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111外研版 选修6 模块2 Language points语言点讲解1. She came out of a garden to where Will was standing她从花园出来，来到威尔站立的地方。句中where引导的是介词的宾语从句。例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.2. Still watching，Will saw the cat behave strangely. 威尔定睛看过去，看见那只猫行为怪异。Still watching是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。 例如： Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.3. Then she leapt back，with her tail held up然后她向后跳了跳，尾巴翘的老高。句中with引导的with独立主格结构。结构一：with 名词（代词）介词短语，He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。结构二： with 名词（代词）形容词，He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。结构三：with 名词（代词）副词，With production up by 60, the company has had another excellent year产量上升了60, 公司又是一个好年景。结构四： with 名词（代词）名词，She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。结构五：with 名词（代词）现在分词，She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。结构六：with 名词（代词）过去分词，“I think we can leave with our heads held high,” Eriksson said“我认为我们可以高昂着头离开，”艾里克松说。结构七：with 名词（代词）不定式，With 10 minutes to go, youd better hurry还有十分钟，你最好快一点。4. When it had gone past he crossed the road, keeping his eyes on the place where the cat had vanished. 它过去后，他跨过马路，看作猫消失的地方。句中where引导的是表示地点的定语从句。在定语从句中，用where还是which主要看它在从句中所充当的成分来决定的。where在定语从句中用来指地点，作状语，其先行词都是表示地点的名词。如：This is the room where his elder brother once lived这是他大哥曾经住过的房间。This summer I want to go to Hangzhou，where there is a beautiful lake 这个夏天我想去杭州，那里有个美丽的湖。并非先行词表示地点时都用where，若表示地点的先行词在从句中充当主语或宾语，须用which或that。例如：This is the room whichthat his elder brother once lived in（先行词the room作lived in的宾语）This summer I want to go to Hangzhou，which has a beautiful lake（先行词Hangzhou作主语，因为是非限制性定语从句，不用that引导）另外，where引导的定语从句可用“介词which”替换，其中的介词根据先行词或从句谓语动词来决定。where相当于“inaton等which”。例如：This is the hall wherein which the medical conference will be held这是医学会议将要在此召开的大厅。This is the farm whereon which they used to live这是他们过去住过的农场。5. It looked as if someone had cut a patch out of the air, about two metres from the edge of the road. 似乎有人在空中切出了一块天地，距离路边大约两米远。句中as if 引导的是虚拟语气。由as if/as though 引导虚拟语气， 与过去事实相反，as if/as though谓语动词用had done；与现在事实相反 as if/as though谓语动词用did， 例如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there himself.谈论起罗马来就像他去过似的。He orders me as though I were his wife.他向我发号施令就好像我是他的妻子似的。虚拟语气考点分析课文It looked as if someone had cut a patch out of the air, about two metres from the edge of the road. 一句中as if 引导的是虚拟语气。而虚拟语气是历年高考的选考考点。请看：1.- Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?- I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what【解题关键】第二空要填一个引导表语从句的连词，答案只能从a和b中选。而necessary后面要接虚拟语气，所以答案是B。2.Can you come to attend our party tonight?Sorry, but I do wish I _.A. had B. can C. will D. could【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要理清上下文语境，准确判断wish引导的宾语从句中虚拟结构的使用。【答案解析】分析上下文语境可以知道，wish引导的宾语从句表示与将来事实相反的愿望，故应用would，could+动词原形。答案D。3. It is necessary that people both young and old in China _some English to be prepared for the Olympic Games to be held in Beijing in 2008.A. learn B. will learn C. must learn D. have learned【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意在句型It is necessary(strange, natural, important.)+从句中，从句中谓语动词虚拟语气结构的使用。【答案解析】在句型 It is necessary(strange, natural, important.)+从句结构中，从句中谓语动词要用should+动词原形构成，should 可以省略。答案A。4. If he his legs in the last training, he the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in.A. hadnt hurt; would join in B. hadnt hurt; would have taken part inC. didnt hurt; would go in for D. didnt hurt; would have taken part in【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据句子意思准确推断出主从句中谓语动词虚拟结构的使用，特别注意主从句动作所发生的时间不一致性的关系。【答案解析】根据句子结构可以知道，该题是由if引导的条件状语从句，分析句意，该句表示一种假设，从句中的动作是在过去发生，即表示与过去事实相反，主句的动作是在将来发生，即表示与将来事实相反，故从句谓语动词用had done，主句用would (could, might) +动词原形。答案A。5. I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise I _you waiting for such a long time.A. will not keep B. have not keptC. had not kept D. would not have kept【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要把握otherwise表示转折意义后的句子结构中虚拟语气的使用。【答案解析】根据句子意义，otherwise 前的分句为客观事实，使用的为一般过去时，而otherwise 后一分句则表示与过去事实相反的一种假设，句中实际省略了if 条件句if I hadnt been caught.故选项部分应为与过去事实相反的主句虚拟结构，应选 wouldnt have kept。答案D。6. Though the girl had been suffering from the blood disease, she acted as if nothing _ to her while facing her friends and relations.A. happened B. would happen C. was happened D. had happened【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确判断as if引导的从句中虚拟结构的使用。【答案解析】在as if ，as though 引导的方式状语从句中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟结构，根据题干中动词所使用的时态可以看出，选项部分是表示与过去事实相反的动作，要用had + 过去分词构成。答案 D。7. Its high time that we students _ even harder at our lessons as the national entrance examination is coming nearer.A. work B. will work C. worked D. have to work【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意在句型Its time that.结构中虚拟结构的使用。【答案解析】在It is time that .句型结构中，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟结构，可以用一般过去时，也可以用should +动词原形，但should不可省略。答案 C。8. _him not to do so, he wouldnt have made such a serious mistake.A. Did I persuade B. If I persuadeC. If I should persuade D. Had I persuade【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要把握在虚拟条件句中，省略if时，句子结构的使用。【答案解析】题干中主句的谓语动词使用了wouldnt have made， 说明该动作表示与过去事实相反，故条件句使用表示与过去事实相反的虚拟结构if sb. had+过去分词，或使用 had sb. done 即省略了if的虚拟结构。答案D。9. His suggestion that you _once more sounds reasonable.A. try B. tried C. must try D. can try【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意把握在表示建议、命令、要求等引导的名词性从句中，虚拟结构的使用。【答案解析】分析句子意思可以知道，名词suggestion之后的从句为同位语从句，从句中应使用 should+动词原形。其中 should 可以省略。答案A。10.Do you mind if we set out earlier tomorrow morning?Well, Id rather you_.A. dont B. didnt C. wont D. wouldnt【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意would rather后从句中虚拟结构的使用。【答案解析】would rather后的从句，如果从句的谓语动词表示与现在或将来事实相反，常用一般过去时，如果与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。该题根据上下文语境可以知道，选项部分的动作是与将来事实相反，故应使用一般过去时。答案 B。11.I _ to your birthday party last Sunday.Unfortunately, you were out on business.A. had come B. came C. would come D. would have come【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据上下文语境，准确推断出部分虚拟结构的使用。【答案解析】根据对话情景可知，答句Unfortunately, you were out on business.（不幸的是你出差了）实际上是上一句暗示的条件。从答句所给的特定的动词时态（一般过去时）来看，上句所说内容是对过去情况的假设，故暗示的条件句应为If I hadnt been out on business，由此可见，选项部分为主句的谓语动词，表示与过去事实相反，应选用would have come。答案 D。111
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