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111Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsTeaching goals 教学目标1 Target language目标语言a重点词汇和短语 explore, characteristicsb重点句子Write a short article explaining three problems you might meet on the moon.You may ask the following questions as well as work out some more.2 Ability goals 能力目标Enable the Ss to write an article about your idea or hopes for traveling in space. 3 Learning ability goals 学能目标Help the Ss to learn how to write a passage.Teaching important& difficult points教学重点和教学难点Teach the Ss how to write an article about a space travel.Teaching methods教学方法Task-based learningDiscussion.Teaching aids教具准备a projector, a computerTeaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式Step I WritingThe purpose of this writing is for students to think about what kind of equipment they would need to be safe in space. Its a good opportunity for a discussion about the pains and pleasures that might occur when traveling in space. After the discussion, they can write down the problems and the way to solve them.T: If you are going off on a holiday, what will you take?S1: I will take clothes, shoes, food and many other things.T: But for space travel, you need specialized equipment. What equipment should you take? We have discussed them in last lesson. Who can answer this question?S2: oxygen can, spacesuit, gravity boots, water system, special food., special ropes, space buggy, sunglasses and space camera.T: We take so many things with us in order to avoid many dangers. What are the dangers? If you dont know many enough, lets watch the film “Apollo”. Its a film about an American space mission that went wrong. After that, you should write down the dangers and the way to solve them.(Watch the film.)Sample article:If I visited the moon, I might have three problems: how to breathe, how to eat and how to move around.I would have to carry all my air with me if I went to the moon. This is because the moon has no air of its own. So I would need oxygen tanks placed on my back so I could breathe all the time.I would have to take all my food with me if I went to the moon. In the spaceship, there is no gravity so the food would float around. So, I would make sure that it is specially made as space food and then I would be able to eat it easily.I would find it difficult to move around on the moon as I would weigh one-sixth what I weigh on the earth. This means I would bounce like a balloon if I try to walk. I would have to learn to walk differently so that I dont fall over.If I follow this advice, I think I will have a good holiday on the moon.Step II Writing TaskThe purpose of this writing task is for the students to use the information they have gathered on astronomy and their questions to each other to write an interesting and lively newspaper article.T: Have you ever remembered Oct.16th, 2003?S: Yes, of course.T: What happened on that day?S: Chinas first manned spaceship landed safely that day.T: Its a great moment for China and the whole world. How many preparations have they made for this space travel?S: Not exactly. But they must have made full preparations for this manned space flight.T: Do you admire Yang Liwei?S: He is our hero.T: Do you want to be a great man like him?S: Of course, Im dreaming of that.T: Youll get the chance if you work hard. China has other new plans. The scientists plan to put a lab into space manned by scientists for short periods. They aim to visit the moon to look for valuable resources there as well as to study its environment and geological structures. Do you want to be that lucky scientist? Suppose you are the scientist who visits the moon in the future, please tell us your plan. For example, you can think about these questions and write down your plan. 1.What preparations should you make?2.What will you see during your space travel?3.What will you do on the moon?Show sample article:Going into spaceCarry out research on the moonIll visit moon soon. As a scientist, I have always wanted to visit it by myself. But its not an easy thing. So I should make many preparations. First Ill take enough exercise in order to be strong. Then Ill take enough and necessary equipment with me. I will make notes of what Ill see on the moon because well put a lab on it. Through experiments in the lab, well collect valuable resources and study its environment and geological structures. Well also want to find out if its a good place for humans to live in in the future. I believe Ill get what I want to get from the moon.(Teacher can supply other information for students. Show the following on the screen:)Chinas manned space programme has four goals: 1.to develop basic manned space flight technology; 2. to observe the earth and undertake experiments in space; 3. to help design space vehicles;4. to accumulate experience for a large space stationT: Suppose you are part of this future programme, talk about what youll do, what youll see and what youll get.Step III ProjectAsk students to collect as much information as they can about the nine planets in our solar system. Choose one planet that they would like to explore. Then write a research report. The report should include the four requirements on Page68.1.One possible project:Topic: MarsThe planet I have chosen is Mars because its the closest to the earth and itll be one of the first planets for us to explore. Its named after the Roman god of war because from the earth it looks red in the sky.Information Position: 4th planet in our solar systemDistance from our sun: 228 million kmsDiameter: half the size of the EarthMass: one tenth the size of EarthGravity: one third of that of EarthSurface size: same as dry land of EarthLength of day: half an hour longer than Earth dayTime to circle the sun: two Earth yearsSatellites: twoAir: 95% carbon dioxide 2% argon, 3% nitrogen, very little oxygenFindings from space tripsThe most important trips to Mars have been made by the US and USSR. They have both sent many spaceships but no people to visit Mars. They have discovered:-there are two seasons on Mars: a warm, dusty, southern summer and cold, dusty-free northern winter.-no life can live on Mars now, as the air doesnt have enough oxygen-there are some evidence of early life when there was water on Mars three million years ago-changes in the color of Mars are produced by dust storms on Mars-it has a north and a south pole made of frozen carbon dioxide gasWhat I would like to find out1.whether there is life under the surface of Mars2.whether it would be possible for people to live on Mars3.whether there is oil or jewels or rocks that would be useful for people on Earth2.Another project:Topic: JupiterJupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and is the largest one in the solar system. If Jupiter were hollow, more than one thousand Earths could fit inside. It also contains more matter than all of the other planets combined. It has a mass of 1.9 x 1027 kg and is 142,800 kilometers (88,736 miles) across the equator. Jupiter possesses 28 known satellites, four of which - Callisto, Europa, Ganymede and Io - were observed by Galileo as long ago as 1610. Another 12 satellites have been recently discovered and given provisional designators until they are officially confirmed and named. InformationJupiter StatisticsMass (kg)1.900e+27Mass (Earth = 1)3.1794e+02Equatorial radius (km)71,492Equatorial radius (Earth = 1)1.1209e+01Mean density (gm/cm3)1.33Mean distance from the Sun (km)778,330,000Mean distance from the Sun (Earth = 1)5.2028Rotational period (days)0.41354Orbital period (days)4332.71Mean orbital velocity (km/sec)13.07Orbital eccentricity0.0483Tilt of axis (degrees)3.13Orbital inclination (degrees)1.308Equatorial surface gravity (m/sec2)22.88Equatorial escape velocity (km/sec)59.56Visual geometric albedo0.52Magnitude (Vo)-2.70Mean cloud temperature-121CAtmospheric pressure (bars)0.7Atmospheric composition Hydrogen Helium90%10%Findings from space trips1.There is a ring system, but it is very faint and is totally invisible from the Earth. (The rings were discovered in 1979 by Voyager 1.) 2.The atmosphere is very deep, perhaps comprising the whole planet, and is somewhat like the Sun. It is composed mainly of hydrogen and helium, with small amounts of methane, ammonia, water vapor and other compounds.3. At great depths within Jupiter, the pressure is so great that the hydrogen atoms are broken up and the electrons are freed so that the resulting atoms consist of bare protons. This produces a state in which the hydrogen becomes metallic. 4. Colorful latitudinal bands, atmospheric clouds and storms illustrate Jupiters dynamic weather systems. The cloud patterns change within hours or days. The Great Red Spot is a complex storm moving in a counter-clockwise direction. 5. Auroral emissions, similar to Earths northern lights, were observed in the polar regions of Jupiter. What I would like to find out1.whether there is life under the surface of Jupiter2.whether it would be possible for people to live on Jupiter3.whether there is oil or jewels or rocks that would be useful for people on EarthStep V HomeworkSum up the whole unit.Collect the materials about stars, space travel and different ideas about the beginning of life.111
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