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111人教新课标版高二必修五Unit 3 Life in the future期末知识梳理一、训练导入I.考纲单词写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)1.impression 2.previous 3.guide 4.capsule 5.surrounding 6.lack 7.press 8.fasten 9.belt 10.flash 11.switch12.timetable 13.desert 14.citizen 15.button 16.swallow 17.material 18.recycle 19.goods 20.settlement II.核心短语1take_拿起2lose_of看不见3speed_加速4show sb_领某人参观5in no_立刻6be back on ones_（困境后）恢复；完全复原7sweep_打扫；横扫8under_在修建中9_sb,for 因而责怪某人10be_to与相似二、知识精讲I.重点词汇 1. private adj. 1)私人的；个人的 2)私下的, 保密的; 典例1) When children grow up, they are eager to get private rooms for themselves.当孩子长大了，他们都渴望有自己的房间。2) I wish to have a private talk with you. 我想私底下和你谈谈。2. settlement n. 1) 定居点C 2)（解决纷争的）协议C 3) 解决，处理U典例1) The Indians often attacked the settlements of the colonist. 印地安人经常袭击殖民者的定居点。2) The strikers and the employers have reached a settlement over new working conditions. 罢工者已经与顾主就新的工作条件达成了协议。3) After the settlement of our differences, we became friends. 消除分歧后，我们成了朋友。重点用法settle v.定居 come to a settlement解决; 决定; 和解settle in Canada. 定居加拿大settle down安顿下来：过稳定有序的生活：3. impression n.印；印痕；印记；印象；意念；概念 典例 1) Your performance gave me a strong impression你的表演给我留下了很深的印象。2) What I said made no impression on him我的话对他不起作用。 重点用法impress v.留下印象impress sthonupon ones mind 把牢记在心上have an impression of sthdoing sththatmake an impression on sb 给某人留下印象make no impression on 对无影响效果give sba favorable impression给某人以好印象an impression of sbs foot某人的脚印4. remind v.提醒；使想起典例1) The picture reminds me of my college days这张照片使我想起了大学里的日子。2) Remind me to write to father请提醒我给父亲写信。3) Please remind me that I must call her up before nine.请提醒我九点前给她打个电话。重点用法remind sbof sth=remind sbabout. 提醒某人某事；remind sbthat也可以表示“提醒某人做某事”或“使某人想起去做某事”。考例单项填空 What you said just now_ me of that American professor.A. mentioned B. informed C. reminded D. memorized【解析】remind sb. of sth.使/让某人想起某事；informed sb. of sth.通知某人事情。A,D都无此结构。答案：C。5. previous adj.先的, 前的; 事前的; 以前的重点用法previous to 在之前典例1）He did better in his previous study.他在预习方面做得好。2）His previous attempt was successful. 他以前的尝试成功了。3）Previous to the conference we had discussed the matter. 在会议召开之前,我们讨论了这个问题.6. lack vt.缺乏；没有 n.缺乏；短缺的东西重点用法lack sth.(wisdomcommon sensemoney缺乏智慧常识/金钱)be lacking in (couragedetermination to do.) 缺乏做某事的勇气决心athe lack of 的缺乏for lack of 因缺乏have no lack of 不缺乏典例1) You will not be lacking in support from me. 你将得到我的帮助2) I lacked for nothing. 我不需要任何东西7. require v.需要；要求；命令重点用法 require+ n./ pron. /doing sth./ to do sth/that-clause典例 1) This suggestion will require careful thought. 这建议需要仔细考虑。 2) To carry out this plan would require increasing our staff by 50 执行这计划需要增加50的人员。 8. assist vt.vi帮助；援助订参与，出席重点用法assist sb in/with sth辅助(某人)某事assist sbin doing sth 辅助(某人)做某事assist sbto do sth 辅助(某人)做某事assist with 帮助(照料，做)；在上给予帮助典例1)I am willing to assist you whenever there is an opportunity有机会我愿随时帮你。2)Im afraid I cant assist you，you have to go and see the manager我恐怕帮不上忙，你得去找经理。3)The headmaster assists with a lot of things when free有空时校长帮忙做了很多事。4)You will be required to assist MrsSmith in preparing a report你将要帮助史密斯夫人准备一份报告。II.重点词组 1. take up 从事；占(时间、空间、注意力、等)；继续 典例1)This table takes up too much room这张桌子太占地方。2)She has taken up a job as a teacher她当上老师了。3)This chapter takes up where the last one off 本章继续上一章的内容。短语归纳take off脱掉（衣服等）；起飞：打折：作为折扣而减价：take over接管：获得对的控制或管理take apart拆开：分开后将分成许多部分take for把视作：误认为take for granted认为是理所当然take down写下,记下take back收回(诺言);2.be similar to 与相似典例1) His views are similar to mine.他的观点与我的很相似.2) They are similar to each other in appearance.他们在长相上非常相似。相似短语归纳be familiar to 对某人来说是熟悉的be familiar with 某人对很熟悉in a similar way以与.相似的方式3.lose sight of/ catch sight of不再看见./ 瞥见重点用法gethave(a)sight of 看见，发现at(the)sight of 一看见at first sight 乍一见 out of sight 不被看见，在视线之外 out of sight of 在看不见的地方inwithin sight 被见到，在视线内 inwithin sight of在看得见的地方4.sweep up打扫；横扫短语归纳sweep aside放堆到一边, 不予理会sweep away扫清, 迅速消灭, 肃清, 冲走sweep off扫清; 吹走; 大量清除sweep out扫掉; 清除sweep over将.一扫而光III.重点句型 1What problems do you think people in the future will have overcome? 你认为未来的人们将克服什么问题?解释 此句为复杂疑问句，其句式结构为：疑问词+do you think+其余部分(其余部分为陈述语序),do you think 为插入成分。能用于此句型的动词有：think，believe，suppose，imagine，suggest，expect等。典例1)Who do you think is the tallest in your class?你认为在你们班谁最高?2)What do you believe matters when we take up the work?你认为我们从事这项工作什么东西最要紧?3)Who do you suppose will win the game?你认为谁会赢得这比赛?注意1)如果此句型的动词后面的从句里有否定意义，往往要把否定前置。如：I dont think its right to do so我想这样做是不对的。2)该句型变反意疑问句，主句主语是第一人称且是现在时态时，反问部分与从句一致，否则与主句一致。如:I think that he has been to Beijing，hasnt he?He thinks that their team are sure to win the game，doesnt he?2. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get when flying, 这与你在飞行过程中的时差反应是相类似的。解释 When flying是when you are flying的省略形式。在有些表时间、条件、方式或让步的从句中，如果谓语包含有动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，就常常可以把从句中的主语和be动词省略。典例1) When asked wheres the toilet, the waitress showed the way politely to the guest.当被问及厕所在哪时，服务员非常有礼貌地给客人带路。2) Until finishing the homework, the child was allowed to watch the cartoon film.直至完成作业，小孩才允许看卡通片。3) If necessary, you can call help from the police.有必要时，你可以求助警察局。三、语法突破过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语相当于一个被动语态的状语从句。过去分词作状语时，可放在句首，句中或句末，但放在句首的情况较多。 过去分词作状语1) 作时间状语相当于 when 引导的状语从句。 Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.(=When it is seen from the hill,) 从山上看，城市显得更美。When shot in the leg, he continued to fire back,(=When he was shot in the leg.)腿受伤后，他继续还击。2) 作原因状语相当于because, as, since引导的从句。这类状语多放在句子前半部分。Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid,(=Since/As she was given advice by the famous detective,.)有了著名的侦探的指点，姑娘不再害怕了。Deeply shocked, I was unable to speak.(=As I was deeply shocked,.)我大为震惊，连话都说不出来了。3) 作条件状语相当于if, unless 引导的从句。Given more time, they would be able to do it better.(=If they were given more time,)如果多给一些时间，他们会博得更好。I shall not go unless invited.(=I shall not go unless I am invited,) 除非受到邀请，否则我是不会去的。4) 作伴随状语延续性动词的过去分词作状语时，用来表示一个伴随的动作或状态，但一般不能改为状语从句，但可改为并列句。The lady returned home, followed by Mr Holmes(= The lady returned home and(she)was followed by Mr Holmes.) 姑娘回家，福尔摩斯跟在后面。He turned away, disappointed.(=He turned away and(He)was disappointed)他失望地转身离去。作方式状语过去分词作方式状语时，多由as, as if, as though引导，并可改为相应的状语从句。We did it as told to.(=We did it as we were told to.)我们按要求做了。He lay still as if beaten to death,(=He lay still as if he was beaten to death.)他躺着一动也不动，好像被打死似的。6) 作让步状语相当于 although/though, even if/ though 引导的从句。Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.(=Thought he was wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.)战士虽然受了伤，仍然勇敢作战。Even if/thought invited, he wont go.(=Even if/thought he is invited, he wont go),即使请他，他也不会去的。过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，需在过去分词前面加上主格的逻辑主语，这叫做独立主格结构。All things considered, it is a good plan.从全面考虑，这个计划是好的。The job done, the farmers went home. 农民们干完活就回家了。All the money spent, we started looking for work.钱都花完了，我们开始找工作。 【考题印证】1.（2012安徽卷-30）When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked【答案】B【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。句意：当被问到他关于教学工作的看法时，菲利普回答说，他觉得这项工作很有趣，很值得干。句子主语菲利普和“问” 之间应为被动关系，先排除A和C；而D为不定式，不定式作状语有将来含义，且表目的，故可排除D。本句也可认为是asked前省略he was两词。2.（20112湖南卷-23） Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank. A. to use B. used C. using D. use【答案】B【解析】本题考查分词作状语的用法。句意：时间，如果使用得当的话，就是存在银行里的钱。此处，money和“使用”之间为被动关系，所以选过去分词used。此处也可认为是if it is used correctly从句的省略。3.（2012重庆卷-23）_to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked【答案】A【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。句意：那天晚上由于被要求加班，我错过了一场好电影。句子主语I和ask to work overtime之间明显为被动关系，先排除B、C；分词的完成时形式表示该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前，“被要求加班”应发生在“错过电影”之前，故选A。【真题体验】1.(2012北京卷-27) _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use2.（2012全国大纲I卷/新课标卷-32）Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting. A. having compared to B. comparing toC. compare to D. compared to 3.（2011天津卷,12） into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated 4.（2011上海春招,36） in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park. A. OpenedB. Having openedC. OpeningD. Being opened 5.（2011四川卷,16） an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer 6.（2010陕西卷）_ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees . A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see 7.（2010全国卷）Though_to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.A. surprising B. as surprised C. surprised D being surprised 8.（2010湖北卷）_（油漆成）red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint) 9.（2009福建卷） not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded 10.（2009湖南卷）Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired 【答案解析】1.【解析】C。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：小心使用的话，金属罐儿可以用六周。主语one tin和use是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。2.【解析】D。本题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。此处可认为是when it is compared to such art forms as music and painting从句省略it is而成的“连词+分词”结构；句子主语film与compare存在被动关系，故用过去分词compared。3.【解析】B。考查非谓语动词。句意为“翻译成英语后，发现这个句子的词序全变了。”the sentence与translate之间存在着被动关系，故用过去分词，答案B。4.【解析】A。考查非谓语动词。句意为“很多人认为1955年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园非常有趣。”open开业，与Disneyland之间存在着被动关系；D项Being opened表正在进行，但开业的事实已经发生，故选A。5.【解析】C。考查非谓语动词。句意为“Andy在一部新影片中扮演重要角色，这就有了成名的机会。”offer sb. sth.(主动)提供某人某物。句中Andy与offer之间存在着被动关系，故选C。6.【解析】A。考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词做状语, 逻辑主语是句子的主语, 非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系, 且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成, 用过去分词, 选A。7.【解析】C。省略结构和非谓语动词考查。补完整为：Though he was surprised, 主语一致, 省略主语和系动词。8.【解析】“painted” 非谓语动词。过去分词作状语, 主语“the building” 是动作“paint” 的作用对象9.【解析】B。考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语, 逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager, 非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系, 且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生, 非谓语动词用过去分词, 选B。10.【解析】C。考查非谓语动词。每天晚饭后, 如果不是因为工作太累, 我都会花点时间遛狗。if not from work是条件状语从句的省略形式, 完整句子是：If Im not tired from work, 由此判断该填tired。答案C。四、单元自测第一节 单项选择1. I prefer western food. Its a kind of healthy food. - _ But western food is said to be high in sugar and fat. A. Is that right? B. How do you know that? C. Do you really think so? D. Who told you that?2. -What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game -_. Whatever you want to do is fine with me. A. It just depends B. Its up to you C. All right D. Glad to hear that3. _ from the top of the hill, the city takes the round shape with a flowing river through it.A. Viewing B. To be viewed C. Viewed D. To be viewing4. If you _ of Mary, ask her to come and see me.A. lose sight of B. catch sight ofC. are in the sight of D. Are at the sight of5. Id rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than _ a room with others. A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing6. My father served in the army in _ when he was in _. A. 1950s; twenties B. the 1950s; his twenties C. the 1950s; the twenties D. 1950s; the twenties7. The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2010 is strongly impressed _ my memory. A. to B. over C. by D. on8. A well-written composition _ good choice of words and clear organization among other things. A. calls on B. calls for C. calls up D. calls in9. The food was so _ that the child couldnt help tasting it. A. smelly B. invited C. interesting D. inviting10. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so stood _ to her mother. A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing11. You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do. A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever12. Theres _ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _? A. little; some B. little; any C. a little; some D. a little; any13. The teacher couldnt make himself _ attention to because the students were so noisy. A. to pay B. to be paid C. paid D. pay14. He tried to go away without being noticed by his employer but luck _ him. A. went with B. went against C. went over D. went along15. _ straight on and youll see a church. You wont miss it. A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going16. _ warmly for his work, he was too _ to fall asleep. A. Praising; excited B. To praise; exciting C. Praised; exciting D. Praised; excited17. He used to be a popular singer, but drug _ his ruin. A. resulted from B. contributed to C. attended to D. devoted to18. I order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _ in my study. A. locking B. locked C. to lock D. being locked19. In fact, Im not used _ to like that. - Neither am I. A. to being spoken B. to be spoken C. being spoken D. to speaking20. Give me an undisturbed hour and Ill see the work Tom _ unfinished. A. will leave B. is leaving C. has left D. had left第二节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The purpose of a letter of application is to help you to “sell” yourself. It should state 1 the job you want, and should tell what your abilities are and what you have 2. It should be simple, human, personal and brief without 3 out any necessary fact.In writing a letter of application, keep in 4 that the things a possible employer is most 5 to want to know about are your qualifications(条件), your achievements and your aims. The opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part. 6 the first few sentences fail to 7 the readers attention, the rest of the letter may not be 8 at all. Try to key your opening remarks to the needs or interests of the employer not 9your own needs or desires. For example, instead of beginning with “I saw your 10 in todays paper.” you might say “I have made a careful 11 of your advertising during the past six months” or “I have made a survey in my neighborhood to find out how many housewives 12 your product and why they like it.”Try to 13 generalities. Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now 14. College graduates looking for their first positions often ask “What can I 15 in a letter? Employers want experience, which, naturally, no 16 has.” The answer is that everything you have ever done is 17.It is important to write a good strong closing for your letter. 18 a specific request for an interview or give the possible employer something definite to do or expect. An excellent 19 is to enclose(内附) a stamped, self-addressed envelope with your letter. That makes it 20 for a possible employer to get in touch with you.1.A. clearly B. carefully C. obviously D. easily2.A. found B. done C. known D. heard3.A. sending B. taking C. leaving D. picking 4.A. brain B. sight C. order D. mind5.A. probable B. possible C. likely D. able 6.A. While B. Although C. As D. If7.A. pay B. win C. show D. fix8.A. kept B. continued C. written D. read9.A. to B. for C. into D. from10.A. advertisement B. report C. article D. introduction11.A. watch B. search C. study D. discussion12.A. change B. make C. sell D. use13.A. avoid B. remember C. protect D. gain14.A. losing B. applying C. preparing D. fitting15.A. offer B. supply C. mean D. provide16.A. worker B. beginner C. owner D. manager17.A. success B. development C. practice D. experience18.A. Make B. Ask C. State D. Get19.A. result B. decision C. promise D. idea20.A. happier B. easier C. cheaper D. safer第三节 阅读理解 AForgiving someone who has hurt you or let you down is never an easy thing. Several new studies, however, say that it could have a lot of health benefits. When you think of forgiveness, you probably dont think of it as being a health or medical problem. Studies from Stanford University, on the other hand, show that something like anger can change your well-being.When cartoon book characters like the incredible（难以置信） Hulk get angry, they change colours and often gain special power. In the real world, anger is less obvious and may be more dangerous. Thats why Professor Fred Luskin, founder of the Stanford Forgiveness Project and author of Forgive for Good, says holding on to anger and hatred can harm your physical and mental health. Two new studies seem to show the same idea.The studies find that people who are able to forgive feel less stress, less back pain, and less depression（沮丧）。 They also have fewer headaches, lower blood pressure, and fewer problems on sleeping.So it doesnt matter if your anger is caused by the traffic or other things. Learning to let it go is important. Techniques such as deep breath or thought can help. Or just ask yourself if its worth hurting yourself by staying angry with someone else.Forgiveness does not mean that you simply accept what happened and say its OK. Instead, its a way of making peace with yourself about what happened in the past. 1. The author of the passage tries to make his viewpoint clear _.A. by raising his own examples. B. based on his own experience.C. by mentioning some studies. D. by mentioning some typical patients.2. The example of the cartoon book characters is taken in the passage to_.A. support the viewpoint that anger and hatred harm physical and mental health.B. introduce a famous expert.C. let the reader know the different colours of cartoon faces.D. show how to control ones temper.3. The underlined phrase “holding on to” in this passage possibly means“_”。A. removing. B. keeping up. C. getting rid of. D. learning about.4. The best title for this passage is probably _.A. Forgiveness. B. Forgiveness Is Good for Health.C. A Secret to Keeping Health. D. Anger Is Bad for Health. BWriting being largely a self-taught occupation, texts on how to get about it -though great in number- seldom are of much use. You try, and fail. Then try again. Until at last, if you have some gift for it, the failures become less frequent, or at any rate less apparantly.It is this ability to cover up ones defects that is
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