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111知识感悟一、词汇详解1.scenen.(戏剧)一场;一景【典型例句】 This play is divided into three acts,and each act has three scenes.这个剧分为三幕，每一幕有三个场景。 What a quiet but lively scene!Lambs frisked about in the pastures.小羊在牧场上跳来跳去,这是一幅多么恬静而又生气勃勃的景象啊。【相关链接】 view/scenery/scene/sight辨析：(1)view n.“景色”，普遍用语，指目中所望见的景色。(2)sceneryn.“景色,外景”，指一个地方乃至一个国家的整个外景或外貌。(3)scene n.“景色”，可与view通用，但多包括了其中的人及其活动。(4)sight n.“光景”，多指人工的事物，比如大建筑史迹等有名的处所。例如:There is a fine view of the mountain from our hotel window.从我们旅馆的窗口可以看到秀丽的山景。2.feed v.喂;喂养【典型例句】 Dont bite the hand that feeds you.别忘恩负义、恩将仇报。These kids were badly fed and badly clothed.那些孩子们缺吃少穿。【相关链接】 feed on sth.靠吃为生；用喂养be fed up with 厌烦Im fed up with that nonsense.我对那些胡说八道都烦透了。Im fed up with his constant complaints.我对他没完没了的抱怨早就听厌了。feed.to 指“将喂给”，feed 后跟表示食物的词；feed.on 指“用喂”，feed 后接表示人或动物的词。例如：What do you feed your dog on?你用什么喂狗?She feeds the banana to a monkey.她用香蕉喂猴子。3.serve vt.服务；为效力；接待顾客【典型例句】 Can I serve you in any way?我能帮你忙吗？In principle,the job of a politician is to serve the community.原则上,政治家的职责就是为公众服务。The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.接待她的售货员不喜欢她那种穿着。He serves in the navy.他在海军服役。 Now the examination score serves as the only criterion for a students academic performance.现在考试分数是衡量学生学业成绩的惟一标准。The box serves for a table.这个盒子充当桌子。【知识小结】 serve as作为；当作；serve for不是“为服务”的意思，而是“充当”的意思。4.eager adj. 热切的；渴望的【典型例句】 The boy was eager for success.男孩子急于获得成功。She is always eager to please everybody.她总是想取悦每个人。【知识归纳】 (1)意思是“渴望的；热切盼望的”时，后面跟介词for 或者about。(2)be eager to do渴望做某事。【相关链接】 eager/keen/anxious辨析：(1)eager指“以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或达到目的”,有时也指“由于其他感情影响而表现急不可耐的”。例如:He was eager to see her.他渴望见到她。(2)keen 指“对某人、某物怀有极大兴趣或热情的”。例如:They were keen to win.他们急于取胜。(3)anxious 指“热切地希望实现愿望,并因顾虑愿望落空而心情不安,感到焦虑的”。例如:Im anxious to know the final result.我急于想知道最后的结果。5.escape vi.逃走；避免；(液体等)漏出；疏忽【典型例句】 The three brothers soon escaped from their captors.这三兄弟不久就从抓住他们的那些人手中逃走了。Water escaped rapidly from the drainpipe.水从排水管中迅速流出。You cannot escape doing it.你不可逃避地要做这件事。【知识归纳】 escape sth./doing sth.避免某事/做某事escape from.从逃出来【相关链接】 escape/avoid辨析：(1)escape 指“脱离或避开即将来临或近在眼前的伤害、危险、灾祸等事物”,常作借喻用。(2)avoid 强调“有意识地躲避不愉快的或可能发生危险的事物或情况”。例如:I cannot avoid meeting her.我怎么也避不开她。6.concern vt. 涉及；有关；从事； 干预涉；使担心挂念n.关心的事;重要的事;担心,挂念;关怀【典型例句】 The letter is chiefly concerned with export commodities.这封信主要是关于出口商品的。The news concerns your brother.这个消息与你兄弟有关。The boys poor health concerned his parents.那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。He is concerned for her safety.他担心她的安全。He was very concerned about her.他对她非常关心。Thats no concern of mine.那不关我的事。【相关链接】 concern oneself with/about/over关心have a concern in在中有利害关系;在中有一份have no concern with与无关7.result vi.由而造成(from)；结果;致使;导致(in)【典型例句】 Nothing has resulted from his efforts.他的努力终成泡影。Acting before thinking always results in failure.做事不先考虑总会导致失败。The accident resulted in the death of two people.这场意外事故造成两人死亡。【知识小结】 (1)result in=lead to 导致，造成结果(2)result from 由产生的结果【相关链接】 (1)as a result 作为结果。例如：He runs every day.As a result,he has lost weight.他每天跑步，结果他减肥了。(2)as a result of 作为的结果。例如：As a result of exercise,he has built up his health.二、句型剖析1.need doing(动词后接动名词，主动表示被动)【典型例句】 The garden doesnt need wateringit rained last night.花园不用浇水了昨夜下雨了。【相关链接】 (1)表示被动含义的主动结构，除了常见于need后面之外，常用的词还有be worth(值得),want(=need)(需要),require(需要)等。例如：Your hair wants/needs cutting(needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了。(2)其他主动表示被动的形式：系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来),sound(听起来),prove(证明是),feel(摸上去感到)等,例如:Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。 一些与cant(不能)或wont(不会)连用的动词。常用的有:lock(锁住),shut(关上),open(打开),act(上演)等,例如:It cant move.它不能动。 一些与well(很),easily(容易地),perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如:sell(销售),wash(洗),clean(打扫),burn(燃烧),cook(煮)等。例如:The book sells well.这种书很畅销。 用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词。例如:This material has worn thin.这料子已磨薄了。 不定式作定语。例如：Give him some books to read.给他点书看。 当然,这里的不定式在个别情形下也可用被动形式,含义区别不大,例如:There is so much work to do/to be done.有这么多事情要做。 在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中,有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语,这时应用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构的形容词比较多,最常用的有amusing(有趣的),cheap(便宜的),dangerous(危险的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),important(重要的),nice(令人愉快的),pleasant(愉快的)等。例如:That question is difficult to answer.那个问题不容易回答。在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表主动。例如：Who is to blame for starting the fire?这场火灾应由谁负责?“be+under+名词”结构:这种结构表示某事“在进行中”。例如:The whole matter is under discussion(=is being discussed).整个事情正在讨论中。“be worthy of+名词”结构:在这一结构中,名词和句子的主语有被动含义,例如:nothing worthy of praise没有值得称道的事情此结构后通常用表示行为的名词,而不用动名词的被动形式。2.No sooner.than 一就【典型例句】 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到又走了。【知识归纳】 no sooner.than 短语可视作时间从属连词，引导时间状语从句，主句通常用过去完成时，从句通常用一般过去时，不论在主句还是从句中，一般不用一般现在时和一般将来时。no sooner 放句首时,要用倒装语序。三、语法解读倒装句与强调句(一)倒装句英语的倒装有两大类型，全部倒装与部分倒装。全部倒装：指谓语全部置于主语之前的倒装，有下列几种情况：1.here,there,away,in,out,down,up,off,back,now,then等在句首时，引起全部倒装。例如：Here is a letter for you.这儿有你的一封信。There goes the last train.最后一列车走了。The door opened,and in came Mr.Smith.门开了，史密斯先生走进来。Away went the boy.小男孩走了。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了，打起雨伞来。Out rushed the boy with an apple in his hand.小男孩冲出去，手里拿着一个苹果。Now comes the bus.公共汽车来了。2.介词短语或方位名词词组作地点状语位于句首引起全部倒装。例如：In the corner of the room stands a writingtable.写字台在房间的角落里。Under the bed lies a cat.床下有一只猫。注：以上两种完全倒装主语必须是名词，谓语常是表示方位或转移的不及物动词，如lie,live,sit,stand,be,come,go,rise,walk,run等，主语若是人称代词或谓语不属上述动词之列，则不用完全倒装。例如：Here it rains a lot every month of the year.这里每月的降雨量都很多。Off you go!你下去!Then she went to the shop.然后他来到一家商店。3.在there be 结构中，采用全部倒装语序。例如：There is a book in the bag.包里有一本书。表 系主语4.代词such作表语，意为“这样的人”“这样的物”，应置于句首，其后全部倒装。例如：Such were the facts.事实就是这样。Such would be our home in the future.我们未来的家就是这样。部分倒装：指部分谓语(如助动词、情态动词)位于主语之前的倒装。有下列一些情况：(1)一般疑问句，选择疑问句，反意问句要求部分倒装。例如：Has he finished his work?他完成工作了吗？ Its a lovely day,isnt it?真是好天气，不是吗？ (2)特殊疑问句。例如：When did you go there?你什么时候去那里？Which do you like best?你最喜欢哪一个？(3)only修饰动词、介词短语、状语从句，并置于句首时，主句中要部分倒装。例如：Only when the rain stopped did the match start again.只有当雨停了比赛才能开始。注：“only名词/代词”置于句首不要倒装。例如：Only he can do it.(正)Only can he do it.(误)(4)含有否定意义的副词，如：not,never,neither,nor,seldom,hardly,little等置于句首时，要求部分倒装。例如：Hardly can I believe that.我几乎不能相信那件事。Never has he been to the Great Wall.他从未去过长城。Seldom does she write to me.她很少给我写信。5.not only.but(also).连接两个分句，not only置于句首，它所引导的这部分要部分倒装，但but(also)部分不要倒装。例如:Not only should we study science,but also we should pay attention to politics.我们不仅要研究科学，还要关心政治。注：若not only.but(also).连接两个主语，句子不要倒装。6.not until引起一个短语或引导一个从句置于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。例如：Not until he was ten did he go to school.他直到十岁才去上学。Not until yesterday did I realize what trouble he was in.直到昨天我才意识到他所处的困境。7.“hardly.when.”“no sooner.than.”句型中，若hardly,no sooner位于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。例如：Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang.我一进门，电话就响了。No sooner had he finished his talk than he was surrounded(包围)by the workers.他刚一讲完话就被人围了起来。8.so表“也，同样”，位于句首时，其后要部分倒装。例如：You can swim,so can I.你能游泳，我也能。If you go,so will I.如果你去，我也去。(二)强调句型强调句型：It is(was)+被强调部分+that(who)+其他(1)强调主语It is I who am to blame.是我该受责怪。It was your uncle that(who)came yesterday.昨天来的是你叔叔。原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态用It is.that(who)，如果原句谓语动词是过去时态，则用It was.that(who)。(2)强调宾语It was a new pen that Mother gave me.母亲给我的是一枝新钢笔。(3)强调状语强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用when,where,how,必须用that。a.强调地点状语It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella.我把雨伞落在了教室里。b.强调时间状语It is at eleven that the train leaves.火车是在十一点开。注意：强调until引导的从句时要把not until 从句一起作为被强调部分。c.强调方式状语It was just as he ordered that I acted.我正是照他的吩咐那样做的。d.强调原因状语活学巧用填空(1)He has designed all the_and costumes(戏服).(2)The grassland _of Tibet is unique.(3)What a beautiful _from the window!(4)Come and see the_of London.答案：(1)scenes(2)scenery(3)view(4)sights选择 (5)There was a good _of the countryside from the front of the bus.A.sightB.viewC.sceneD.scenery提示：view在本句中意指“看，眺望”。句意为：“坐在汽车的前排座位可以清楚地看到乡间的景色。”答案：B选择 (1)Alice,you feed the bird today, _?But I fed it yesterday.A.do youB.will you C.didnt youD.dont you 提示：此题考查祈使句的反意疑问句，要用will you。答案：B完成句子 (2)The mother _with a spoon.(母亲用勺子喂孩子。)(3)She _her boy who is_ .(她喂她的儿子，因为他太小了，不会自己吃。)(4)He _the fire_some logs.(他给炉火添加木柴。)或：He_some logs_the fire.答案：(2)feeds her baby(3)feeds,too young to feed himself(4)fed,with/fed,into翻译 (1)我们应当全心全意为人民服务。_(2)This box will serve for a seat._(3)Mrs.White cant come to the telephoneshes serving a customer._答案：(1)We should serve the people heart and soul.(2)这箱子可当作座椅。(3)怀特夫人不能来接电话她正在接待顾客。选择 (4)I wonder what time lunch is_ in your school.A.givenB.takenC.servedD.eaten提示：在这里用的是serve the lunch“开午饭”的被动结构。答案：C介词填空(1)Most people of all the nations,rich or poor,are anxious _the development and peace of the world.(2)They are eager _attend the meeting which is_great value.(3) their joy,the lovely boy is very eager_his studies and does well_all the subjects.答案：(1)for(2)to;of(3)To;in;in翻译 (4)He is eager for his parents to meet his girlfriend._(5)商店里的那个女售货员总是十分殷勤,希望使人人满意。_答案：(4)他盼望他的父母去见他的女朋友。(5)The saleswoman in the shop is always eager to please everybody.选择 (1)The boy had a _escape when he ran across the road in front of the bus.A.close B.shortC.narrow D.fine提示：have a narrow escape 幸免于难。答案：C翻译 (2)那只鸟逃出鸟笼了。 _(3)He ran away/got away/escaped from the fire._(4)Her name escaped me._(5)他逃脱了惩罚。_答案：(2)The bird has escaped from the cage.(3)他从火灾中逃出来了。(4)我忘了她的名字。(5)He has escaped being punished.填空用concern以及其相关结构的正确形式填空。(1)He had a _in the business.(2)A good doctor should always_himself_ the health of his patients.(3)You should begin a formal letter with “To whom it_.(4)Its a matte_.(5)I have no_the matter.(6)As far as_ ,he can do whatever he likes.答案：(1)concern(2)concern;with(3)may concern(4)of concern(5)concern with(6)Im concerned完成句子 (1)The air crash_three deaths.(这场飞机坠毁造成三人死亡。)(2)The election_ a great victory for their Party.(选举结果为他们党获得巨大胜利。)(3)Hard work _.(努力终归成功。)(4)It rained heavily. _,we had to stay at home.(雨下得大，结果，我们都得待在家里。)(5) _ the pilots strike,all flights have had to be cancelled.(由于飞行员罢工，所有的航班被迫取消。)答案：(1)resulted in(2)resulted in(3)leads to success(4)As a result(5)As a result of选择 (1)This is one of the problems.That_.A.badly need solving B.much needs to be solvedC.badly needs solvingD.greatly need to solve提示：need doing sth.，主动表被动。答案：C完成句子 (2)Good medicine_.(良药苦口。)(3)The door_.(这门打不开。)(4)These clothes_.(这些衣服很耐洗。)(5)The dust _the house.(灰尘被风吹进了房子。)(6)He has a family_.(他要维持一个家庭。)(7)Give me the names of the people_/_.(把那些要联系的人的名字给我。)(8)Chickens legs are nice_.(鸡腿很好吃。)(9)The house_.(此房出租。)(10)The building is_.(这座楼正在建设中。)(11)He is a man_.(他是一个值得支持的人。)(12)A lot remains_.(还剩下许多事情要做。)(13)There is a lot of work_ .(有许多工作要干。)答案：(2)tastes bitter to the mouth(3)wont open(4)wash well(5)has blown into(6)to support(7)to contact/to be contacted(8)to eat(9)is to let(10)under construction(11)worthy of support(12)to do(13)to do选择 _,the gathering crowd burst into applause.A.entering the hallB.When he took the floorC.The speaker took his placeD.No sooner had the speaker entered 提示：no sooner 放句首时， 要用倒装语序。句意为：“演讲者刚刚进门，云集的听众就报以热烈的掌声。”答案：D选择 (1)On top of the books _the photo album youre looking for.A.isB.are C.hasD.have提示：这是一个完全倒装句，主语是the photo album，所以要用is。答案：A(2)So little_with each other that the neighboring countries could not settle their difference.A.they agreedB.agreed theyC.did they agreeD.they did agree提示：so little后接倒装句。答案：C(3)I would never come to this restaurant again.The food is terrible!_.A.Nor am I B.Neither would IC.Same with meD.So do I提示：“neither+倒装句”的意思是“也不”。I would never come to this restaurant again.是否定句，所以要用Neither would I。答案：B(4)Maybe you have been to many countries,but nowhere else _such a beautiful palace.A.can you find B.you could findC.you can findD.could you find提示：nowhere else是否定副词，以否定副词开头的句子的谓语动词可确定用倒装。答案：A(5)Of the making of good books there is no end;neither_any end to their influence on mans lives.A.there isB.there areC.is thereD.are there 提示：neither是否定词，以否定词开头的句子要倒装。答案：C(6)I failed in the final examination last term and only then_the importance of studies.A.I realized B.I had realizedC.had I realizedD.did I realize提示：以only后接状语或状语从句开头的句子要进行倒装。答案：D(7)Hidden_by a big tree,his house was not to be seen.A.as it wasB.as it isC.as it didD.as he did提示：考查as 引导的让步状语从句。答案：A(8)Not only _to leave his homeland,but_taken away.A.he was forced;was everything he hadB.was he forced;everything he had wasC.was he forced;was everything he hadD.he was forced;everything he had was提示：not only.but(also)连接的并列句，只是not only(否定词)分句倒装。答案：B(9)Only in this way_ to make improvement in the operating system.A.you can hopeB.you did hopeC.can you hopeD.did you hope 提示：“only+状语”位于句首引起句子部分倒装，由于本句无明显的过去时间，所以选C项。答案：C(10)It was not until he entered the classroom_he realized that he had forgotten to do the homework.A.beforeB.when C.then D.that提示:就until从句进行强调时，后面同样也用that。答案：D(11)It was Isadora Duncan who _responsible for many of the innovations that have made modern dance different from classical ballet.A.is B.was C.has beenD.were提示:强调主语时，原句谓语动词的单复数仍然由被强调部分决定。答案：B(12)We were told that it was in that very room _the Republicans held the important meeting.A.whereB.thereC.in whichD.that提示:强调句型的复合句。被强调部分是地点状语。答案：D(13)It is during his spare time _Tom has been studying the situation for several months.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.then提示:被强调部分是时间状语，仍然用that 引导从句。答案：B课文浓缩下面的文章为课文原文的浓缩,仔细阅读,根据原文章内容将其补充完整,并尽量背诵。Oliver Asks for MoreThe warden, _by two woman, _the soup from this pot at meal times.Each boy was_one bowl of soup and no more.The bowls never needed_,as the boys cleaned them with their spoons, _to eat every bit of soup.One boy told his friends that he had to have another bowl of soup.If he did not,he might eat a boy.They decided that one boy should ask the warden for_ soup.Oliver was chosen.Oliver,who was_with hunger and misery, _from his table and walked to the warden. _by his own courage,he said that “Please sir,I want some more.” _had the boy spoken these words than the warden hit him on_head with the soup spoon.The next morning a _was put up on the door of the workhouse, _a reward to anybody who would_him.答案：helped;served;allowed;washing;trying;more;desperate;rose;Frightened;No sooner;the;notice;offering;employ111
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