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111Unit 2 English around the world【重难突破重拳出击】Warming up1. They are called world Englishes and they include Canadian, British, American, Australian and Indian. include: v. 包括，包含e.g. The price includes service. 这个价钱包括服务费。【发散思维】including prep. 包括 e.g. I have to prepare food for six people, including me/ me included. 我必须准备包括我在内6个人的餐点。【趁热打铁】When the accidents happened, there were 100 people on the bus, _A. include a teacher B. including a teacherC. included a teacher D. a teacher included 2. World Englishes come from those countries where English plays an important role as a first or second language, either because of foreign rule or because of its special role as an international language.I. where English plays an important role as a first or second language 是where 引导的定语从句，修饰countries。e.g. This is the house where I lived ten years ago. 这是我十年前住过的房子。II. play a role : to act, take the actors part in a play 扮演角色 e.g. The U.N. plays an important role in international relations. 联合国在国际关系方面扮演着重要的角色。play a part: to be involved in an activity 参加某活动; 也可以表示“扮演角色”。e.g. She played an active part in the local community. 她积极参与地方活动。（相当于take an active part in ）She played an important role / a major part in winning the match.她对这场比赛的胜利起了重要作用。III because of prep. by reason of (sb / sth)；on account of 因为，后接名词或代词。e.g. He didnt attend the meeting because of the bad weather. 他由于天气不好而没有参加这个会议。【同义词辨析】because : for the reason that 因为。because 是连词，引导原因状语从句。because of：是介词，后接名词或代词。【趁热打铁】They came here _.A. because us B. because of us C. because of we D. because weIV. international adj.国际的；世界的e.g. They signed an international agreement on nuclear waste.他们签定了关于核废料的国际协议。V. native 1） adj.本国的；本土的native customs当地风俗His native language is German.他的母语是德语。Potato is native to America.马铃薯是美洲产的。Many foreigners have gone native in China.许多外国人在中国已入乡随俗。2） n.C本国人；本地人；土著人a native of London(Wales/India/Kenya) 伦敦人（威尔士人/印度人/肯尼亚人）Reading3. Would you please come up to my flat for a visit? 请到我的公寓来坐坐，好吗？ come up ：1）if someone comes up to you, they come close to you, especially in order to speak to you. 走过来，走近 e.g. One of the teachers came up and started talking to me.一位老师走过来，开始和我谈起话来。A man came up to him and asked for help.一个人走到他前面，向他寻求帮助。Why dont you come up to New York for the weekend? 为何不去纽约过周末呢？2）if a subject comes up, people mention it and discuss it. (话题议题)被提出e.g. His name came up in the conversation. The subject of salaries didnt come up. 他的名字在谈话中被提起。没有提薪水。4. So why has English changed over time?那么英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？ over: throughout (a period); during 贯穿（一时间段）。e.g. Over the years he has become more patient.这几天他越来越有耐心。【趁热打铁】She has been ill in bed _ the past week.A. at B. on C. over D. above答案：C【点击高考】They had a pleasant chat _ a cup of coffee. NMET 2003年，北京，33A. for B. with C. during D. over答案：D over在时。他们在喝咖啡时进行了一次愉快的谈话。5. All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.当不同文化互相沟通时，所有的语言都会发生变化。culture: the beliefs, way of life, art, and customs that are shared and accepted by people in a particular society. 文化e.g. In our culture, it is rude to ask someone how much they earn. 在我们的文化中，问他人挣多少钱是不礼貌的。I love working abroad and meeting people from different cultures. 我喜欢在国外工作，这样可以接触到不同文化的人。6. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English. 实际上，当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。I. actually in fact; as a matter of fact 事实上 e.g. Actually, he is telling a lie. 事实上，他在撒谎。II. base: to use sth as grounds, evidence, etc for sth else, 常用于base sth on sth 结构以及其被动结构中，表示以某事物为另一事物的根据，证据等。 e.g. He based his hopes on the good news we had yesterday.他把希望寄托在我们昨天得到的好消息上。III. present: adj. 1） the present day also the present in the time now, or modern times现在的，目前的，当前的The custom has continued from the 5th century to the present day. 这风俗习惯从5世纪流传到目前。2）in a particular place。 出席的，在场的，与absent 相对。常用于be present at/inA lot of students were present at the meeting.很多学生出席那个会议。 (3)to be felt strongly or remembered for a long time. （事物等）留存（在心中）The memory of her brothers death is still present in/to her mind. 她弟弟的去世仍然记在她的心中。7. It became less like German, and more like French because those who ruled England at that time spoke French. 它不那么像德语，而更像法语了，因为那时英国的统治者讲法语。.rule : to have the official power to control a country and the people who live there.统治（国家，国民）Queen Victoria ruled England for 64 years. 维多利亚女王统治英国64年。8. It became close to the language you are learning now. 它变得更接近你们正在学习的这种语言。close to: 靠近，接近Our house is close to the bus stop.我们的房子离公共汽车站很近。 9. In the 1600s, Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.莎士比亚用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。 I. in the 1600s :在17 世纪。也可以写作：in the 1600s. In the 1980s great changes took place in China. 在二十世纪八十年代，中国发生了巨大的变化。 【趁热打铁】1） Through he is _(60 多岁) , he is still learning English.2） He came to China _ （在二十世纪60 年代）。答案：1) in his sixties; 2)in the 1960sII. make use of : to use 利用，使用 Students should make full use of their time. 学生应该充分利用时间。III. vocabulary all the words that someone knows or uses. 词汇Reading is one of the best ways of improving your vocabulary. 阅读是提高你的词汇量的最好的方法之一。IV. than ever before：比以前 He is studying English harder than ever (before).One big change in English usage happened when Noah Webster wrote the American Dictionary of the English Language, giving American English its own identity.英语用法发生了大变化，那就是诺厄 韦伯斯特编撰美国英语辞典的那个时期，这本辞典体现了美国英语的特色。identity: n. 本人，身份；相同，一致；个性e.g. Why did she need to conceal her identity? 她为什么需要隐藏她的身份呢？ 10. English is also spoken in many other countries in Africa and Asia, such as South Africa, Singapore and Malaysia. 在非洲和亚洲许多其他国家，比如：南非，新加坡，马来西亚等国人们也说英语。such as: used when giving an example of somethinge.g. Cartoon characters such as Mickey Mouse and Snoopy are still popular. 像米老鼠和唐老鸭一样的动画人物仍然很受欢迎。11. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.目前在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。 Learning English in China: 在句子中作people 的定语。 e.g. There are a lot of parents waiting for their children at the gate of our school. 有许多家长在我们学校门口等着孩子。【点击高考】The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. NMET 2000年春，北京 A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung答案：B hang 在该句中是不及物动词，现在分词hanging 作picture 的定语，表示一种状态。111
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