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111Welcome to the unitUseful words111dust catcher吸尘器flatiron flt,ain熨斗electric rice cooker电锅electromagnetic oven电磁炉electronic calculator计算器electric fan电风扇hair dryer干发器gramophone留声机radiation辐射antennaenten天线Useful phrasesbe invented to meet peoples needs为满足民众的需求而被发明improve peoples lives to some degree在一定程度上改善了人民的生活Language Points1. Technological developments in the last few decades have been breathtaking.breathtakingadj. very impressive, exciting, or surprisinga breathtaking car race 惊险的汽车比赛the breathtaking natural beauty / scenery of the rainforests 热带雨林令人惊叹的自然美景2. Early TV was in black and white and had fuzzy pictures.fuzzyadj. unclear; covered with soft short hair/fur失真的; 模糊的a few fuzzy memories of his grandparents对祖父母的一些模糊的记忆a fuzzy videotape of the bank robbery一盘模糊的银行劫案的录像带3. With mobile phones, we can keep in touch with others wherever we are.however作连词，不管用什么方法You can travel however you like.作副词，“无论如何”、“不管怎样”You wont move that stone, however strong you are.作副词，“究竟怎么”（表示惊奇）However did you get here without a car?whenever作连词，“任何时候”Ill discuss it with you whenever you like.作副词，“任何时间”“任何时候”He might turn up on Monday , or Friday, or whenever, and expect to be given a meal.wherever作连词，“在任何地方”、“到任何地方”、“在任何情况下”Sit wherever you like.whatever作代词, 无论, 不管Keep calm, whatever happens作代词，任何, 每样We will be grateful for whatever amount you can afford.or whatever:或其他类似的事物Take any sport basketball, ice hockey, swimming or whatever.作形容词，“任何的”、“无论什么的”、“任何种类、程度等的”Take whatever measures you consider best.touch取得/保持联系Were in close touch with our office in Spain.lose touch失去联系We lost touch over the years4. How have different electronic devices changed over time?electronic电子的electricityn.electric用(带)电的，产生电的electrical和电有关的，电的+more general nounselectronic dictionaries/music/banking/mailan electric cable/blanket/fan/cooker electrical equipment/devices/appliances an electrical fault/engineeran electric(al) company/current/shockReadingPart A1. When did regular public TV broadcasting begin around the world?It began on 11 May 1928 in New York and in London on 20 Agugust 1929.2. What is WebTV?It is the TV set combined with the World Wide Web.3. What was invented in 1954?The cassette recorder.Part C1T T F F F T TPart C2YearEvent1877First recording of a human voice was made1925First public showings of wireless TV transmissions were made in the USA. 1948Cable TV began in the USA; 3 American scientists invented the transistor1951Color broadcasts began in the USA.1954Invention of transistor led to the development of cassette recorders1958First LPs(long-play records) came onto the market1962Satellite began to be used to broadcast TV.1982First CDs produced by using digital technology were made available1987Development of MP3 technology started in Germany1989International standards for digital TV were established1992Development of MD palyer began.1996First Web TV set-top boxes came onto the market.Language Points1. Some consider digital TV to be superior to satellite TV.(page 2,line 19)considerbe of the opinion; regard sb/sth as sth 认为; 视某人某事物为: We consider that you are not to blame. 我们认为不该责怪你. * We consider this (to be) very important. 我们认为这非常重要. * Do you consider it wise to interfere? 你认为应该干预吗? * He will be considered a weak leader. 他会被认为是个软弱无能的领导人. * a painting previously considered as worthless, but which now turns out to be very valuable 一幅先前认为毫无价值的画, 现在却变成了珍品 * Hes generally considered to have the finest tenor voice in the country. 现在公认他是该国最佳的男高音歌手. * (formal) Hes very well considered (if people have a high opinion of him) within the company. 他在公司中受到很高的评价. * Consider yourself (if You are) under arrest. 你已被逮捕.superior n. 长者, 高手, 上级be superior to “比 好,比.强”In my opinion, trousers made by hand are superior to those made by machines. 在我看来, 手工制作的裤子要比机器加工的好.Of the two books, I think this one is superior to that. 就这两本书而言, 我认为这本比那本更好.We will need a letter of recommendation from one of your superiors.我们需要一封你们领导写的推荐信.immediate superiors顶头上司superiority sju:,piriritin. 优越, 高傲化 优越性2. At that time, the record player had to be wound up by hand and only played a record for two minutes (page 3,line 31-32)wind to turn or twistThe nurse wound a bandage around my finger so that bleeding could be stopped.The little boy wound his arms around his mothers waist and prevented her leaving.Remember to wind the clock every night before you go to bed if you do not want it to stop.3. This combines the TV set with the world Wide Web.(page 2, line 25)combinewith to join something together withA good way of teaching children is to combine teaching with pleasure.Theory should be combined with practice.In water, two atoms of hydrogen are combined with an atom of oxygen.4. It all began in 1877 when Thomas Edison made the first recording of a human voice.(page 3, lines 29-30)recordingl C sound or pictures that have been recorded on tape, video, etc: a cassette / tape / video recording a hit recording on cassette and CD a recording of English music for clarinet and orchestral U the process of making a record, tape, film/movie, etc: during the recording of the show recording equipment / techniques a recording session / studiol U the process or act of writing down and storing information for official purposes: the recording of financial transactionsmake a recording of录制5. They bought the patent and applied the technology to create the transistor radio.(page 3, lines39-40)apply to bring or put into use or operation运用, 应用某事物to apply economic sanctions / political pressure The new technology was applied to farming.Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial processes. 科学上的发明通常都应用于工业生产过程.make a formal request申请; 请求You should apply immediately, in person or by letter. 你应该立即申请, 亲自去也好, 写信也好.* apply to the publishers for permission to reprint an extract 向出版者请求准予转印节录* apply for a job, post, passport, visa 申请工作职位护照签证.make (a law, etc) operate or become effective使（法律等）实施或生效apply a law/rule/precept 执行法律规则/规程 * apply economic sanctions 施行经济制裁.6. In the following years, more CD recordings became available, and in 1988, for the first time ever, people were demanding more CDs than LPs.(page 3, lines 48-49)demand need, to need in order to be successful需求（某事物）; 需要 demand+n/prnoun/to infinitive/object clauseThis sort of work demands great patience. 这种工作需要极大耐性. * Does the letter demand an immediate answer? = Must it be answered at once? The work of a teacher demands great care and patience.教师的工作需要极大的细心和耐心.demand ask for (sth) as if one is commanding, or as if one has a right to do so 要求, 请求（某事物）demand an apology (from sb) 要求（某人）道歉* The workers are demanding better pay. 工人要求提高工资.She demanded to speak to the manager. 她要求跟经理谈话.He demands that he (should) be told/demands to be told everything.他要求将一切都告诉他.demand (for sb to do sth); (for sth/that.) command, or sth which is given as if it was a command 要求; 请求receive a tax demand 接到纳税通知 It is impossible to satisfy all your demands. 满足你所有的要求是不可能的.There have been fresh demands for the Prime Minister to resign. 人们最近不断要求首相辞职. * demands for reform/that there should be reform 改革要求.supply and demand 经 供应与需求7. Development of MP3 technology started in 1987 in Germany and since the beginning of 1999, the popularity of MP3 has increased to such a degree that major corporations are taking over the portable music player market with MP3 players. (page 3, lines 53-56)degree C, U step or stage in a scale or series 程度; 等级She shows a high degree of skill in her work. 她在工作中表现出高度的技巧.He was not in the slightest degree interested, ie was completely uninterested. 他丝毫不感兴趣. * To what degree (= To what extent, How much) was he involved in the crimes? 他在多大程度上参与了这些犯罪活动?The children have different degrees of ability. 孩子的能力高低各不相同.To what degree can they be trusted. 对他们能信任到什么程度.To what degree is she interested in films? 她对电影的兴趣都到了什么程度了?8. Because of the popularity of MP3 players, music websites have sprung up all over the Internet offering MP3 music for people to purchase.(page 3, lines 57-58)spring up appear, develop, grow, etc quickly or suddenly 迅速地或突然地出现发展生长等weeds springing up everywhere 很快长得到处都是的杂草A breeze sprang up as we were returning. 我们回来时突然起了一阵轻风.New houses were springing up all over the town. 全镇各处很快盖起了新房子. spring out of bed spring to ones feet (=stand up suddenly)spring n. 春天；弹簧, 发条；泉9. Germany was the birthplace of MP3, not Japan or the USA as I had assumed they would be.(page 5)assumeI didnt see your car,so I assumed youd gone out.我没有看见你的汽车，所以以为你已经出去了Assuming that this painting is really a Van Gogh, how much do you think its worth?Important WordsdelightverbVN to give sb a lot of pleasure and enjoyment: This news will delight his fans all over the world.Phrasal Verbs: delight in sth / doing sth no passive to enjoy doing sth very much, especially sth that makes other people feel embarrassed, uncomfortable, etc.varietynU quality of not being the same, or not being the same at all times offer, show, lack variety 提供显示出缺乏多样化的事物* a life full of change and variety 丰富多彩的生活* We all need variety in our diet. 我们都需要饮食多样化. sing (of sth) number or range of different things; assortment 若干不同的事物（的混合）He left for a variety of reasons. 他由於种种原因而离开了. * a large/wide variety of patterns to choose from 可供选择的种类繁多的花样. variety store (US) shop selling a wide range of small inexpensive items 杂货铺.Word PowerImportant Wordsfunction1 work; operate 起作用; 运转: His brain seems to be functioning normally. 他的大脑看来功能正常. * This machine has stopped functioning= is out of order. 这机器坏了. We now have a functioning shower.2 as sth work as sth; operate or perform the function of the thing specified 起某物的作用; 具有某物的功能; 起到所述事物的作用The sofa can also function as a bed. 这沙发也可以当床.Some English adverbs function as adjectives. 英语中有些副词可作形容词用.Grammar and usageImportant Words1. direction (p8)n. U control or instruction: 命令The project was under the direction of a well-known academic. C the position towards which someone or sth. moves or faces: 方向 Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another. 汤姆朝一个方向走, 哈里则朝另一个方向* The aircraft was flying in a northerly direction. 飞机正在向北飞去. * The signpost points in a westerly direction. 路标指向西.C,pl. information or instructions about what to do, where to go, how to do sth, etc 指南; 指示;说明书; 用法说明; 操作说明:Simple directions for assembling the model are printed on the box. 盒上印有装配模型的简要说明.* I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house. 我向他作了详细说明, 好让他能找到那房子.U management; supervision; guidance 管理; 监督; 指导; 指点:He did the work under my direction. 他在我的指导下做这件事. * She was entrusted with the direction of the project. 她受委托负责这项计划. * He feels the need for firm direction = wants sb to guide and advise him.directions pl address on a letter, parcel, etc （信件包裹等上的）姓名地址:The parcel was returned to the sender because the directions were incorrect. 包裹因姓名地址有误而退给了寄件人.2. anyhow(p8)= ANYWAY, whatever the facts may be; in spite of this; at least 无论如何; 即使如此; 至少Its too late now, anyhow. 无论如何现在已经太迟了. * Anyhow, you can try. 至少你可以试试.in a careless way; not arranged in an order:She piled the papers in a heap on her desk, just anyhow.The books were lying on the shelves just/all anyhow. 书都乱放在书架上.* He made notes anyhow across the page. 他在那页上胡乱作了些笔记.3. up to(p9)(a) as a maximum number or amount 作为最大数量; 多达:I can take up to four people in my car. 我的汽车最多能坐四个人.* count up to twenty slowly 慢慢数到二十.(b) (also up until sth) not further or later than sth; as far as sth 不多於; 不迟於; 直到:Read up to page 100. 读到第100页. * Up to now hes been quiet. 他直到此刻仍保持沉默.* Up until the war she had never lived alone. 她在战争爆发前从未独自生活过. (c) comparable with sth 可与某事物相比:Its not up to his usual standard. 这次没达到他平时的水平. (d) capable of sth 有某种能力的; 能胜任: Hes not up to the part of Othello. 他演不了奥赛罗这个角色.* I dont feel up to going to work today. 我今天不舒服, 不能上班.(e) (infml 口) occupied or busy with sth 正在做着或忙於某事物: Whats he up to? 他忙什麽呢? * Hes up to no good, ie doing sth bad. 他现在没干好事.* What tricks has she been up to (=playing)? 她搞什麽鬼呢?TaskLanguage Points1. Not everything that you hear will be equally important. (P10)并非你听到的每一件事情都同样重要此句为部分否定句,句意是.= Everything that you hear will not be equally important.在英语中 all, both, every, everyone, everything 等与否定词 not 连用时，表示的是部分否定，而非全部否定。例如： I dont know all of them. 我并不全认识他们。 I dont like both of the books. 这两本书我并不都喜欢。 Not every student goes to the farm on Sundays. 并非每个学生星期天都去农场。 Not everyone in our class likes football. 在我们班并非每个人都喜欢足球。若要表示全部否定，则应用相应的表示全部否定的否定词。如： all none （一个人也没有、没有任何东西）， both neither （两个都不）， every no， everyone no one（nobody）， everything nothing 等。上述四个例句要表示全部否定应分别为：I know none of them. 他们我都不认识。I like neither of the books.这两本书我都不喜欢。No student goes to the farm on Sundays.星期天没有学生去农场。No one/ Nobody in our class likes football.我们班没有人喜欢足球。Important words1. in other words (P12)used to introduce an explanation that is simpler than the one given earlier: 换句话说He was economical with the truth - in other words, he was lying. in your own words 用自己的话说in a word 简言之in ones own word 用某人自己的语言keep ones word 遵守诺言break ones word 违背诺言have a word with sb. 和某人说句话have words with sb. 和某人吵架eat ones words 收回某人所说的话leave word 留下口信word comes that 消息传来说Useful phrasesI would advise you to buy.I would recommend the first one to you .I think you may/ could/ would buy.It seems to me that.In my opinion.ProjectReadingMain point / Supporting detailsUsing a mobile phone doubles the risk of developing brain cancer.The report is based on the findings of research that was carried out in Sweden, comparing 1,617 patients found to have brain tumors between 1997 and 2003 with the same number of healthy people.Digital mobile phones are an actual danger.The study, conducted with 200 mice, of which half were exposed to radiation while the other half did not receive any radiation, shows that the first half were found to have more than twice the cancer rate of the second half after eighteen months.The reasons why there is no definite scientific evidence available now about the effects of mobile phones on peoples health.Enormous profit from the telecommunications industry prevents the bad results of findings from being revealed.Useful expressionsIt is said that/ It is acknowledged thatSb. believed/ thought that hold an opinion thatadditionally/ in additionon the other handin the same wayLanguage Points1. This study was conducted with 200 mice, half of which were exposed to radiation while the other half did not receive any radiation. (P14) 该研究的实验对象是200只老鼠,其中半数暴露在辐射环境下, 而另一半未受到任何辐射.exposen. C account of the facts of a situation, esp when these are shocking or have been kept deliberately secret 叙述, 报道（尤指令人震惊的或曾故意保密的）The newspaper published an expose of the film stars past life. 报纸发表了该影星的逸闻.* an expose of corruption within the government 揭露政府内部腐败情况的报道.v. T (a) uncover or make (sth) visible; display 显露或露出（某事物）; 显示:When he smiled he exposed a set of perfect white teeth. 他笑时露出了一口漂亮的白牙.(b) sth/sb/oneself (to sth) uncover or leave sb/sth/oneself uncovered or unprotected 显露或暴露某人某事物/自己;处於无遮蔽或不受保护的状态:The soil was washed away by the flood, exposing bare rock.泥土被洪水冲走,露出光秃秃的岩石.* expose soldiers to unnecessary risks 使士兵冒不必要的危险* expose ones skin to the sun 使皮肤暴露於阳光下* The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain. 婴儿被离弃於风雨之中.(a) make known (sth secret); reveal 揭露（秘密）; 揭穿; 揭发; 揭破; 显露: expose a plot, project, plan, etc 揭露阴谋方案计划等 * That unfortunate remark exposed his ignorance of the subject. 他说了那句不妥的话, 暴露了自己对此事的无知. (b) make known (the guilt or wrongdoing) of ( a secretly guilty person) 揭露（某人）的（不为人知的罪恶或过错）; 揭穿; 揭发; 揭破:expose crime, scandal, injustice, fraud, etc 揭露罪行丑闻冤假错案骗局等* expose a criminal, an impostor, a culprit, etc 揭露罪犯冒名顶替者犯错误的人等.2. Thus, the findings have not been made public, and the industry is saying that there is not enough evidence to do so. (P15) 因此,一些研究结果一直未与公开, 而电信公司却说证据还不够充分thus adv. in this way: 就这样Bend from the waist, thus. The universities have expanded, thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education.with this result: 因此They planned to reduce staff and thus to cut costs.We do not own the building. Thus, it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.3. Can we have faith in them and believe that they are being honest?have faith in 信任,相信I still have faith in John despite his shortcomings.虽然约翰有缺点, 但我对他还是信任的.He still has great talent, but he has lost faith in himself.他仍然很有天赋, 但是他已经丧失了信心.Unit RevisionWords List1.device2.consumer3.signal4.questionnaire5.transistor6.patent7.compact8.corporation9.launch10.evolution装置；设备消费者信号；暗号问卷；调查表晶体管专利紧密地公司发射演变；进化11.accompany12.ample13.budget14.elegantly15.inbuilt16.scan17.clip18.battery19.guarantee20.terminal陪伴、陪同充足的预算高雅地内置的扫描；浏览夹子电池保证终端21.tumour22.caution23.theory24.parallel25.acknowledge26.valid27.assume28.fuzzy29.clarity30.definition肿瘤谨慎；小心理论平行线承认；认可有根据的； 假设；设想模糊不清的清晰度定义31. conference32. honest33. profit34.merely35.birthplace36.anyhow37.model38.hint39.shape40.measure会议；研讨会诚实的；真诚的利润；利益仅仅；只有出生地；诞生地无论如何模型；型号暗示形状；塑造测量；度量41.tiny42.suitable43.recorder44.degree45.personally46.uncertain47.cigarette48.equal小的；微小的合适的；适当的录音机度；程度从个人角度；亲自不确定的香烟相等的；平等的Phrases1. 数码相机2. 未必、不一定3. 电流4. 相信、信任、信仰5. 光盘6. 使某人高兴得是7. 各种8. 与有联系（相关联）9. 代表、象征10. 上市，面市11. 给.上发条12. 及时赶上13. 向.前进14. 既然那样，在此情况下15. 目前，暂时16. 可以接受200个频道17. 把.连接到 18. 和 19. 占领市场 20. 对科学发展作贡献 21. 给人民的生活带来极大的方便 22. 各种不同的功能 23. 开展研究/调查 24. 可被放心使用 25. 对熟悉26. 不乐意做27. 占领市场28. 在随后的几年里29. 家用电器30. 电子产品31. 条形码32. 在某种程度上digital cameranot necessarilyelectric currenthave faith incompact discto ones delighta variety ofbe associated withstand forcome onto the marketwind up in time for head for in that case for the time beinghave access to 200 channelscombine.withalong withtake over the market contribute to the development of science bring great convenience to peoples lives all sorts of different functionsconduct a study/surveycan be used without cautionbe familiar withbe unwilling to dotake over the marketin the following yearshousehold applianceelectronic goodsbar codesto some extentExpressions1. contribute to 对捐助；投稿；有助于，导致 2. head for 朝去3. be responsible for sth.负责某事 take the responsibility for 负起.的责任4. in time for 及时，正好be in time to do sth.来得及做某事5. be superior to 比优越；超过be better than = be ahead of 6. by means of 用方法 by this means通过这种方法 in this way/ manner with this method7. come onto the market上市；面市on sale在售中 for sale 待售8. by accident偶然，碰巧 by chance9. combine A with B将A与B联合起来10. up to date最新的，最近的11. apply to sb. for sth.向某人申请某事12. be capable of doing sth. 能够做某事 be able to do sth.13. take over接管，接受14. previous to = before 在以前15. be based on 以为基础；基于之上16. spring up涌现，突然出现；迅猛发展17. be associated with与有联系be concerned withbe connected with18. in color彩色的19. have faith in = have belief in相信，信任，信仰20. wind
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