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111Period 3Grammar; Function 整体设计教材分析Grammar in this part is the infinitive of purpose and adverbial clause of result. In function well practice how to express results. Grammar is made up of two parts, grammar 1 and grammar 2. Grammar 1 is about the infinitive of purpose, in which there are three activities. Three uses of the infinitive are listed in activity 1, and match the uses of the word it with the four sentences given. In the following activities 2 and 3, the students will learn to practice the use of in order(not)to and so as (not)to. In grammar 2, the students will learn adverbial clause of result and the use of so and such. Now its a chance for the teacher to summarize the use of the two words. In function, words and phrases showing results, such as so, as a result (of)will be talked about. Two activities are designed to practice the uses of these words. 三维目标1. 知识与技能1)Make the students learn to sum up grammatical rules themselves.2)Make sure the students master the grammatical items.3)Make sure the students can use the grammatical items properly.2. 过程与方法1)Individual work and pair work to make every student work in class.2)Explanations to make sure the students master the grammar and function.3. 情感与价值Through the study of this period the students will surely clearly know how to express results by using the infinitive and adverbial clauses. After the study of this part, the students can tell apart so and such. 教学重点1. Explain how to express results.2. Train the students to sum up some grammatical rules.3. Improve the students ability to use grammar correctly. 教学难点1. How to use the infinitive of purpose.2. Tell apart so and such.3. Make sure the students can express results freely. 教学过程Step 1 Revision1. Greet the students as usual.2. Ask a few students to retell the story of Adam Rouse. Step 2 Grammar 11. Activity 1Three uses of the word to are listed in this activity. Match them with the sentences provided after them.Show the following on the screen.A. To indicates arrangement.B. To indicates purpose.C. To follows certain verbs. 1 I stole something every day to pay for the drugs.2 Mr Wang is to meet us this afternoon.3 He told me to take them to a shop in a nearby street.4 I continued to buy cannabis from the same man for about six months. Read through the four sentences and make sure the students know the meaning of each sentence. Choose the use for the word to individually. Then check the answers from the whole class. Suggested answers:1 B2 A3 C4C2. Activity 2Look at the two sentences, making sure they understand the meaning of in order to and so as to. Show the following on the screen.How many of them break the law in order to pay for their drugs?Adam went to the man so as to buy cannabis. They are both used to indicate purpose and have the same meaning and interchangeable, but so as to is not usually placed at the beginning of the sentence.Now complete the sentences. Use in order to and so as to.Show the following on the screen.1. He broke into a house _.2. A lot of people visit the center _.3. Drug users have to steal things _.4. The government is starting an advertising campaign _. Ask the students to finish the sentences by using the phrases given. Then share their sentences with their partners. After that, the teacher can collect the answers in a whole-class setting. The answers can be various.3. Activity 3Read through the two sentences.Show the following on the screen.I took the doctors advice in order not to continue taking drugs.I refused to take the drugs so as not to become addicted. The teacher points out that the two phrases in order not to and so as not to are the negative form of in order to and so as to. They are also interchangeable.Now complete the following sentences with so as (not)to or in order (not)to.Show the following on the screen.1. She stopped smoking_ be fit.2. He read the article about cocaine _ learn about the problem.3. The government put up the price of cigarette _ stop people buying them.4. The police went to the house_ arrest the drug dealer.5. She doesnt go out with people who smoke_ start smoking again. Ask the students finish the sentences individually. Then collect the answers in the whole-class setting. If one student gives one answer, ask another students to finish the blank with the other phrase.Suggested answers:1. in order to/so as to2. in order to/so as to3. in order to/so as to4. in order to/so as to5. in order not to/so as not toStep 3 Grammar 21. Activity 1Ask the students to read these sentences attentively and answer the questions after them. Show the following on the screen.1. Taking drugs is so dangerous!2. They are behaving so badly!3. Adam was such an unhappy boy!4. Some people feel so nervous that they call the police.5. It was such a dangerous drug that he nearly died.6. It was such loud music that we couldnt hear ourselves speak. Now answer the questions.1. What kind of words follow so?2. What kind of words follow such? Suggested answers:1 after so: dangerous/badly/nervous (adjective/adverb)2 after such: an unhappy boy/a dangerous drug/loud music (indefinite article+adjective+noun, where the noun is countable, or no article where it is uncountable)2. Activity 2Now complete these sentences with so or such (a).Show the following on the screen.1 The drug was_ dangerous that _.2 Cocaine is_ expensive that _.3 They were_ addictive drugs that _.4 Adam was_ unhappy that _.5 The drug user was shouting_ loudly that the police arrested him_.6 Drug dealers are_ dangerous persons that people are afraid of them. Suggested answers:These are possible answers.1 so, he became very ill2 so, addicts steal to get money to buy it3 such, one couldnt stop suing them once he/she started4 so, he went to see a doctor/he refused to have lunch5 so6 suchStep 4 Function1. Read the following sentences.(Show the following on the screen. )1 The doctor told Adam that he could die if he didnt stop taking crack cocaine, so Adam took the doctors advice and stopped immediately.2 About 21 million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking.3 As a result, cocaine users sometimes have heart attacks. 2. Now complete the sentences with so, as a result or as a result of.(Show the following on the screen. )1 Adam knew that taking drugs was bad, _he stopped.2 He stopped taking drugs _meeting the doctor.3 Adam met a doctor who explained the problem. _, he stopped taking cocaine.4 Crack cocaine is very addictive, _users cannot easily stop using it.5 He was extremely ill _taking crack cocaine.6 He became addicted to crack cocaine, _ he became very ill. Suggested answers: 1 so2 as a result of3 As a result4 so5 as a result of6 soStep 5 Summary and HomeworkThe teacher summarizes the contents of this period. They mainly learned the use of the infinitive of purpose and the adverbial clause of result, knowing how to use so and such, as well as, as a result or as a result of. Finally their homework is assigneddo Exercises 1 to 4 in the workbook. 板书设计Module 2No drugsPeriod 3Grammarin order (not)toso as (not)toso vs suchso + adv.so + adj. + a/an + n.so + many/much/few/little(少)+ n.such + a/an +adj. +n.such + adj. +n. (u. )such + adj. +n. (pl. )Functionso/as a result/as a result of活动与探究Refer to some reference book for more grammatical knowledge about the infinitive and adverbial clauses. If they like to, they can have a quiz. 备课资料动词不定式作目的状语的用法英语中的动词不定式具有副词的功能，可以在句子中作状语，表示多种意义。在这里就动词不定式作目的状语进行单独讨论。一、不定式和不定式短语作目的状语不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在前面加 in order to 或 so as to。例如: Ive written it down in order not to forget.He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语，表示的是主语的目的，因此，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。比较: To draw maps properly, you need a special pen. (正)To draw maps properly, a special pen is needed. (误)由 in order to 引导的目的状语，既可以置于句尾，也可以置于句首，而由 so as to 引导的目的状语，只能置于句尾，而不能置于句首。比较: They started early in order to get there in time. (正)In order to get there in time, they started early. (正)They started early so as to get there in time. (正)So as to get there in time, they started early. (误)二、不定式的复合结构作目的状语当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时，要用不定式的复合结构(即在不定式或不定式短语之前加 for + 名词或宾格代词)作状语。例如: He opened the door for the children to come in.She fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect.目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如: You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest)he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.结果状语从句结果状语从句常由so. . . that或such. . . that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so和such与其后的词的搭配规律。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much，little连用，形成固定搭配。so nice a flowersuch a nice flowerso many/few flowerssuch nice flowersso much/little moneysuch rapid progressso many peoplesuch a lot of peopleso. . . that与such. . . that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school目的状语从句与不定式的转换英语中的目的状语从句，还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语，从而使句子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况: 1. 当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。例如: Well start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time.Well start early in order to/so as to arrive in time.2. 当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。例如: I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting.I came early (in order)for you to read my report before the meeting.111
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