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111Module 3Body Language and Nonverbal Communication 基础自主回顾.课标单词1_攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的(adj.)2_协议；交易(n.)3_包括(vt.)4_张开(vi.)5_凝视；盯着看(vi.)6_恐慌；惊慌(v.)7_请求；要求(n.)8_恩惠；善意的行为(n.)9_现场的(adj.)10_延长(vt.)aggressivedealinvolvespreadstarepanicrequestfavourliveprolong11_交流；沟通(n.)_(vi.)12_无意的；不知不觉的(adj.)_(反义词)_意识(n.)13_变化(vi.)_种类(n.)_各种各样的(adj.)14_正式的(adj.)_(反义词)15_判断；意见(n.)_(v.)16_平等(n.)_(adj.)17_有感染性的(adj.)_(vt.)_(n.)communicationcommunicateunconsciousconsciousconsciousnessvaryvarietyvariousformalinformaljudgementjudgeequalityequalinfectiousinfectinfection.常用短语1_和某人交流2_从到变化3_忙于某事/做某事4_暴露(自己的情况)5_把加到6_(保持)警惕7_达成协议；做成交易communicate with sb.vary from. to.be busy with/ doing sth.give awayadd. to.on guardmake a deal8_举起9_向问好10_打开(灯、无线电等)11_发出噪音12_偶然地13_盯，凝视14_举起15_一上一下地hold upsay hello toswitch onmake a noiseby accidentstare atlift upup and down.重点句型1Perhaps _ I think.也许比我想的要多。答案：more than2. we are on guard _ we know it is safe to relax.我们会保持警觉，直到知道安全的时候才放松。答案：until3Body language _ anyone _.每个人学起身势语来都是非常入迷。答案：is fascinating for; to study4In Russia you should make a toast _ you take a sip from your glass.在俄国，你每一次从你的杯子里抿一小口时，都要祝酒干杯。答案：every time.模块语法1The WTO can not live up to its name _ it doesnt include a country thats home to one fifth of mankind.A. as long as B. whileC. if D. even though答案：C2_ you work hard, you will succeed sooner or later.A. As long as B. As soon asC. As far as D. As much as答案：A3_ you decided to take up, you should try to succeed.A. If only B. UnlessC. Whenever D. Whatever答案：C4They had not known each other three days _ they began to quarrel.A. after B. untilC. when D. before答案：C5Ill come _ Mary is invited, too.A. on condition that B. even thoughC. in case D. no matter when答案：A6Dad, Ive finished my assignment.Good, and _ you play or watch TV, you mustnt disturb me.A. whenever B. whetherC. whatever D. no matter答案：B7Roses need special care _ they can live through winter.A. because B. so thatC. even if D. as答案：B考点探究解密考 点 解 读1communicate vt.传达；传送；交流；交际精讲拓展：communicate with sb.与某人联络communicate sth.to sb.传达，传播，传染communication n通讯；交流be in communication with与保持联系communicative adj.无隐讳交谈的，爱说话的误区警示：communication作“通讯，通信”讲时，为不可数名词；作“信息”讲时，为可数名词，表“交通方式”常用复数。Radio is the only means of communication in remote areas.边远地区唯一的通讯工具就是无线电。I received a communication from our chairman.我收到了一条主席发来的信息。朗文在线：A baby communicates its needs by crying.婴儿用哭声来表达需要。He learnt how to use sign language to communicate with deaf customers.他学会了用手语与失聪的顾客交谈。Good communication is vital in a large organization.在一个庞大组织中良好的沟通是极为重要的。命题方向：communicate with短语是重要考点。活学巧练：English can help _ people and make the stay in a foreign country easy and comfortable.Aagree withBcommunicate withCcommunicate to Dwrite to答案与解析：B由上下语境可知，英语可帮着人们互相交流；故答案为B。A为“同意”；D为“写信给”，均不符合语境。2vary vt.改变，使多样化vi.变化；不同I try to vary my work as much as possible so I dont get bored.various adj.不同的，许多的variation n变化，变种variable adj.可变的，易变的variety n品种，多样化vary from与不同a variety/varieties of多样的注意：differ强调某些方面的质或性质的不同性，常见句型为：A differs from B；A differs among Bs.vary强调某些方面的变化性，如外形、形态等因某种缘故发生了变化。常见句型为：A varies with B；A varies from B to C.当强调不同性时，vary和differ可以互换。朗文在线：Teaching methods vary greatly from school to school.各个学校的教学方法大不相同。My doctor said I should vary my diet more.医生说我应该使日常饮食更为多样化。活学巧练：用适当的介词填空(1)Id like to have variety _ my life.(2)Prices vary _ the seasons.(3)Opinions vary _ this point.(4)Her mood varied _ optimism _ extreme depression.inwithonfromto(5)More and more people choose to shop in the supermarket，for they are especially interested in the _ of goods on offer.Aprice BvarietyCvalue Damount答案与解析：B从上下语境不难看出，人们喜欢在超市购物，是因为有各种各样的货物。在四个选项中只有B项符合句意。 3involve v包括，涉及，使参与精讲拓展：involve sb. in sth.把某人牵扯到某事里面involve sb. in doing sth.使某人参与干某事involve with和混在一起，和有密切联系involve (sb.) doing sth.包括(让某人)干某事；需要(某人)干某事be involved in 卷入，参与be involved in doing sth.一心一意做某事误区警示：involve表示“包括”时其后可直接接ing作宾语， 但表示“某人参与干某事”常是involve sb.in后接ing形式。朗文在线：Every day each of us makes decisions that involve taking a chance.每天我们每个人作出的决定都包含碰运气的成分。These changes will involve everyone on the staff.这些变化将涉及每一位职员。Most people dont realize the amount of effort that is involved in writing a novel.大多数人都不明白写一本小说要花多少心血。命题方向：involve sb.in (doing) sth.是重要考点。活学巧练：The person you referred to at the meeting _ the accident that happened last night.Ainvolved in Binvolved withCgot involved in Dgot involved with答案与解析：Cbe/get involved in sth.“卷入，与某事有关”；be/get involved with sb.“与某人有关”。所以根据语法只有C项对。4request n请求，要求v.请求，要求精讲拓展：be in request有需求at the request of sb.at sb.s request应某人之请求/要求by request (of sb.)按(某人的)要求，应(某人的)要求on request一经要求，应要求request sb.to do sth.请求某人干某事request that.误区警示：request后接that从句时，从句中谓语动词需用虚拟语气形式即(should)动词原形。朗文在线：They have made an urgent request for international aid.他们紧急要求国际援助。Further detail will be sent on request.详情承索即寄。The staff immediately requested that he reconsider his decision.员工立即要求他重新考虑他的决定。词语辨析：demand，require与requestdemand一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求，或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求。require强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求。request正式用词，指非常正式、有礼貌的请求或恳求，多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。后面跟宾语从句时，从句后谓语都要用虚拟语气，即should加动词原形或直接用动词原形。require表“需要”之意时，后可接动词不定式或动名词。接动词不定式时，应该用不定式的被动形式，接动名词时，用动名词的主动形式(表示被动意义)。命题方向：request sb.to do sth.及request后接that从句时用虚拟语气是常考点。活学巧练：We all request that the discussion _.Aput off Bputting offCis put off Dbe put off答案与解析：Drequest后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。5perform v上演(戏)；扮演(角色)；演奏(乐曲)；完成，实行，履行；(机械等)运转精讲拓展：perform the play演戏perform a part in a play在剧中扮演一个角色perform an operation进行手术performance n执行，履行；表演，扮演；表现give/put on a performance演出，表演误区警示：perform意为“上演，扮演；履行，实行”时作及物动词；意为“演奏(乐曲)；运转”时，作不及物动词。如：He is performing on the flute.他正在吹奏长笛。The engine seems to be performing well.发动机似乎运转正常。朗文在线：Ive never seen “Othello” performed so brilliantly.我从未看过奥赛罗这出戏表演得如此精彩。The orchestra will give two more performances this week.这个管弦乐队本周将加演两场。命题方向：perform表示“上演，扮演”时常是重要考点且多以非谓语动词的形式进行考查。活学巧练：(1)The young doctor _ the heart operation for a patient.(2)These students will _ an opera next Friday.(3)The company has been _ poorly over the last year.(4)The doctor is _ the patients leg.(5)She _ an important role in our organization.(6)那位医生决定动手术挽救他的生命。_(7)一个人应始终履行自己的诺言。_performedperformperformedperforming onperformsThe doctor decided to perform an operation to save his life.One should always perform his/ her promise.6favour(favor) n帮助，恩惠，赞成，支持，关心v赞成，照顾精讲拓展：do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb.帮某人忙ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙win sb.s favour得到in favour of赞成；支持；有利于favour the new plan赞成新计划favour sb./sth.偏爱；偏袒某人；便于，利于favour sb. with sth.为某人做某事/应某人要求做某事favourable adj.好意的；赞成的；有利的a favourable wind顺风a favourable answer满意的答复误区警示：Do me/us a favour！在口语中往往是回答认为愚蠢的问题，意为“得了吧！”，而do sb. a favour在疑问句表示“请求别人的帮忙”的客气表达。朗文在线：Could you do me a favour and turn off that light?劳您的驾，请把那盏灯关掉好吗？Do us a favour, Mike, and shut up!拜托你，迈克，别再说了！Are you in favour of the death penalty?你赞同死刑吗？The president is believed to favour further tax cuts.大家认为总统将支持进一步减税。命题方向：in favour of, do sb. a favour两短语在具体语境中的运用是常考点。活学巧练：Youre really very kind, Ill never forget the _ you have done for me.Afavour BdeedChelp Dkind答案与解析：A本题考查do sb a favour的变体。7give away泄露(秘密)；暴露；让步；赠送精讲拓展：give back归还；送回；使恢复give forth发出(声音，气味等)；发表，公布give in屈服，投降，退让give off发出气味、光、热、声音等give oneself to专心于，迷恋于；沾染(恶习等)give out用完，用尽；分发give up放弃；不再做(某事)误区警示：give away中away是副词，若接代词作宾语时，需将代词放于give之后。朗文在线：He gave away immense amounts of money to charity.他把大笔大笔的钱捐给了慈善机构。I was afraid the kids would give the whole thing away.恐怕孩子们会把这整件事说出去。The goalkeeper gave away two goals.守门员白白丢了两个球。命题方向：give away常与give out，give off及give in以词义辨析的形式出现。活学巧练：用give in, give up, give out, give away填空(1)The brave soldier preferred dying to _ _.(2)After a month，our food supplies _ _.(3)Smoking is bad for your health.Yes, I know. But I can t simply _it _.(4)Her face_ her _ when she told a lie.givingingaveoutgive.upgave.away8hold up举起，抬起；阻碍；使停顿；支撑hold back缩回；阻止；隐瞒；抑制hold in抑制(感情等)hold out伸出；提供；坚持；维持hold down阻止(某人)，制止；限制hold on to抓紧；不放开；保住(优势)；不送(或不卖)某物hold on等着；停住；坚持住；等一下(别挂断)朗文在线：The building work has been held up by bad weather.由于天气不好，建筑工程被耽搁下来了。The roof is held up by pillars.屋顶是由柱子支撑着的。The water wont hold out much longer.水维持不了多久。活学巧练：What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has been _？A. given out B. held upC. run out D. used up答案与解析：D句意：当世界的原油用光时，我们将用什么来提供动力呢？give out用完，run out用尽，都为不及物动词短语，hold up阻碍，停顿，不合句意。use up为及物动词短语，意为“用完”。9语法1：条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的连词或词组：if, suppose, supposing (that), provided, providing (that), on condition that(如果，假若)；unless(除非)；so/as long as(只要)；in case(万一)。在条件状语从句中，要用一般时态代替将来时(和时间状语从句相同)。You will miss the train if you dont hurry.You would miss the train if you didnt hurry.你要不快点，就会误了火车。will表示“愿意”时，是情态动词，可用于条件状语从句。If you will go, please tell me.如果你愿意去的话，请告诉我。(1)unless在意义上等于if.not，但比if语气更强。You will fail unless you study hard.(You will fail if you do not study hard.)除非你努力学习，否则你要失败。if可用于虚拟语气，unless不用于虚拟语气。(2)suppose和supposing (that)相当于if。 (3)provided, providing that, on condition that, so/as long as相当于only if。As long as(Only if)you dont lose heart, you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。(4)in caseDo tell us in case you have any trouble.万一有什么困难，一定告诉我们。in case引导目的状语从句时也可用should表示可能性小些。语法2：让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词和词组：although, though(虽然)；even if/though(即使)；as, while(尽管)；whether.or(不论还是)；whoever, no matter who(无论谁)；whenever, no matter when(无论何时)；however, no matter how(无论怎样)；whatever, no matter what(无论什么)等。(1)although和though都表示“虽然”，但although比though正式，更多用于句首；二者都可与yet, still，或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。He didnt stop working though(或although) he was ill.他虽然病了，但未停止工作。 (2)as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序，可用though代替，但比though语气强，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语和动词原形。Child as(或though) he is, he knows a lot.(表语；名词)他虽然是个孩子，但懂得很多。当表语是可数名词的单数时，不能加不定冠词a(或an)。Good as he is, he will never be top of his class.(表语；形容词)他虽然很好，但他决不会成为班上的尖子。Hard as(或though) he works, he makes little progress.(状语；副词)虽然他工作很努力，但却几乎没有进步。Try as(或though) he might, he could not find a job.(谓语；动词原形)不管他怎样努力，他还是找不到工作。(3)while有时可引导让步状语从句，但一般要位于句首。While I like the colour, I dont like the shape.我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。 (4)whatever(或whenever.)和no matter what(或when.)二者都可引导让步状语从句，但前者有时还可引导主语从句和宾语从句等，后者却不行。Whatever(No matter what)you say, I wont believe you.(状语从句)不管你说什么，我决不相信你的话。活学巧练：(1)No matter _ he is able to come to the party, we will invite him.AwhenBwhetherCwhat Dwhich答案：B(2)We wont keep winning games _ we keep playing well.Abecause BunlessCwhen Dwhile答案：B(3)In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.Awhether BuntilCif Dunless答案：C (4)This is a very interesting book, Ill buy it, _.Ahow much may it costBno matter how it may costChowever much it may costDhow may it cost答案：C(5)_， he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.AA quiet student as he may beBQuiet student as he may beCBe a quiet student as he mayDQuiet as he may be a student答案：B 考 题 演 练1.The medicine works more effectively _ you drink some hot water after taking it.A. as B. untilC. although D. if答案与解析：D本题考查状语从句引导词的用法。做此类题目时要弄清句意才可做出判断。句意：吃了这种药之后，如果你再喝些热水，那么它会更起作用。分析两个句子可知后者是前者的条件。2With the world changing fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day.A. deal B. dealtC. to deal D. dealing答案与解析：C本题考查have的固定词组。熟练掌握它们的用法是做题的关键。句意：随着世界快速变化，每天我们都有些新东西要自行处理。由句意知：表示“有要做”要用have. to do。3Unsatisfied _ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.A. though was he B. though he wasC. he was though D. was he though答案与解析：B本题考查倒装。要注意though, as, although引导让步状语从句时的倒装。句意：他尽管对报酬不满意，但为了得到一些工作经验他还是接受了那份工作。though引导从句时，可用倒装也可不用，而本句中形容词提到了句首，为倒装形式，语序为：adj./adv./n./动词原形though主语谓语，故选B。4During the war there was a serious lack of food. It was not unusual that even the wealthy families had to _ bread for days.A. eat up B. B. give awayC. do without D. deal with答案与解析：C本题考查动词短语在具体语境中的辨析应用。eat up吃光，吃完；give away捐赠；分发；失去；泄露；do without用作及物动词短语时，意为“没有也行；没有而将就”；用作不及物动词短语时，意为“将就；凑合着过”。如：The store hasnt any bread, so youll have to do without.这个商店里没有面包了，你只好将就一下了。deal with处理；对付。由句中的a serious lack of food可知do without符合句意。5_ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.A. Although B. As long asC. If only D. As soon as答案与解析：A本题考查状语从句的引导词。此类题目要注意分析前后句的逻辑意义，同时要熟记各类状语从句的引导词及其用法。本题句意应为：尽管警察认为他最有可能，但是由于没有确凿的证据，他们不能逮捕他。表示让步用although。as long as表示条件，意为“只要”；if only表示条件，意为“要是就好了”，引出虚拟句；as soon as表示时间，意为“一就”。6Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students _ financial aid.A. in favour of B. in honour ofC. in face of D. in need of答案与解析：D本题考查介词短语辨析。句意：许多中国大学向那些需要经济帮助的学生提供奖学金。in favour of支持；in honour of为了纪念；in face of面对；in need of需要。7I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face _ day like that.A. other B. anotherC. the other D. others答案与解析：B本题考查与other相关的单词的区别。句意：我昨天一整天感到很糟糕，以至于我今天早晨决定我不会面对那样的一天。是指在未来的日子中的一天，故用another。8As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _， and asked myself what I was going to do.A. moved B. movingC. to move D. being moved答案与解析：B此题考查非谓语动词中现在分词的应用，句中not moving “不动”，作状语，说明“I”在stood for a moment的同时伴随的动作，move的发出者是“I”，与“I”是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式。Module 3Body Language andNonverbal Communication.根据句意，用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空communicatefavourperformanceon guardgive awayadd.toinvolvestaremake a dealformal1It was a huge case and many officials _ in it.答案：were/got involved2Lets _ that when faced with difficulty, show our hands.答案：make a deal3He wanted to keep it a secret, but his look _ him _.答案：gave.away4“Why dont you hurry up？”， the boss shouted, _ at the workers.答案：staring5The play, when _ properly, can encourage the students to study hard.答案：performed6We may not realise it. When _ with others, people often use gestures.答案：communicating7Thanks for the _ youve done us.答案：favour8With so many soldiers _， there is no need to worry about our safety.答案：on guard9The heavy rain _ the difficulty to rescue the people in the earthquake.答案：added to10You neednt be so_with me.答案：formal.单项填空1The music _ by the famous band is diverse and exciting.No matter how frequently _，the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.AperformedBperformingCto be performed Dbeing performed答案与解析：A动词perform与music之间形成被动关系。2_ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.AHowever BWhateverCNo matter DAlthough答案与解析：A因为空格后出现了副词well，且本题句意为“无论你准备得多好，在登山中你仍需要一些运气”，故空格处应表示让步，用however或no matter how。3If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him _ during the day.Aaway BupCin Dback答案与解析：A句意：如果一个人没有睡够觉的话，那么在白天他的行为就会表露出来。give away“赠送；泄露；表露”；give up“放弃”；give in“屈服；让步”；give back“返还；归还”。4Smoking is bad for your health.Yes，I know. But I simply cant _.Agive it up Bgive it inCgive it out Dgive it away答案与解析：A此题考查短语动词的用法。give up意为“戒掉”，符合题意。5Water _into steam if it is heated to its boiling point.Ais going to be turned Bwill be turnedChas been turned Dis being turned答案与解析：Bwill be表示客观上的将来；be going to 表示人的打算。6Is Nancy living here?Yes，she _here in the past four weeks.A. lived B. livesC. is living D. has been living答案与解析：D本题考查现在完成时的用法。根据句意可判断“她住在这儿”这种情况从过去一直延续到现在，故答案是D项。7We can communicate _people in every part of the world _the Internet.Awith; with Bwith; throughCthrough; through Dthrough; with答案与解析：Bcommunicate with sb.“同某人交流”。through为介词“通过”。8Parents are taught to understand _important education is to their childrens future.Athat BhowCsuch Dso答案与解析：B题干中的“_important education is to their childrens future”应该理解为enducation 作主语，important 是表语，to their childrens future是状语，故空格应为how 修饰important。9He _and ran as fast as he could to safety.Apaniced BpanickedCto panic Dpanicking答案与解析：B句中的and是并列连词，因此空格处应该用panic的过去式panicked.10In the international business situations，there will be many occasions _ there will be differences in the meanings of words.Athat BwhileCon which Dwhy答案与解析：Con which指代on many occasion，引导定语从句。11(2008山东济南模拟)Honesty is a kind of quality and thats what it takes to _ with others successfully.Asay BreportCcommunicate Dtell答案与解析：C句意为“诚实是一种品质，与别人成功交流需要它”。communicate“交流，沟通”。12(2008华师一附中模拟)I know this is the latest type but its secondhand.$20thats my last offer.OK.its a(n)_Abusiness BtradeCagreement Ddeal答案与解析：D考查deal的用法。这是一个习语，意思是“就这么办，一言为定”。13(2007山西太原调研)The young man _ his wet clothes on the grass to dry them in the sun.Asettled BhungCspread Dopened答案与解析：C由后面的on the grass可知应是“把湿衣服展开放在草坪上晾晒”。14Why didnt you tell me what had happened to you，Ann?_，but I was afraid that you would worry.AI hope so BI wouldCNo necessary DI meant to答案与解析：D从连词but可知分句前后用转折关系，故I meant to(我本来打算告诉你的)符合语境，其后省略了tell you。.翻译句子1尽管这些很重要，但我们并不只是通过口头和书面语言交流。(communicate with)_答案：Although these are very important, we communicate with each other more than just spoken and written words.2和别的动物一样，除非我们感觉到很安全才会放松，否则将一直处于戒备状态。(on guard)_答案：Like other animals，we are on guard until we know it is safe to relax.3如果我们的右手忙着和别人打招呼，就不可能握有武器了。(be busy doing)_答案：If our right hand is busy greeting someone，it cannot be holding a weapon.4If the same two persons meet again by chance，even years later，they pick up the friendship where it left off and are delighted._答案：如果两个人又偶然相遇，哪怕是在数年以后，他们中断的友谊仍可重新开始，而且两人都会为此感到极为高兴。5Apart from flowers，on the third Sunday in June each year，all the fathers are still given presents，treated to dinner or otherwise made to feel special._
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