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111高二英语 外研版 必修5 模块 3 Grammar语法项目： 直接引语转换成间接引语的规则引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，叫作直接引语， 用自己的语言转述别人的话，叫作间接引语。 直接引语用引号标出，而间接引语不需要引号。直接引语为陈述句。一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，和祈使句，转换成间接引语时， 句子的结构，人称，时态， 时间状语和地点状语都有变化。1 人称的转变直接引语转化成间接引语时，人称要根据情况作必要的变化。She said , “I am very sorry.”- She said that she was very sorry. “ You should be more careful next time,” my father told me. - My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. He said to his son, “Ill check your homework tonight.”- He said to his son that he would check his homework that night.2. 时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时， 主句的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作出相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求）。时态的变化例句直接引语中的时态转换成间接引语后的时态直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时He said, “ I am afraid I cant go.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt go.现在进行时过去进行时He said, “I am reading now.”He aid that he was reading then.现在完成时过去完成时He said, “I have not heard from her since July” He said that he had not heard from her since July. 一般过去时过去完成时“Why did he refuse to go there?” the teacher asked.The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.一般将来时过去将来时He asked the conductor, Where shall I get off to change a No.3 bus?”He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No.3 bus.过去完成时不变Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?”Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.过去进行时不变Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.3.时间状语，地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词的变化。时间状语电、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词的变化例句直接引语中转换成间接引语直接引语间接引语直接引语thisthatHe said, “Ill come this evening.”He said that he would go that evening.these thoseShe said, “These books belong too me.”She said that those books belonged to me.nowthen He said, “Its time to go now.”He said that it was time to go than.todaythat dayHe said. “ I have had two meetings today.”He said that he had had two meetings today.yesterdaythe day beforeHe said, “ I went there yesterday.”He said that he had gone there the day before. lastthebeforeHe said, “ I saw her last week.”He said that he had seen her the week before.tomorrowthe next dayHe said, “ I will go there tomorrow.” He said that he would go there the next day.herethereHe said, “ I was here three days ago.”He said that he had been there three days before.bringtakeHe said, “I will bring my son here next time.”He said that he woul take his son there the next time.come goHe said, “ I will come this afternoon.”He said that he would go that afternoon.4 直接引语变成间接引语时， 从句时态无须改变的情况。1）直接引语表述的是客观事实。科学真理和格言时， 例如：The teacher said “ The earth moves round the sun.” - The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.He said, “ Practice makes perfect.” - He said that practice makes perfect. 2) 主句的时态是一般现在时、现在进行时或一般将来时时。例如：He often says, “ I will never forget you.” - He often says he will never forget me. He will say, “ I have done my best.”- He will say that he has done his best. 3) 在同一时间范围内转述别人的话，且直接引语中含有明确的表示过去的时间状语时。例如：Li Ping said to me,“ I was late for school yesterday.”- Li Ping told me that she was late for school yesterday.(转述时间仍在当天)Tom: I have been there before.Lily : What did Tom say?Jin: Tom said that he has been there before. 4) 直接引语中含有when, since, while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句，变间接引语时，从句的时态不便，例如“ She said , “I went there when I was six years old.”- She said she had gone there when she was six years old. 5) 直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时， 例如：He said , “I went to college in 1994. ” - He told us that he went to college in 1994. 6) 直接引语中有以when, while 引导的从句， 表示过去的时间时。例如：He said , “ When I was a child , I usually played football after school. - He said when he was a child, he usually played football after school.7) 直接引语的谓语中含有would, should, might, must. used to, ought to, had better 等动词时， 例如：She said , “ We should help each other.” - She said we should help each other. 5. 间接引语的命令，请求，劝告直接命令， He said, “ Sit down, Tom.”间接命令。 He told Tom to sit down.间接命令，请求及劝告的常用句式为：“ 表示命令，请求，劝告的动词+宾语+不定式”。根据语境，可选用下列动词：advise, ask, invite, beg, implore, command, encourage, treat, forbid, order, recommend, remind, request, tell. urge, warm ,etc. He said,“ Get your coat, Tom!” He told Tom to get his coat. “ You had better hurry, Bill!” She said.She advised Bill to hurry. 2) 否定意义的命令， 请求等通常用not+ 不定式转述。“ Dont play in the street, boys.” I said.I warned /told the boys not to play in the street. “ Dont play in the street, boys,” I said. - I warned /told the boys not to play in the street. 3) 表示间接命令、请求及劝告：表示要求和忠告可用于多种方法来表示。如： “ If I were you, Id stop talking that medicine.” I said.- I advised him to stop taking that medicine.“ Why dont you take off your coat?” He said. - He advised me to take off my coat. “ Would/Could you show me your passport, please?” He said. - He asked me to show him my passport. -He asked to see my passport. “ You might post some letters for me,” said my boss.- My boss asked me to post some letters for him. 111
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