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111TOPIC READING众所周知，火山爆发具有十分强大的毁灭性，可是它对我们人类的生存也有诸多的好处: 它给我们带来大量的矿物质、释放出我们的生命所必须的氧气和供植物生长的二氧化碳Benefits of volcanoesVolcanoes do a lot of damage, but there are advantages connected to volcanoes. As an example, new land masses are formed. The Hawaiian Islands were created by volcanic activity. When volcanoes erupt, the lava releases some healthy gases, including hydrogen and carbon dioxide. When hydrogen mixes with oxygen, it creates water vapor and that begins the water cycle. Plants use carbon dioxide to make food for themselves.There are many rich deposits found in volcanic bombs and cooled lava that turns into rock. Different metals are found in the rock layers. Copper, silver, and gold have all been found. Some of the worlds biggest diamonds come from volcanic rocks. The volcanic chimneys in South Africa and the Soviet Union are filled with diamonds. Pumice, a type of volcanic rock, is used in many different ways. Obsidian (黑曜石) is also found in the rocks. The early people made arrowheads from it because sharp edges and points can be made from it. Important minerals are also found in the lava.The solid, lighter volcanic material called pozzuolana (火山灰) is mixed with cement (水泥) and used in the construction of buildings. Pozzuolana from the volcano on Santorini was used to build the Suez Canal. Many Italian villages, Mexican temples, and French churches are made from nothing but cooled lava.Volcanic dust and volcanic ash contain the same important minerals as the volcanic bombs. As the dust and ash seep into the soil, the soil becomes very rich. The soil is also enriched by the chemicals that are released during the eruption. Plants and crops are soon able to grow better than before.In Hawaii, New Zealand and Iceland, the hot rocks in the earths crust (地壳) heat the water underground. The heated water gives off steam and the steam is used to make electricity. This kind of energy is called geothermal (地热的) energy. It is a very clean type of energy and doesnt pollute the environment. The heated water is also pumped into peoples homes. People in Hawaii, new Zealand, Iceland and Japan use the warm water from volcanoes and generate electricity from its steam. Find the right words in the passage which match with the following explanations.1. _: n. a quality of sth. that makes it better or more useful (in Para. 1)2. _: adj. having a fine edge or point, especially of sth. that can cut or make a hole in sth. (in Para. 3)3. _: v. (especially of liquids ) to flow slowly and in small quantities through sth. or into sth. (in Para. 5)Key1: 1. advantage 2. sharp 3. seep 111
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