 方向 be/lie off +地点，常为海岸等(常指水中岛屿等，意“相隔、相离”) lie/be on the river/ coast of (在河畔或海滨) There stands (使屹立) be surrounded by/with e.g. Guangdong lies on the south of Human.Many islands lie off Chinas east coast.London lies on the River Thames. There stands an old temple on the top of the mountain. The city is surrounded by suburbs.二、占地面积 某地 + covers an area of . 某地占地面积。 某地 + takes up + . 某地 + is + 数词 + long and +数词 + wide. 某地多长多宽。The small town covers an area of 5 square miles. Xingjiang takes up about one-sixth of our territory.The garden is 30 metres long and 20 metres wide. 常用度量单位：inch英寸，foot英尺, mile英里， millimetre 毫米，centimetre厘米, metre米, kilometers公里, square metres平方米, square kilometres 平方公里。三、人口状况某地 + has a large/small population.某地 + has a population of + 数词。 The population of + 地名+ is + 数词。数词+ percent of the population are . 。This city has a population of more than 1,000,000. The rural population of the county is 400,000.Eighty percent of the population here are farmers. 四、历史背景 某地 + has a long history of . years. 某地 + is a . place/ country with. history. 某地是具有年历史的地方/国家。 某地
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