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111Module 5 语言点汇集 重点单词点击【词条1】expand，contract【课文原句】When you heat a metal, it expands. When you heat a metal, it contracts. (Page 41)【点拨】expand和contract是一对反义词。expand在本句中的意思是“在面积上扩张、膨胀”， contract则表示“（使）缩小，缩短”。再如： A balloon expands when it is blown up. “I will” can be contracted to “Ill”.【拓展1】(1) expand作动词时还表示“扩展，发展（业务）”，如： Weve expanded the business by opening two more stores.(2) 辨析expand与increase：它们都有“增加”的意思，但二者的侧重点不同： expand指范围、程度、体积、尺寸等方面的扩大或增加；increase指数量、强度、大小等方面的扩大或增加。如：The new system expanded the role of family doctors.The population of this country has increased from 1.2 million to 1.8 million.【拓展2】动词contract还有一个很常用的意思是“与签订合约；正式缔结或者确定”。如：They contract with a company for the supply of fuel.【词条2】react 【课文原句】When we use metals, it is important to know how they react with different substances (Page 44)【点拨】react在本句中的意思是“（化学）反应”。react with sth表示“与起化学反应”。如：Iron reacts with water and air to product rust.【拓展】（1）react还有“作出反应；回应；反对；反抗”的意思，常见搭配有：react on / upon sth “对产生影响”；react against sb / sth“反对；反抗”; react to sth“对作出回应”。如：The rise of oil costs reacted on the price of food.The little child reacted against my suggestion.Most of the people react positively to a suggeation. (2)react是由“re- +act”构成的，前缀re-可以加在名词或动词前面，构成新的名词或动词。re-通常含有三个意思：表示“回；向后”。如：return（回来），recall（回忆）；表示“再；重新”。如：review（复习），restart（重新开始）；表示“相反”。如：renew （重新），reproduction（再生产）。 【词条3】conclusion【点拨】conclusion在本模块中表示“（试验等的）结论”的意思。表示“得出结论”可用come to the conclusion, reach the conclusion, lead to the conclusion。再如： New evidence might lead to the conclusion that we are wrong.Its very difficult to reach the conclusion because we know little about that plan.【拓展】conclusion作名词时还有“结束；结尾”的意思。in conclusion 表示“最后”如： The conclusion of the book is worth to read.In conclusion, I really like this novel very much.【词条4】ordinary【课文原句】in ordinary water【点拨】ordinary在这个短语中意思是“普通的”，ordinary water是“普通的水（没有任何特殊的成份）”。再如：This was just an ordinary meeting.【拓展】辨析ordinary，common和usual（1） ordinary意为“普通的，惯例的，一般的，平常的”。强调等级和类属方面平常或普通。指人表示不显赫也不低贱；指物表示品质或质地不高于也不低于平均值。如：She was of ordinary height.It was an ordinary lunch of soup and a sandwich (2) common意为“共同的, 公共的, 公有的, 普通的, 庸俗的, 伪劣的”，表示经常发生的、司空见惯的。可修饰人或物，另外还可指共同的，共有的特征。如： the common sense常识These are the common mistakes among the Chinese students(3) usual意为“通常的、惯常的, 惯例的”，是依照某一个人物或某一类人物的常例来判断，因此有“遵循常规”之意。如： He made the usual mistakes which all beginners make That morning he came earlier than usual，for it was not an ordinary day 重点短语透视【短语1】 keepout of 【课文原句】This will keep air out of the water. (Page 45)【点拨】keep out (of sth) 在本句中的意思是“使不进入”。再如： Keep that dog out of my garden! 【拓展】动词keep 意思是“使保持某种状态”,后面可接名词、动名词、形容词、介词或副词作宾语补足语。与keep有关的常见搭配有：keep away (from sb / sth)“避免接近；远离”；keep sb / sth off“使不接近”；keep in touch with sb“与某人保持联系”。如：Be careful! Keep away from the edge.Keep off the grass.I keep in touch with my American friend all the time.【短语2】 be proud of 【课文原句】The Nobel Prize is the highest scientific prize there is, so we should be very proud of that. (Page 49)【点拨】be proud of在本句中的意思是“为而自豪”。这句话的意思是“诺贝尔奖是科学最高奖，所以我们应当为之而自豪。”再如：I am proud of being a Chinese. 【拓展】proud 的名词形式是pride，与pride相关的常见短语有：take (a) pride in sb/sth “为某人或某物感到自豪”，如：She takes a pride in her work.【短语3】be supposed to 【课文原句】as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments. (Page 49)【点拨】be supposed to在本句中的意思是“一般认为；人们普遍觉得会”。这句话的意思是“因为人们普遍认为这两所大学都应该有出色的物理系。”再如：Getting a visa is supposed to be very difficult.【拓展】（1）be supposed to还可以表示“（按照规定、习惯、安排等）应当；应该”。如：You were supposed to be here an hour ago!（2）动词suppose引导的宾语从句要进行否定转移。如： I dont suppose that he will come.（3）do you suppose作为插入语置于特殊疑问句中时，特殊疑问句要用陈述句语序。如： What do you suppose he wanted ?重点语法聚焦形容词和副词的比较级 形容词和副词的比较级是中学英语里要求同学们掌握的重要知识点，在第一模块的“你问我答”栏目中，我们也给同学们总结了倍数的表示法，下面再给大家补充一下比较级的一些其他用法：1. 形容词或副词的比较级连用，表示“越来越”。其常用的句式结构是：（1）“主语+ be becoming / getting + 比较级+and +比较级”；也可以用一般现在时的形式，即：“主语+ become/get + 比较级+and +比较级”。如：The days are getting longer and longer and the nights are getting shorter and shorter in summer.（2）由“the +比较级，the +比较级”构成的比较级的对等结构,表示“越, 就越”如：The more harder you study, the more progress you will make.2. 在比较级前可以用much, still, even , a lot, far, a bit, a little 等词来修饰，表示程度如何，否定句和疑问句中用用any。如：My brother is much older than I but he is only a little taller than I.Are you feeling any better today?3. 用比较级表示最高级意义的几个结构：（1）比较级+than any other +单数名词 此结构包含比较对象在内，它也可以写成下面的形式：“比较级+than +anyone else / any of the other+复数名词/all the other+复数名词”，如：Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. Shanghai is larger than any of the other cities in China.(2) 比较级+than any + 单数名词此结构不包含比较对象在内。如：Tom is taller than any girl in his class. 4. 否定形式的比较级的特殊意义（1）no + 比较级 + than， 意思是“A和B一样不”。如：Tom is no more careful than Mike. （2）not +比较级+than， 表示“A不如B”。如： Tom is not more careful than Mike. 111
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